External Obstacles Research Articles

Implementasi Program Kolega Sejati dalam Upaya Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Keluarga di Kota Bukittinggi

The purpose of writing this article is to analyze the implementation of the Kolega Sejati program to strengthen family-based character education in the community in the city of Bukittinggi. The study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. In the implementation of the Kolega Sejati program, it was found that there was a planning, implementation and evaluation process that overall had run optimally in terms of communication, bureaucratic structure, resources, and disposition. Internally, there is support from competent organizers, adequate infrastructure, and sufficient funds. Externally there is support in the form of collaboration with other parties, as well as support from the community. Internal obstacles are the organizers’ schedules which conflict with the main duties of the department, and external obstacles are weather obstacles and community support which is still uneven. The perceived impact of the Kolega Sejati program on strengthening family-based character education is the realization of the values of harmony, tolerance, piety, and a culture of healthy living

MODERNIZATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION LECTURE AT ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN CONTEMPORARY INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the modernization of Islamic education literature at state Islamic universities in North Sumatra, in relation to efforts to increase students’ Islamic knowledge. This research follows a qualitative method, with a case study approach. The results revealed that the use of literature in the lecture process in general does not fully use Islamic-based literature. This can be seen from the Islamic education sources included in the lecturer’s course plan. It is found that there are three main efforts to modernize Islamic literature in the Islamic Education Study Program of PTKIN North Sumatra, namely (1) regulation, (2) development and updating references, literature content, and Islamicizing literature, as well as increasing the ability of lecturers and students, (3) innovation or the use of technology. Opportunities for modernization in increasing the scientific treasures of PAI (Islamic Education) study program students can be seen from the motivation, competence, resources and cooperation established. But there are also obstacles, namely internal obstacles, related to the lack of competence, attitude and campus facilities. External obstacles are related to the influence of journal trends and the dominance of western science. This research has novelty in the form of recommendations for a list of Islamic education lectures that are relevant in the modern era, guidelines for writing teaching materials based on Islamic lectures, and initiation of the formation of Islamic lectures research centres in Islamic universities.

Peran External Relation PT KCI Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Corporate Image

The role of PT KCI's External Relations in efforts to improve its Corporate Image is important to provide a positive view of the public. This cannot be separated from how External Public Relations carries out its role with a managerial concept. This research aims to analyze the role of PT KCI's external public relations. This research uses the concept of Managerial roles. This research method uses qualitative methods, the data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this research found the role of External Relations in improving corporate image with expert communication experts, problem-solving process facilitators, communication facilitators and communication technicians. And the obstacles include internal and external obstacles, including operational problems, crisis communication, public and media perceptions, technological challenges, internal challenges, changes in government policy and social issues. The results of this analysis provide insight into the dynamics of the role of PT KCI's external public relations in efforts to improve its corporate image.

Unveiling Barriers and Challenges of AI Technology Integration in Education: Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions, Readiness and Anticipated Resistance

This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature concerning the extrinsic barriers that affect the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as ChatGPT, within the educational sphere. While previous studies have predominantly focused on intrinsic factors like teachers’ attitudes and beliefs, as well as the general benefits and drawbacks of AI in education, there has been limited investigation into how external obstacles, such as large class sizes, insufficient resources, slow internet connections, and outdated technology, affect this integration. The importance of this study lies in its assessment of whether these extrinsic barriers contribute to teachers' resistance to embracing AI technology. This study employs a quantitative method to explore this issue, using a questionnaire administered to thirteen (n=13) EFL instructors from the Department of English at Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria. The results derived from this study reveal that while participants recognised AI's potential to improve student learning and expressed confidence in its integration, they also identified extrinsic barriers such as technical complexity, inadequate training, limited resources, and large class sizes as critical factors contributing to their resistance to incorporating AI tools into their teaching practices. This research emphasises the necessity of addressing these external barriers to better align technological innovations with teachers' needs and readiness, thereby enhancing the effective integration of AI in education.

