Extent Of Deflection Research Articles

Is temporomandibular joint involvement more frequent in patients with epilepsy? A clinical study

Statement of problemEpileptic seizures may affect the stomatognathic system via transmission of an increased load to the dentition and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), resulting in temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). PurposeThe purpose of this clinical study was to assess whether TMD was more prevalent in patients with epilepsy than in those without epilepsy. Material and methodsA total of 107 participants diagnosed with epilepsy and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Those with epilepsy were divided according to their dental manageability into 3 subgroups: mild group, moderate group, and severe group. Following general, dental, and TMJ-related history, the range of maximal mouth opening (MMO), laterotrusion, possible deviation and deflection, and presence of crepitation and clicking was recorded, as suggested by the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular diseases (DC/TMD). Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was also measured by using a pressure algometer on 3 points bilaterally. ResultsIncidence of TMJ complaints was not significantly different between the control (30%) and the group diagnosed with epilepsy (33%); however, the number of complaints experienced was significantly higher in the epilepsy group (C: 3%, E: 16% had 3 or more complaints; P<.001). Joint clicking was significantly more prevalent in the entire epilepsy group (P=.012) and in the mild group (P=.004) than in controls. Crepitation and joint pain were not significantly more common in the epilepsy group. Maximal mouth opening, laterotrusion, and the ratio of restricted mouth opening did not differ significantly in the epilepsy group. Deflection occurred significantly more often in the epilepsy subgroups (mild and moderate groups; P<.001), and the extent of deflection was also significantly higher in all the epilepsy subgroups (P<.001) than in controls. Regarding the pressure pain threshold, significant difference was observed in the severe group at the left masseter muscle points M1 (P=.046) and M2 (P=.028) compared with controls. ConclusionsAll parameters typical of TMD could be found frequently in patients with epilepsy. Because of the seizures and the consequent joint overload, the TMJ involvement was more common or more serious in those diagnosed with epilepsy. Outcomes of this study support the assumption that epilepsy is a risk factor for the development of TMD.

Association between constitution, axiography, analysis of dental casts, and postural control in women aged between 41 and 50\xa0years

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anamnestic, axiographic and occlusal parameters and postural control in healthy women aged between 41 and 50 years.Materials and methodsA total of 100 female participants aged between 41 and 50 (45.12 ± 2.96) years participated in the study. In addition to completing a general anamnesis questionnaire, lower jaw movements were measured axiographically, dental occlusion parameters were determined using a model analysis and postural parameters were recorded using a pressure measurement platform. The significance level was 5%.ResultsAn increasing weight and a rising BMI lead to a weight shifted from the rearfoot (p ≤ 0.01/0.04) to the forefoot (p ≤ 0.01/0.02). A limited laterotrusion on the right resulted in a lower forefoot load and an increased rearfoot load (p ≤ 0.01). Laterotrusion to the left (extended above the standard) showed a lower frontal sway (p ≤ 0.02) and a reduced elliptical area, height and width (p ≤ 0.01, 0.02, 0.03). Thus, the extent of deviation correlated with reduced right forefoot loading (p ≤ 0.03) and the extent of deflection correlated with increased left foot loading (p ≤ 0.01). The higher the extent of angle class II malocclusion, the larger the ellipse area (p ≤ 0.04) and the ellipse height (p ≤ 0.02) resulted.ConclusionsThere is a connection between weight, BMI and laterotrusion, as well as between angle class II malocclusion and postural control in women aged between 41 and 50 years. Interdisciplinary functional examinations of mandibular movements treating possible limitations can be conducive for an improvement of postural control.Clinical relevanceAngle class II malocclusion has a negative influence on postural control.

Deflection Analysis of Different Needle Designs for Prostate Biopsy and Focal Therapy.

The biopsy needles currently used were designed for a transrectal biopsy and are known to experience significant deflection from the point of entry into the gland to the needle tip. Five designs were selected for testing: 18-gauge Bard, 15-gauge lancet tip needle with 12° vet-point cannula, and trocar tip needle with 12°, 15°, and 20° vet-point cannulas. The 15-gauge needle was designed to take a variable specimen sample between 20 and 60 mm, whereas the Bard needle specimen bed was fixed at 20 mm. The needles were bench tested on a spring-loaded platform and fired into gelatin matrix with modulus of elasticity similar to human prostate. The Bard device with lancet tip needle deflected an average of 0.9 mm (range 0.3-1.3 mm) and 1.9° (range 0.6°-2.8°). Increasing needle diameter from 18-gauge Bard to 15-gauge variable with the same lancet tip needle design resulted in an average deflection across the 3 test lengths of 0.9 mm (range 0-2.0 mm) and 0.9° (range 0°-2.0°) with no significant difference. On the contrary, the use of the 3-point trocar tip needles with 12°, 15°, and 20° vet-point cannulas demonstrated significant reduction in the extent of deflection in both millimeters and degrees. There was no deflection at the 2- and 4-cm shots for both spring loads and preloads for the 3 vet tip angles tested. At 6 cm, the 20° vet tip performed the best. We proposed a mechanism that provides more accurate prostate sampling by combining a 3-point trocar tip on the needle with a 20° vet tip on the cutting cannula. Using the phantom, mimicking prostate gland tissue density, no deflection was revealed between 20- and 60-mm biopsy lengths, which should permit a straight sample in the majority of prostate glands and improve cancer localization for focal therapy planning.

