External Request Research Articles

A Comprehensive Electric Vehicle Model for Vehicle-to-Grid Strategy Development

A comprehensive electric vehicle model is developed to characterize the behavior of the Smart e.d. (2013) while driving, charging and providing vehicle-to-grid services. To facilitate vehicle-to-grid strategy development, the EV model is completed with the measurement of the on-board charger efficiency and the charging control behavior upon external set-point request via IEC 61851-1. The battery model is an electro-thermal model with a dual polarization equivalent circuit electrical model coupled with a lumped thermal model with active liquid cooling. The aging trend of the EV’s 50 Ah large format pouch cell with NMC chemistry is evaluated via accelerated aging tests in the laboratory. Performance of the model is validated using laboratory pack tests, charging and driving field data. The RMSE of the cell voltage was between 18.49 mV and 67.17 mV per cell for the validation profiles. Cells stored at 100% SOC and 40 °C reached end-of-life (80% of initial capacity) after 431–589 days. The end-of-life for a cell cycled with 80% DOD around an SOC of 50% is reached after 3634 equivalent full cycles which equates to a driving distance of over 420,000 km. The full parameter set of the model is provided to serve as a resource for vehicle-to-grid strategy development.

Помощники суда: российский Конституционный суд и Уполномоченный по правам человека

In most countries, the main task of the constitutional court is to review compliance with the constitution. The basic method to perform this task is the elimination of violations upon an external request: after the court receives from applicants information about such violations in the form of claims or requests, it assesses the validity of such claim/requests and makes a decision on the particular issue that was brought up by an applicant, thereby restoring the constitutional order within the legal sphere in question. It is clear that one properly functioning court does not suffice for the successful realization of such a review model. One needs the coherent ecosystem of court helpers, who would collect relevant information about violations and supply it to judges — practically like raw materials, without which judicial control is impossible. The article analyzes the relationship of the Russian Constitutional Court with a specific type of such helpers — the Ombudsman. Based on the quantitative analysis of the database of the decisions of the Constitutional Court, the author traces the evolution of these relations over the time period from 1999 to the present day and attempts to identify the reasons why, despite the growing “friendliness” of the Constitutional Court towards the Ombudsman, the role of the latter in the judicial review is declining.

The readiness of the future teacher to form students' functional literacy

Introduction. Society and the state form an external request for the results of education, proceeding from their priority tasks and interests. Currently, the actual educational result is the functional literacy of students. The achievement of the demanded results of the educational process largely depends on the professionalism of the teacher who implements it. In this connection, the issue of training pedagogical personnel ready and able to form relevant educational results, in particular, the functional literacy of students, by means of individual subject areas, is of particular relevance. The first step to solving this issue is to study the pedagogical phenomenon, which is new for domestic science, "the readiness of future teachers to form students' functional literacy" and the development of its scientifically based model, which is the purpose of this article.Materials and Methods. In the process of work, theoretical (analysis, generalization, systematization, pedagogical modeling) and empirical (open observation, interviewing) research methods were used.Results. The main directions of pedagogical activity focused on the formation of functional literacy of students by means of individual subject areas are highlighted. This made it possible to clarify the content of the concept of "the readiness of future teachers to form the functional literacy of students." The structural-content model of the studied type of readiness is theoretically substantiated, in which motivational, emotional-volitional, cognitive, activity and reflexive-evaluative components are highlighted. The criteria (personal, cognitive, activity and regulatory) and the corresponding indicators for assessing the readiness of students of a pedagogical higher educational institution for the formation of students' functional literacy are formulated. The levels of formation of this readiness are described.Discussion and Conclusions. The implementation of modern education strategies is impossible without training the relevant teaching staff. The development of a scientifically grounded model of the readiness of future teachers to form students' functional literacy is just the beginning of the path to modernizing teacher education. Allocation of the readiness structure and the criterion apparatus for its assessment allows us to determine further guidelines for the design and implementation of the conditions for its formation.

A Systematic Review on Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection System

The Intrusion Detection System can monitor and investigate the harmful actions on a network and take necessary action to halt the external data. If the external request arrives, the IDS technique notifies the user about the intruders and thereby, allows the user to disconnect the IP network connection and reset the network connection from any interrupt. Hence, various anomaly based IDSs used for providing cyber security are reviewed in this paper. Accordingly, various research papers based on anomaly detection are reviewed by providing a classification based on several aspects, and are analyzed regarding various factors, such as datasets utilized, accuracy obtained, evaluation metrics, and implementation tools. From the analysis, it is observed that majority of the papers reviewed have employed MATLAB as the implementation tool.