United We Stand? External Obstacles, Internal Tensions and Degenerative Trends in a Greek Media Cooperative

ABSTRACT Drawing on qualitative analysis through semi-structured interviews this study focuses on Greece’s most longstanding media cooperative documenting the challenges it has encountered during the past decade while operating in a highly disrupted and competitive media environment. Building on the degeneration and regeneration theses, which distinguish between cooperatives that either degenerate into capitalist businesses or rejuvenate their democratic values through hard work, this study explores the way this outlet navigated the obstacles it faced. The findings provide empirical evidence that upholding and revitalizing workplace democracy within a fiercely contested media ecosystem compounded by a decade-long economic crisis, is a constant struggle. What keeps journalists of this specific outlet investing in the cooperative model is a unique sense of professional freedom and personal growth that they experience as members of a worker owned outlet. These gains, intangible in nature yet extremely valuable, are instrumental in helping journalists overcome external challenges, reconcile internal tensions and keep the endeavor going. These insights highlight the dynamics of this specific cooperative and may not be universally applicable to all journalistic cooperatives. However, they provide valuable lessons for other worker-owned media operating in similar contexts. They also highlight emerging trends and suggest avenues for future research.

Pemberdayaan Pemuda Berbasis Masjid Di Desa Waru Jaya, Parung , Bogor, Jawa Barat

The Youth of the Mosque is an important organization for Muslims in Indonesia, playing a role in prospering the mosque through various religious, educational, and skill-building activities. In Waru Jaya Village, the PPID organization, together with IRMAS and IRMUS, in collaboration with Karang Taruna, runs various youth empowerment programs. These activities include regular training, weekly recitations, and annual events such as Tabligh Akbar and Sanlat. Despite facing various challenges, such as limited funding and lack of participation, strategic steps have been taken to address them, such as expanding donor relations and increasing youth involvement. Evaluations show success in the implementation of routine and social activities, although some programs were not implemented due to external obstacles. In conclusion, mosque-based youth empowerment in Waru Jaya Village has successfully increased skills and social involvement, although improvements in funding and participation are needed.

Development and Evaluation of a mHealth app - (ReMiT-MS app) for Rehabilitation of Individuals with Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis - A Mixed Methods, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial - Study Protocol

Background: Delaying or slowing functional loss is a valuable goal of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) rehabilitation. The mHealth app-based exercise rehabilitation intervention is expected to overcome barriers related to routine care of MS. Due to the ubiquitous presence of smartphones, they offer an excellent opportunity for remote monitoring, scheduled interaction with experts, and instruction for exercise in a home environment. Challenges in MS routine care include forgotten rehabilitation steps, limited access to local MS experts, and internal barriers such as low health literacy, mobility limitations, and fatigue, alongside external obstacles like service availability and transport costs. Objectives: To develop a mHealth app that is user-centered and context-specific for rehabilitation of MS symptoms, and to evaluate its clinical and cost effectiveness in individuals with RRMS. Methods: The proposed research will be conducted in two phases; the first phase (Phase 1a) will be focused on the development of mHealth app content (ReMiT-MS app trial I). The pilot phase (Phase 1b), where a prototype of the application will be designed, and its usability will be evaluated. Finally, in the second phase (Phase 2), the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the ReMiT-MS app for the rehabilitation of individuals with RRMS will be evaluated (ReMiT-MS app trial II). Conclusion: The findings of this proposed trial may provide a telerehabilitation platform for individuals with RRMS in a resource-limited setting and establish a low-cost healthcare delivery model. In addition, the results of this research work might open a new window in healthcare delivery in India and similar settings. Trial registration: CTRI/2022/09/045266 [Registered on 06/09/2022]

The implementation method of point cloud denoising filter based on KinectV2

Abstract In the process of collecting data from point clouds, some factors, such as precision equipment, operator experience, environmental conditions, as well as characteristic diffraction effects of electromagnetic waves, changes in surface characteristics of test objects, and the impact of integration processes, are involved data and records that may display some point noise in the data point cloud. In addition to noise caused by measurement errors, practical applications can be affected by external interference and obstacles, which causes deviating values in the data point cloud to differ from the measurement entity. A 3D scanner, represented by the depth of the camera, is used to collect data. To eliminate these noises and anomalies, it is necessary to filter the initial points of the cloud. In this article, we suggest using statistical filtering algorithms to perform statistical analysis on each point community, remove points that do not meet predetermined standards, and remove outliers. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, it is compared with other filtering algorithms. The experimental results show that the filter algorithm proposed in this thesis has better effects on outlier points and can obtain the general shape properties of the point cloud.