Extension Mechanism Research of Vertical Hydraulic Fracture Cross Sand-Mudstone Interface

Propagation characteristics of crack cross different elastic material interface is important to hydrodynamic fracture of control technology .It makes the specimens of rock and similar materials including interfacial layer to do theItype crack through three-point bending experiments. The text shows that the crack occurred deflection through the interface. Based on damage mechanics, establish the plasticity damage model to describe the sand-mudstone damage behavior. Using the numerical solution technology to simulate the loading cracking process, the experimental and numerical simulation results are in good agreement. The main reason causing the fracture deflection is that the difference of sand-mudstone mechanics of materials property results in interface shear stress increasing, and result in the Itype crack expand transform to the I-IImixed type mode crack. TheII type shear crack makes the crack lateral spreading on the interface. Finally, leading to fracture deflection, the extent of deflection is associated with materials properties of mudstone, Shale content is more low, the deflection is more weak, and vice versa. It is important significance to controlling hydro-fracturing fracture extension.

Microfluidic devices in superconducting magnets: on-chip free-flow diamagnetophoresis of polymer particles and bubbles

Superconducting magnets enable the study of high magnetic fields on materials and objects, for example in material synthesis, self-assembly or levitation experiments. The setups employed often lack in precise spatial control of the object of interest within the bore of the magnet. Microfluidic technology enables accurate manipulation of fluidic surroundings and we have investigated the integration of microfluidic devices into superconducting magnets to enable controlled studies of objects in high magnetic fields. Polymeric microparticles similar in size to biological cells were manipulated via diamagnetic repulsion. The particles were suspended in an aqueous paramagnetic medium of manganese (II) chloride and pumped into a microfluidic chip, where they were repelled in continuous flow by the high magnetic field. The extent of deflection was studied as a function of increasing (1) particle size, (2) paramagnetic salt concentration, and (3) magnetic field strength. Optimizing these parameters allowed for the spatial separation of two particle populations via on-chip free-flow diamagnetophoresis. Finally, preliminary findings on the repulsion of air bubbles are shown.

The importance of particle type selection and temperature control for on-chip free-flow magnetophoresis

Free-flow magnetophoresis is becoming a popular technique for the separation and manipulation of magnetic particles and materials in microsystems. A wide variety of magnetic particles are commercially available that differ greatly in size and in magnetic properties. To investigate the suitability of different particle types for magnetophoretic operations in microfluidic devices, we compared a range of particles from three manufacturers by pumping them through a microfluidic separation chamber and deflecting them from the direction of laminar flow by applying an external magnetic field. The on-chip deflection of particles was compared to data provided by the manufacturers and magnetisation data obtained from vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. Additionally, the extent of deflection was examined over a range of temperatures. Deflection distances were found to increase significantly with increasing temperature. Further to this, a separation of 2.8 and 1.0 μm magnetic particles was performed at different temperatures. Separation resolution was found to improve at higher temperatures. Hence, temperature manipulation provides a simple and effective means for improving a magnetic separation or for controlling the angle at which a particle is deflected from its hydrodynamic flow path.

Do bearing magnets affect the extent of deflection in clock-shifted homing pigeons?

When released after clock-shift, homing pigeons fail to orient towards the home direction but display a consistent deflection of their initial orientation due to the difference between the real sun azimuth and the computed azimuth according to the subjective time of each single bird. It has been reported that the size of the observed deflection is frequently smaller than expected and a discussion on the possible factors affecting the size of deflection has emerged. Some authors have proposed that the major factor in reducing the deflection after clock-shift is the simultaneous use of both the magnetic and the sun compasses, giving true and erroneous information, respectively, about the home direction. Therefore, a magnetic disturbance, by impeding the use of the geomagnetic information in determining the home direction, is presumed to increase the size of the deflection up to the levels of the expectation. To test this hypothesis, we released three groups of clock-shifted birds from unfamiliar locations (unmanipulated pigeons, pigeons bearing magnets on their head, and pigeons bearing magnets on their back) together with a group of unshifted control birds. As no difference in the orientation of the three groups emerged, we were not able to confirm the hypothesis of the role of the magnetic compass in reducing the expected deflection after clock-shift.