Exterior Design Research Articles

The A-VEDAM Model For Approaching Vehicle Exterior Design

The exterior design of a vehicle is an important subjective factor in customer purchase decisions today, and it is critical that designs match customer lifestyles. This paper introduces A-VEDAM (Amasakalabs Vehicle Exterior design Approach Model), a model for approaching exterior design in a way that harmonizes the external form (profile) and color of the vehicle to meet the demands of the coming years. The development of the A-VEDAM focuses on the fact that more young women are getting drivers licenses and purchasing cars.

사용자 감성을 고려한 관광용 마차 형상 디자인 개발 사례연구

문화상품 및 체험기기 디자인에 있어 최종 사용자의 체험 감성 및 형상에 대한 감성은 중요한 비중을 차지한다. 하지만 지금까지 문화상품과 체험기기들은 일반적으로 전통적인 제작 방법을 사용하여 옛것을 그대로 재현하거나 디자이너, 제작자의 직관과 추정에 의존해 왔다. 본 사례 연구에서는 감성공학적 평가, 분석 기법과 디지털 방식의 현대 운송기기 디자인 프로세스를 문화 체험기기 디자인 개발에 적용하였다. 디자인 프로세스 각 세부 단계에서 인터넷을 활용한 전체형상 위주의 신속한 감성평가, 분석을 수행하고 이를 디자인 안들에 대한 품평에 활용함으로써, 사용자의 감성이 디자인 개발 각 단계에 반영될 수 있도록 하였다. 본 논문에서는 슬로시티(Cittaslow)로 지정된 신안 증도에서 사용될 관광용 마차에 대한 감성 디자인 프로세스 적용사례를 예시한다. In designing cultural product, end user experiences, feelings and satisfaction with form are one of the most important factors. However, the design processes of cultural product typically depend on traditional methods or intuitive, designer driven methods for generating and evaluating form concepts. We applied sensibility evaluation, analysis method and contemporary digital vehicle design process to cultural product. This paper describes the implementation process of internet based design support system that helps assess user's sensibilities of forms created in each stages of design process. The form focused sensibility evaluation approach provides designers with fast and various feedbacks about their design in each stage. Practical application for exterior design of tourist cart of slowcity(ciitaslow) Shinan was illustrated.

Interior aesthetics: an experience-focused approach for the design of brand-specific automotive identity

In this research, two objectives were pursued. Firstly, to develop an experience-focused approach to design, based on a framework for perceptual product experience, and, secondly, to test and verify the proposed methodology through an interior design study of the Hulme.F1 supercar. In the process, experience design criteria were developed, which served creative and evaluative purposes. The final design proposal was assessed by an external lead user group through a subjective qualitative-quantitative survey study. The evaluation suggested that targeted design intentions were successfully met with respect to visual product brand identity as well as visual-aesthetic coherence between interior and exterior design.

Colour scheme supporting technique based on hierarchical scene structure for exterior design of urban scenes in 3D

AbstractIn this article, we propose a method for supporting colour schemes for the exterior colour design of an urban scene in 3D and report on a user study for validating the proposed scheme. The realized simulator allows users to develop harmonized colouring schemes for an urban colour design in 3D with the selection of a dominant colour and subcolours automatically. The technical aspects include designing a colour scheming table based on a colour guideline, extracting the façade colour from an image collected from a real scene, and conducting colour scheming on a 3D scene. The proposed method enhances efficiency with respect to reducing processing cost as providing automatic colour scheme in 3D. In addition, the 3D simulator makes the proposed method interactive, which in turn increases the flexibility for manipulation of 3D simulated scenes by changing viewpoints by rotating, zooming, and navigating the simulator. The experimental results and a user study are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010.

유럽 집합주택의 입면 디자인 요소에 관한 연구 - 1980년대 이후 사례를 중심으로 -

In the late twentieth century, the multistory housing has become the most preferred housing type. Moreover, in multistory housing design, not only interior design but also exterior design, uniqueness and characteristic have been added as significant factors in design to break simplicity and uniformity. The purpose of this study is to understand the tendency of the elevation design in Europe and to suggest the idea for elevation design for domestic. Also, each elements of elevation were analyzed through classification and schematization which categorized by its own characteristic. Design elements can be classified into three categories. They are corresponding with inner spaces, emphasizing visual expression of exterior material and texture, and presenting aesthetic factors of building shape. Those are named as the Spatial Externalization, the Visual Expression, and the Expression of Building Shape. In this frame nineteen elevations of sixteen different cases were analysed. As a result of case studies, it is clear that elevation designs were not standardized and each cases has its own characteristics. Also it showed how the each design elements can be coordinated as a total design and how they expressed identities of each housing. This study could contribute to motivate diversifying the design of multistory housing.