TALABALARDA CHET TILLARNI O‘RGANISH JARAYONIDA IRODA KUCHINING NAMOYON BO‘LISHI VA PSIXOLOGIK XUSUSIYATLARI

This article is about the lack of willpower of students, the fact that a person faces internal and external obstacles in the process of voluntary action, and that internal obstacles are characteristic of the person himself and his internal inclinations. The ability of a person to overcome his inner inclinations, control himself and rule over himself is called inner will. External obstacles are found in the surrounding reality. A person’s ability to overcome such external obstacles is called external will. Overcoming external obstacles (external will) and overcoming internal obstacles (internal will) are considered in volitional activity.

Educational proposal to address internal and external factors limiting access to financial credit in women-led enterprises, Cajamarca, Peru

Accessibility to financial credit for women-led enterprises is influenced by a set of internal and external factors. In this context, the principal objective of the study is to develop a educational proposal to address the internal and external factors limiting access to financial credit in companies led by women in Cajamarca, Peru. The study was non-experimental, transversal, of a basic type. The sample comprised 377 companies, the sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience and the technique was the survey. The results reflect the existence of predominant internal factors such as the lack of credit history (70%), the lack of documentation and required information (65%), the high levels of debt (65%) and the lack of financial education to access financing (60%); and, regarding external factors, the most predominant are the excess of requirements (84%), costs associated with maintaining an account (79%) and distrust in the financial system (62%) that make it difficult to take out financial credit. Ultimately, women entrepreneurs in Cajamarca face both internal and external obstacles that negatively impact their ability to access financing. Given this situation, a specific proposal has been developed aimed at overcoming these limitations.

STUDI LITERATUR: POPULARITAS DAN TINGKAT KEBERHASILAN ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING DI BERBAGAI NEGARA

This study aims to determine the popularity of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) methods and the success rates of countries adopting the ABC system. The research method used is a literature review. The main journal was used as a basis for comparison. The abstract is "Activity Based-Costing Around The World: Adoption, Implementation, Outcomes, and Criticism," supported by 20 other journals, both international and national. The most commonly used method in the supporting journals is the descriptive qualitative method. The study results show that the popularity of the ABC method is still dominated by Western (European) countries, which are generally developed countries. Meanwhile, in Asia and Africa, only a few companies implement the ABC method due to internal and external obstacles within the organization. On the other hand, some ABC-adopting countries, have different success rates in its implementation. This variation is generally caused by the availability of organizational resources, different levels of support from top management, and most commonly, insufficient understanding and knowledge about ABC.

Reactive bipedal balance: Coordinating compliance and stepping through virtual model imitation for enhanced stability

Compliance and step location adjustments are both important for robots to maintain balance when encountering external disturbances. Compared with controlling separately, unifying compliance with step location adjustments and integrating them into real-time pattern planning gets obvious advantages. However, the controllers’ models differ significantly from each other and from the dynamics of real position-controlled robots, compromising the stabilizing performance. In this paper, we propose a Virtual Model Imitation (VMI) strategy that unifies the controllers’ models and aligns them with actual robot dynamics. Based on this, a reactive pattern planning method is proposed which simultaneously coordinates compliance and step location adjusting strategies. The approach involves emulating the passive dynamic motion of a Linear Inverted Pendulum Model (LIPM) to enable the robot to respond to external disturbances with compliant motions automatically. Additionally, Zero Moment Point Intervened (ZI) estimation is employed to precisely determine the Center of Mass (CoM) state. Real-time optimization of step location is then conducted to stabilize the estimated CoM, actively responding to external disturbances. Importantly, the decision to adjust step location is quantitatively defined. To enhance efficiency, explicit solutions for both ZI Estimation and Step Location Optimization are provided to reduce computational costs. To validate our approach, we conducted simulations and experiments using the biped robot BHR-T, subjecting it to unexpected external pushes and obstacles during walking.

Social Work Advocacy: Towards a Trauma-Informed Model

AbstractAdvocating for rights is widely regarded as an integral part of social work education and a key component of social work interventions with people in poverty and other marginalized populations. Current research also indicates that poverty and marginalization are strongly associated with trauma. However, models of social work advocacy fail to acknowledge and account for the effects of past and present trauma on marginalized populations. Similarly, principles stemming from a trauma-informed perspective (TIP) typically do not address advocacy of rights. This separation maintains the traditional social work divide between internal struggles and external obstacles, as well as the distinct approaches used to facilitate change in each realm. Based on a presentation of the main models of social work advocacy in light of their consideration of trauma, this article proposes an integrative model: the trauma-informed active take-up advocacy model (TI-ATA). We conclude by discussing case study illustrations and the applications and limitations of the integrative TI-ATA model to the social work field.