Erasing the Past: Untangling the Conflicting Journalistic Loyalties and Paradigmatic Pressures of Unpublishing

ABSTRACT Unpublishing, or the act of deleting previously published media content from a news outlet’s online archive in response to an external request, is a growing ethical and practical dilemma for journalists. Adjudicating unpublishing requests leaves each media outlet to wrestle with balancing the ethical tenets of accuracy and objectivity. Amid a substantial rise in scholarly attention to technological challenges associated with digital privacy, research specific to unpublishing is limited and less focused on the ethical foundations from which professional practices might be developed. This study used qualitative interviews with editorial decisionmakers at print, television, and radio news outlets to explore the challenges unpublishing pose to journalists’ work. Results show a struggle to balance competing loyalties to the individuals requesting content to be removed and two fundamental paradigmatic assumptions. Findings identify new complexities to the media-audience relationship and call for refocusing attention toward resolving how unpublishing decisions fit within the journalistic paradigm before tenable newsroom practices can take root.

Integration and exploitation of intra-routine malleability in BLIS

Malleability is a property of certain applications (or tasks) that, given an external request or autonomously, can accommodate a dynamic modification of the degree of parallelism being exploited at runtime. Malleability improves resource usage (core occupation) on modern multicore architectures for applications that exhibit irregular and divergent execution paths and heavily depend on the underlying library performance to attain high performance. The integration of malleability within high-performance instances of the Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) is nonexistent, and, in addition, it is difficult to attain given the rigidity of current application programming interfaces (APIs). In this paper, we overcome these issues presenting the integration of a malleability mechanism within BLIS, a high-performance and portable framework to implement BLAS-like operations. For this purpose, we leverage low-level (yet simple) APIs to integrate on-demand malleability across all Level-3 BLAS routines, and we demonstrate the performance benefits of this approach by means of a higher-level dense matrix operation: the LU factorization with partial pivoting and look-ahead.

Staying Quit After Release (SQuARe) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to maintain smoking abstinence after release from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia

IntroductionSmoke-free policies have been introduced in prisons internationally. However, high rates of relapse to smoking after release from prison indicate that these policies typically result in short-term smoking cessation only....

Pragmatics in CLIL

AbstractThis study is a mixed-method, cross-sectional study that compares the acquisition of request modification in the productions of two secondary school groups (15–16 years old) in two school programs: content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and traditional mainstream (non-CLIL). A total of 192 requests were gathered from both groups by means of an elicitation instrument (a Written Discourse Completion Test – WDCT). The requestive pragmatic moves (external and internal modifiers and request strategies) were analysed according to their pragmatic functions (softeners and aggravators) and a data-driven taxonomy of request modification was elaborated in line with previously developed taxonomies (Blum-Kulka et al., 1989;Alcón Soler et al., 2005) for the data analysis. The results showed that both groups share similarities typical of foreign language learners. Nonetheless, significant statistical differences between them indicated that the CLIL group had a fuller repertoire of request modification strategies, yet their sociopragmatic knowledge is questioned.

External Request Modifications in Yemeni Arabic as Used by Male-Male and Male-Female Interactions

The current study explores the types and frequency of external request modifications in Yemeni Arabic as produced by male speakers the study participants were 336 undergraduate students (168 male participants and 168 female participants) from Sana’a University, aged 20-23. All of the participants are relatively homogeneous in terms of their cultural background. The data were collected by using Discourse Completion Test (DCT).The analysis of the data is based on Blum-Kulka et al’s (1989) CCSARP (Cross Cultural Speech Act Realization Project) coding scheme. The results of the study showed that the male speakers generally showed greater use of external request modification to mitigate their requests. Seven external request modifications were identified in the data of the present study in M-M, M-F interactions. However, in M-M interactions, the number of external request modifications, which were identified in the data, was 2006. On the other hand, in M-F interactions the number of external request modification was 2016. The results revealed that Yemeni males showed greater use of the external request modification when interacting with females more than to males.

On the Design of an Energy Efficient Data Collection Scheme for Body Area Nano Networks

With the recent advancements in nanotechnologies, Body Area Nanonetworks (BANNETs) are expected to be a promising solution for many critical biomedical applications. Due to the extremely small size of nanomachines, serious energy limitation becomes a challenging roadblock stunting the development of BANNETs. As an initial step towards this end, this paper focuses on the design of an energy-efficient data collection scheme in BANNETs. First, a sleep/wake-up mechanism is introduced to avoid the unnecessary energy consumption when no external request comes. Then, with a careful consideration of both node available energy and transmission energy consumption, we design a new node selection strategy to further reduce the energy consumption in the data collection process. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations for both the proposed data collection scheme and the benchmark greedy scheme to illustrate the energy efficiency of our scheme as well as to discuss the impacts of network parameters on network performance.