도시주거의 발코니에서 나타나는 내부이용 및 외부표현 특성 - 고대부터 19세기 말까지의 동.서양 주거문화사적(文化史的) 고찰을 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to analyze the uses and exterior design of the balconies in urban housing from the ancient times to the 19th century. In doing so, the paper seeks to investigate the cultural identity of the balcony in urban housing. The results are as follow. First, in the urban housing the balcony space were made for protection from the heat, light and ventilation; gardening; views toward the streets, city, waterside, inner court, domain for men; breathing french air; watching ceremony, festivals and events; simple houseworks like drying, carpet cleaning and hair coloring; lever installation and fire escape. Second, as part of exterior design the typical projecting characteristic of the balconies was emphasized and they became an impotent decorative element. The monotonous facade changed to a lively design with a rhythmical sense. On the facade the effects of horizontal movement, symmetry or asymmetry from the main entrance, and the center-projection (rialto) were created. In the urban housing the balconies were used for cultural activities which supplement and enlarge the function of the interior space, and moreover the rich effects of the facade contributed to the creation of attractive urban landscape.

FACADE DESIGN IN REFURBISHED TRADITIONAL TIMBER HOUSES OF JAPAN FOCUSING ON ROOF SHAPE AND COMPOSITIONS OF EXTERIOR ELEMENTS

The aim of this study is to clarify characteristics of facade design in refurbished traditional Japanese timber houses, focusing on roof shape and exterior elements after refurbishing. Firstly, roof shape is analyzed according to frame construction system, surface materials, the relationship to outer structure and skylight. Secondly, analyzing arrangement of window and exterior design as "exterior element", 3 types of composition are pointed out. In conclusion, 10 types of facade design are pointed out, and their characteristics are clarified.

ANALYSIS OF FREQUENT WORDS USED IN TOWNSCAPE CONTROL STANDARDS

Making rules on urban design has become more important to sustain good townscape. This paper deals with townscape control standards which were made before Landscape Act was established. It is intended to identify what words are frequently used in townscape control standards, using morphological analysis and word frequency analysis, and why these words are extracted. These two analyses have extracted thirty words which are frequently used in townscape control standards. It has been found that three words, "Tsutomeru", "Hairyo" and "Chowa" reflect characteristics of autonomous townscape ordinance. From the results of dual scaling it is shown that "Tsutomeru" is correlated with townscape control standards on space use, and "Hairyo" and "Chowa" are correlated with townscape control standards on exterior design.

Exterior, Interior and Light Design

Exterior, Interior and Light Design

Flexible Design of Public Housing in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada

Public housing delivered in the Canadian Arctic has been ill-adapted to the social and cultural realities of Inuit communities and to northern climate. Inadequate consultation has resulted in dwellings that fails to adapt to the needs of growing families, impedes the ability of residents to engage in land-based activities, and is inappropriate for local climate. This paper examines how a user-led, flexible approach can help tailor the design of new public homes to the needs of the local housing authority and future occupants. Flexibility is incorporated into the pre-occupancy, post-occupancy and refurbishment stages of the units life-cycle, ensuring that they can be easily adapted over time. A menu of interior and exterior design components has been developed for selection by all stakeholders. The redevelopment of Widow's Row, in Iqaluit, Nunavut demonstrates how appropriate design can play a pivotal role in addressing the housing crisis.

THE CHANGES OF HOUSING MARKET AND INDUSTRIALIZED HOUSE IN THE 1990'S

The result of part 1 in this study is that the enterprises which adopted ‘agency system’ went well by developping pre-designed house.The purpose of part 2 is to clarify what happened to industrialized house during the changes housing market in the 1990's. The results are as follows:(1) Housing market had expanded from the 1980's, but has reduced from 1997.(2) The request for floor plans, interior and exterior design and equipments of industrialized house has been deversified. Therefore, the enterpises which adopted ‘direct system’ and sold customized house mainly went well while the enterpises which adopted ‘agency system’ did not. Therefore, they changed their sales-construction system from ‘agency system’ to ‘direct system’ in the early 2000's.

Modifying the degree of gloss in plastics using PVD

Today, plastic components with matt surfaces are setting new trends in the interior and exterior design of cars by supporting the high-quality visual impression that is considered to be important. The plasma coating technique PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) makes it possible to protect tools from wear and, in the meantime, even modify the degree of gloss.

"From over-sweet cake to wholemeal bread": the Home & Building years: New Zealand Architecture in the 1940s

In 1940, when Helen Gosset, writing for the New Zealand Home & Building, asked her readers to "[a]nalyze for a moment the intricate exterior design which meets one's eye from the streets of a modern city," she gave a vivid account of urban life of that decade:A complexity of motor wheels, iron girders, tall window - dotted buildings, flashing electric signs, vivid shop windows, traffic signals, and as a back drop for all this, the bustle of modern industry. These things make up the lives of moderns. Is it any wonder that they find a certain comfort in straight lines and the absence of ornament?