Editorial: More Practical Gender Research is Needed in Higher Education Leadership and Management

This Editorial explores the challenges and barriers faced by women in leadership roles within higher education institutions using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. This Editorial investigates internal, external, and institutional obstacles hindering women's progression into leadership positions. Gender biases, socio-political traditions, cultural expectations, and institutional norms contribute to the under-representation of women in leadership roles. Additionally, internal factors such as lack of confidence and fear of failure further impede career advancement. Despite these challenges, the editorial highlights the pivotal role of women in shaping leadership standards and underscores the transformative impact of diverse leadership teams. The Editorial advocates for pragmatic scholarly approaches to considering achievement of equal opportunities for women in leadership, emphasising education, progressive workplace policies, mentorship programs, and cultural shifts. By embracing an approach nested in the macro-, meso-, and micro-level environments, a more holistic approach to research aimed at fostering innovative scholarly advancement is encouraged.

The Studies of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Cultures of Southern Siberia by Chinese Archaeologists in the First Half of the 20<sup>th</sup> Century

Purpose. The article present the study of the cultures of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Southern Siberia by Chinese archaeologists in the first half of the 20th century and gives historiographical review of this study. The date of liberation, namely 1949, is an obvious chronological reference point for Chinese history and for the scientific development of China as well. But as for studying of Siberian cultures of Bronze and Early Iron ages in the 1950s, Chinese archaeologists simply continued previous tendencies. During this decade there was a quantitative increase in publications and even the first direct contacts were made, but external political obstacles prevented the transition of research to a higher level of quality.Results. We can state now that only the materials of Yinxu at Anyang were used by Chinese scholars for comparative analysis with Bronze Age finds from Southern Siberia. Consequently, in our investigation we address the period from 1920s to 1950s as one historiographical stage.Conclusion Nevertheless, it was in the 1950s that the foundation was laid for the subsequent rapid growth of scientific interaction in the field of archeology in general and in the study of the paleometal age of Southern Siberia in particular. The period of active research began in the late 1970s and early 1980s and continues to the present day.

Supervisory Performance Approach in Improving the Professional Competence of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Madrasah Aliyah, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia

Purpose: This research aims to investigate Islamic Education supervisors' performance in enhancing teachers' professionalism in Madrasah Aliyah in the Gorontalo Province. Methods: Employing a qualitative approach, this descriptive-analytic study involves 72 teachers and 8 supervisors from 32 Madrasah Aliyah. Primary data are gathered through interviews, observations, and questionnaires, while secondary data are derived from official documents related to education in the region. Using the Interactive analysis model, the results indicate a significant improvement in the supervisors' performance, characterized by a harmonious, cooperative, and partnership-oriented approach with teachers. Result and Conclusion: The result of studies are that the performance of supervisors of Islamic Religious Education at Madrasah Aliyah in Gorontalo Province has experienced a significant increase. The supervision carried out is harmonious, cooperative, and prioritizes the concept of partnership with teachers. Supervisors not only act as superiors, but also as creative partners in providing guidance to teachers. An open attitude towards criticism and recognition of one's own shortcomings is a characteristic of the supervision approach carried out. The supervisory measures implemented to improve the professional competence of Islamic Religious Education teachers cover a number of aspects. Alignment of vision, mission and perception of implementation of supervision and Islamic religious education is the main focus. Creating a conducive work environment, building cooperation, guiding personnel, and increasing mutual commitment are also strategic steps in efforts to improve the quality of education. However, there are several internal and external obstacles that affect supervisory performance. Internal obstacles involve the awareness and responsibility of supervisors, professional abilities in supervision, and religious motivation which is still uneven. Meanwhile, external constraints involve teachers' attitudes towards supervision, differences in seniority, and welfare conditions that influence teaching performance. Supervisory facilities and infrastructure, unsupportive means of transportation, and lack of communication between parties are also inhibiting factors. Thus, it is necessary to take corrective steps and strategic planning to overcome these obstacles in order to increase the effectiveness of supervision and increase the professional competence of Islamic Religious Education teachers at Madrasah Aliyah in Gorontalo Province. Research Implications: The implications of this research underscore the need for improvement strategies and planning to enhance the effectiveness of Islamic Education supervision and the professionalism of teachers in Madrasah Aliyah in the Gorontalo Province. Originality/ Value: The results indicate a significant improvement in the supervisors' performance, characterized by a harmonious, cooperative, and partnership-oriented approach with teachers. Supervisory measures involve aligning visions and missions, creating a conducive working environment, building collaboration, and enhancing collective commitment. Internal and external constraints are identified as inhibiting factors that require remediation.