On the Design of an Energy Efficient Data Collection Scheme for Body Area Nano Networks

With the recent advancements in nanotechnologies, Body Area Nanonetworks (BANNETs) are expected to be a promising solution for many critical biomedical applications. Due to the extremely small size of nanomachines, serious energy limitation becomes a challenging roadblock stunting the development of BANNETs. As an initial step towards this end, this paper focuses on the design of an energy-efficient data collection scheme in BANNETs. First, a sleep/wake-up mechanism is introduced to avoid the unnecessary energy consumption when no external request comes. Then, with a careful consideration of both node available energy and transmission energy consumption, we design a new node selection strategy to further reduce the energy consumption in the data collection process. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations for both the proposed data collection scheme and the benchmark greedy scheme to illustrate the energy efficiency of our scheme as well as to discuss the impacts of network parameters on network performance.

Application-Aware Dynamic Fine-Grained Resource Provisioning in a Virtualized Cloud Data Center

A key factor of win–win cloud economy is how to trade off between the application performance from customers and the profit of cloud providers. Current researches on cloud resource allocation do not sufficiently address the issues of minimizing energy cost and maximizing revenue for various applications running in virtualized cloud data centers (VCDCs). This paper presents a new approach to optimize the profit of VCDC based on the service-level agreements (SLAs) between service providers and customers. A precise model of the external and internal request arrival rates is proposed for virtual machines at different service classes. An analytic probabilistic model is then developed for non-steady VCDC states. In addition, a smart controller is developed for fine-grained resource provisioning and sharing among multiple applications. Furthermore, a novel dynamic hybrid metaheuristic algorithm is developed for the formulated profit maximization problem, based on simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization. The proposed algorithm can guarantee that differentiated service qualities can be provided with higher overall performance and lower energy cost. The advantage of the proposed approach is validated with trace-driven simulations.

Efficient evaluation of shortest travel-time path queries through spatial mashups

In the real world, the route/path with the shortest travel time in a road network is more meaningful than that with the shortest network distance for location-based services (LBS). However, not every LBS provider has adequate resources to compute/estimate travel time for routes by themselves. A cost-effective way for LBS providers to estimate travel time for routes is to issue external route requests to Web mapping services (e.g., Google Maps, Bing Maps, and MapQuest Maps). Due to the high cost of processing such external route requests and the usage limits of Web mapping services, we take the advantage of direction sharing, parallel requesting and waypoints supported by Web mapping services to reduce the number of external route requests and the query response time for shortest travel-time route queries in this paper. We first give the definition of sharing ability to reflect the possibility of sharing the direction information of a route with others, and find out the queries that their query routes are independent with each other for parallel processing. Then, we model the problem of selecting the optimal waypoints for an external route request as finding the longest simple path in a weighted complete digraph. As it is a MAX SNP-hard problem, we propose a greedy algorithm with performance guarantee to find the best set of waypoints in an external route request. We evaluate the performance of our approach using a real Web mapping service, a real road network, real and synthetic data sets. Experimental results show the efficiency, scalability, and applicability of our approach.

PDB44 - Prescription Data in Australia: How Useful is this ‘Big' Data?

Detailed prescription data is difficult to get access to Australia. Health care is heavily subsidised in Australia and information on government paid medical services paid including pharmaceutical scripts is collected by the Commonwealth. This abstract seeks to uncover the process with which the data can be obtained and assess its usage in terms of reimbursement submissions to the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC). A review of previous applications to get access to prescription data was performed. Prescription data was analysed according to the current PBAC guidelines and ISPOR good practice guidelines to assess applicability for reimbursement submissions in Australia. The review of previous applications revealed that multiple steps are involved with getting access to Australian prescription data. Pharmaceutical companies can obtain data directly from the Australian Government’s Department of Human Services (DHS) but this can be a long and complicated process. Usually companies contract a third party vendor (TPV) licensed by the DHS to hold a 10% patient sample of prescription data. All requests for data or analyses must be approved by the DHS External Request Evaluation Committee. This information is used to inform current usage of reimbursed drugs as well as budget impact of new drugs. There are examples of successful attempts of getting access to 100% of prescription data for special populations. Moreover Medicare services data such as blood test and scans is also collected but not linked up with prescription data. Obtaining prescription data in Australia is not uncommon, however a rigorous process needs to be navigated and therefore people often use a TPV. Furthermore the possibility of linking Medicare services data with prescription data is exciting as it will provide possibilities for reducing uncertainty in health technology assessments with respect to health economic modelling and broader impact on health care budgets.

Activation and consensus control of a three-node server network cluster via hybrid approach

We consider the management problem for a cluster of three identical servers treating an external service request. We assume that each server has a constant computational speed and we build a deterministic hybrid dynamical model of the overall system. Then, inspired by consensus theory, we propose a centralized control law distributing the computational load among the servers and deciding when to switch on or off each server, for energy efficiency, while ensuring that the queue of each server asymptotically converges to a desirable level. We formally prove the properties of the proposed law and highlight some interesting peculiarities in terms of non-uniform convergence. While we prove our results for the case of a constant request rate, we show the effectiveness of the proposed strategies by simulations in the more general cases of a time-varying request rate.