Knee Injuries in Restrained Car Drivers in German Road Traffic Accidents

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of knee injuries in real world car crashes in Germany. Restrained car drivers (RCD) were included in a medical and technical analysis to create a basis for preventive measures. Technical and medical data were collected at the scene, shortly after the crash. Two time periods (group A, 1985-1993; group B, 1995-2003) were compared focusing on knee injuries [abbreviated injury scale (AISKnee)]. Technical analysis included type of collision, impact angle, and relative velocity. Medical analysis included injury pattern and severity (AIS, maximum AIS). About 5,972 RCD were included in this study from a total of 22,804 victims involved in 16,563 crashes. In total, severe injuries (AISKnee 2/3) occurred in 1.2% (82 patients) of all RCD. The knee injury prevalence significantly decreased over time (group A vs. B, p < 0.0001). A so-called dashboard injury was registered in 5.8% (n = 5). The overall prevalence for knee injuries in RCD involved in road traffic accidents was low and decreased over time. Higher loads were necessary to cause ligamentous injuries of the knee than fractures in the knee region. Because direct impact caused most of the injuries, modifications of the interior and exterior design should reduce the incidence of these injuries. A dashboard injury was very rare.

Acoustic feedback of control elements in cars

Due to the complexity of modern car's on‐board systems, car manufacturers tend to use menu based user interfaces. These interfaces offer a relatively low number of control elements for a large number of functions. Optimization of both haptical and acoustical feedback of the remaining control elements can improve both acceptance and security of operation. Since cars nowadays are no longer sold simply as technical but as lifestyle products it is crucial for the success that the potential customer perceives every single aspect of the car to be valuable. Obvious examples are exterior design and material quality. Since the user interface of the car can be judged even before a test drive the feeling of buttons and switches is a key aspect. This work presents the results of a jury test which is part of an ongoing research project focused on acoustical feedback. Subjects were asked to judge both recordings of real control elements as well as synthesized signals which were presented on purpose‐built hardware. Based on the subjective results the recorded signals were analyzed in order to identify spectral features which correlate with the subject's responses.

Reading the Accidental Archive

This article examines the ephemeral rubbish of one middle‐class family in early twentieth‐century St. Louis, the interior and exterior design of their home, and the broader social and physical landscape they inhabited. The author treats this interrelated set of artifacts, lying in repose at varied scales, as evidence of ongoing transformations in urban public culture in the American city from the 1890s through the 1920s. While the middle class increasingly defined urban public culture through their social performance, civic participation, and commercial connectivity, a close reading of artifacts reveals tensions between their upward aspirations and limited means.

Sense of Place in Child Care Environments

The exterior design of existing preschool environments is evaluated in the context of contemporary writings by architects focusing on creating designs that nurture children’s emotions. Sense of place research is discussed in relation to young children’s experiences. Findings reveal that the majority of sites included in the study incorporated many physical design elements that create a sense of place for children in preschool environments, including small-scale structures, windows, landscaping, natural wall materials, and thresholds. Recommendations for administrators and directors planning and designing a new or remodeled preschool environment include incorporating features that reflect home-like environments with windows, thresholds, and landscaping.

수퍼요트의 외관 디자인 스타일에 관한 연구

본 연구는 길이가 23m를 넘는 수퍼요트를 대상으로 외관 디자인 요소와 그 특징을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 선박의 상부가 돛이 아닌 건축적 요소인 캐빈(cabin)으로 구성되고 장기간 원거리 항해를 위해 실내거주공간을 뚜렷하게 갖춘 모터요트를 중심으로 조사 분석하였다. 수퍼요트를 대상으로 선박 외관에 영향을 주는 선과 이에 관련된 디자인 요소를 분석하여 유형별로 특징을 도출하고 이와 관련된 외관 디자인 스타일을 연구함으로서 수퍼요트 외관 디자인을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하였다. This study is intended to investigate the superyacht exterior design style from the viewpoint of marine architectural design. Especially it is focused on the exterior profile design of superyachts. Superyachts are passenger vessels whose hull exceeds 24m. They are a kind of luxurious leisure ships. Marine architectural designer can contribute in the field of exterior and interior design of superyachts. In this study we analyze outboard profile of 32 superyachts and extract key design elements of exterior profiles. Those are sheer line, stem line, bow line, house line and windows.

Development of bumper and rocker systems

The ability to develop quality, cost effective, visually exciting and safety regulation compliant bumper and rocker trim systems is a crucial part of a successful vehicle exterior design and is a key factor in a vehicle’s exterior appearance

わが国戦前期の都市独立住宅における外部意匠の変容過程に関する一考察 : 「あめりか屋」の住宅作品の外部意匠を中心に

We analyzed the exterior design of 500 houses designed by Amerikaya housing company that contributed to a development of free-standing urban housing, appeared in the architectural magazines and female magazines in the time period from 1909 to 1943. Analysis points are: exterior wall (finish), roof (shape, material, incline) and window (shape, grille) of the entrance facade showed in the photographs and drawings in the magazines. Analyzing the exterior design allowed us to make the following conclusion. 1) In Meiji and Taisho era, there were three types of finish. In particular, 'wood siding on the first floor and plaster wall on the second floor' 'steep gabled roof' 'square grill in the window' were typical. 2) In early Showa era, particularly after 1932, 'Plaster finish' 'Gently inclined gabled and hipped roof with Spanish tile' were typical. This shift from the former (1909 to 1925) to the latter (1922 to 1940) matched with the styles from Bungalow to Spanish. Both styles were brought from the United States. This study clarified strong influence of American housing on the development of Western style modern urban detached houses in Japan.