Enhancing Students Critical Thinking Skills through Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta

This research aims to: 1) Analyze the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Project in strengthening the critical thinking character of students; and 2) analyze the inhibiting factors in the implementation of the Pancasila Learner Profile Strengthening Project in strengthening the critical thinking character of students at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta. This research deploys a qualitative research approach with a case study method. The purposeful sampling technique is used in recruiting research participants, and the data collection strategy encompasses observations, interviews, and documentation. The data gathered is validated through triangulation techniques and multiple-source triangulation. The data gathered is analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s models of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study show: 1) the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) in strengthening the character of critical thinking is integrated with the use of project-based and problem-based learning methods in P5 comprehensive themes. The combination of learning from all themes can develop students’ skills in critical citizenship characteristics; and 2) P5 implementation, internal and external obstacles are miscommunications affecting coordination and implementation. These miscommunications are caused by various factors. Thus, increasing awareness and strong collaboration among each school element are crucial.

External defect immune high quality resonances in microwave topological ring resonator

Recently, topological ring resonators (TRRs) have emerged as a burgeoning platform for exploring the topological aspects of photonic systems and resonator dynamics. Integrating topology into cavity dynamics offers a new paradigm to unveil various fascinating phenomena, including backscattering immune wave propagation, unidirectional transmission, and reflection-free energy transport. With this background, we provide a scheme to achieve robust high Q resonances in a metal-based topological photonic crystal (TPC) exhibiting defect-immune spectral characteristics in the microwave frequency regime. Coupled with a ring resonator, our proposed topological platform demonstrates the excitation of high Q resonances in the range 230–540. Except for the resonances, a robust microwave transmission ( ∼0dB ) is observed in the investigated frequency regime 7.1–7.6 GHz depicting a minimal scattering loss even around the sharp corners of the ring resonator. Further, the topological robustness of the propagating microwave and the excited resonances are examined by introducing an external Si obstacle at the domain interface. Our study reveals a minimal transmission loss ( <7dB ) and negligible perturbation ( <8% ) in the Q factors when the Si barrier placed towards the input end of the straight topological waveguide. In addition, we have also demonstrated a novel way of exciting new resonances in the ring resonator that holds considerable promise for designing a TRR-based all-pass notch filter in the microwave regime.

Dispute Resolution on Overlapping Land Certificate Through Mediation Based on The Regulation of The Minister of Agrarian Affairs And Spatial Planning Number 11 Year 2016

This study has the purpose of examining and analyzing mediation efforts in resolving land ownership disputes at the Bekasi City Land Office. In addition, it also analyzes the legal protection for parties to land disputes based on the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning Number 11 of 2016. The research method used is normative juridical research method. The normative juridical research method is a legal analysis based on legal norms, principles, and doctrines. The results showed that the application of mediation in land ownership disputes at the Bekasi City Land Office has not been effective enough. In 2017-2020, the Bekasi City Land Office was only able to resolve disputes through mediation with a limited number of cases. This is due to external and internal obstacles experienced by the section for controlling and handling land disputes. In addition, legal protection in resolving land disputes at the Bekasi City Land Office is actually not enough to provide legal protection, because the results of the mediation carried out are still not optimal. Internal and external obstacles experienced, causing repressive legal protection has not been fulfilled for the parties to the dispute.

Kendala dalam Proses Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Balai Latihan Kerja Komunitas Pondok Pesantren Darul Makmur Sungai Cubadak

Job training is a community empowerment effort carried out by the government in order to shape people into workers who have competence and are ready to enter the world of work. In carrying out training, there will definitely be several obstacles that hinder the training process from running optimally. So research was conducted to determine the obstacles in community empowerment efforts at the Darul Makmur Sungai Cubadak Islamic Boarding School Community Job Training Center through job training. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The data collection techniques used were interview and documentation methods. The results of the research show that there are obstacles that hinder the community empowerment process at the Darul Makmur Sungai Cubadak Islamic Boarding School Community Work Training Center, consisting of internal obstacles and external obstacles.