HRD관점에서 본 태권도장 지도자교육의 가치지향성연구

HRD system is used in organizations and business companies for efficient use of human resources. This research will study via HRD, about how the Taekwondo instructors recognize the value priorities by applying in-depth interviewing. After analyzing the grounds of this content, 3 parent topics and 8 sub-themes were obtained. First, ‘Value orientation of the instructors in terms of HRD’, followed sub-themes are ‘Value orientation of instructorship education through the recognition’ , ‘and Value that is a dilemma’ Second, ‘Instructorship education from the point of view of HRD’, followed sub-themes are ‘Instructorship education from the point of view of individual development’, ‘Instructorship education from the perspective of organizational development’, and ‘Instructors of education from the point of view of career development’. Third, ‘Current status of Instructorship education from the perspective of HRD’, followed sub-themes are ‘Problem with the kind of instructorship education’, ‘Training content instructors want’, and ‘Dissatisfaction with the Department of Taekwondo’. The number of people participating in the instructorship education to be eligible are adult instructors that guides learners in the field. Regardless of the external request or object that has been determined, the learner adult has a desire to know essentially the end.

Definitions and analysis of general thermodynamic parameters in cloud computing phase space

The cloud computing system is a high coupling system consisting of large number of nodes.By defining general thermodynamic parameters projected in phase space of cloud computing system,i.e.,physical quantities such as general normalized temperature,general absolute temperature,general normalized entropy,center of gravity,the analysis of cloud computing system can be changed into the phase space of thermodynamics system.Thermodynamic parameters in phase space of the cloud computing system reflect system's whole performance,and realize evaluations on external load request,load balance,and node parameter change.Meanwhile,the simulation experiment proves that this analytical method is helpful to analyze the cloud computing system.

Social Impact Measurement and Non-profit Organisations: Compliance, Resistance, and Promotion

Non-profit organisations are under increasing pressure to demonstrate their social impact. This paper examines the experience and behaviour of non-profit organisations in the UK in relation to a demand for social impact evaluations. External resource providers request organisations to present evidence on how resources are used and what organisations have achieved. While most organisations are willing to comply and accept this control, they can also resist through using their discretion in deciding what to measure, how to measure and what to report. Non-profit organisations can proactively and voluntarily use social impact measurement for learning and promotional purposes, and as a way of exerting control over their environment. The analysis develops the concept of strategic decoupling to explain the differences observed between what organisations are asked to do, what they plan to do and what they are doing in practice.

Mitigating e-mail requests in teenagers’ first and second language academic cyber-consultation

The study analyses teenagers’ e-mail requests during academic cyber-consultation, exploring how the performance of request modifiers is influenced by participants’ perceptions of the degree of imposition of the speech act and social distance with the recipient. A total of 295 e-mail requests, 145 produced by British English speakers (BES) and 150 performed by International English speakers (IES), were randomly selected from all the e-mail requests that International Baccalaureate students sent to their learning mentor between September and December 2011. They were analysed with regard to the use of internal and external request mitigators and participants’ judgments of the degree of request imposition and social distance with the e-mail recipient. Results of the study show that participants do not frequently rely on mitigators, but whenever they perceive the need to mitigate the request, pragmatic variation is observed between BES and IES. Thus, when the request is perceived as demanding, BES activate their pragmalinguistic knowledge and use a wider range of internal modifiers (both lexical and syntactic). In contrast, IES seem to lack pragmalinguistic knowledge to soften the request. Finally, although teenagers do not perceive their relationship with their learning mentor as one of +social distance, BES and IES show variation in their choice of form of address. Findings from the study suggest the need to incorporate training on e-mail politeness in future pragmatics-based pedagogical interventions.

Optimizing Procurement Decisions in Networked Virtual Enterprises

A virtual enterprise is an ad hoc coalition of independent business entities who collaborate on the manufacturing of complex products in a networked environment. This collaboration is enabled by the concept of a transaction, a mechanism with which members acquire necessary components from other members. An external procurement request submitted to the enterprise launches a tree-structured series of transactions among its members (similar to supply chains). Each such transaction is associated with a purchase price, but also with a risk of failure. That members have the option to procure components from different co-members, each charging its individual price and posing its specific risk, raises challenging optimization problems related to the fulfillment of business objectives. This paper defines a transaction model for virtual enterprises, with formal concepts such as price, risk, and business objectives. The Decision Guidance Query Language (DGQL) is presented, a language for modeling and solving optimization problems in a database setting, and shows how DGQL can provide intuitive and efficient solutions to the optimization problems raised in the model. The model, the optimization programs, and the experimentation promote strong collaboration and common objectives among its members, and one in which collaboration is limited, with members retaining much of their autonomy and individual objectives.