Extent Of Corporate Social Responsibility Research Articles

The Impact of Corporate Governance and Ownership Structure on The Level Of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure of Listed Manufacturing Companies on The Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange – Vietnam

Purpose: The study has provided an overview of the theoretical foundation and empirical evidence on the impact of corporate governance on the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure among listed manufacturing companies on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange in 2021, utilizing secondary data from 118 manufacturing firms. Theoretical framework: In accordance with Agency Theory, the Separation of Ownership and Management, and the Stakeholder Theory, this study aims to investigate the influence of corporate governance characteristics on the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the manufacturing sector. Results and conclusion: The quantitative research model is constructed with five corporate governance factors and one control variable related to company characteristics, including the board size, the proportion of female members in the board, the proportion of independent board members, the foreign ownership ratio, the state ownership ratio, and the company size. The results from the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis indicate that the majority of the corporate governance variables are correlated with the level of CSR disclosure, except for the proportion of independent board members. Research implications: The study suggests managerial implications to help businesses recognize the importance of corporate governance in CSR disclosure, aiming to enhance reputation and attract investments. Originality/value: Additionally, the results also demonstrate that company-specific factors, such as company size and financial leverage, significantly impact the company's profitability.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA

This research aims to partially and simultaneously determine the influence of the Audit Committee and Profitability on the extent of the Committee's disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This research uses a quantitative method approach with statistical testing. The samples used in this research were 25 energy and raw materials sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique used uses panel data regression. This research empirically proves that the Audit Committee and Profitability influence the extent of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, both partially and simultaneously.

Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Gender Diversity terhadap Luas Pengungkapan CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)

Company activities not only have positive impacts but also negative impacts, one of the negative impacts is pollution and damage to the surrounding environment. This research aims to analyze the influence of profitability and gender diversity on the extent of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure in energy and basic sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. CSR disclosure is the dependent variable in this research which is measured based on the 2016 GRI Standard index. The independent variables used in this research are Profitability (ROA and NPM) and gender diversity. Sampling used purposive sampling with a total of 77 data samples. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression with SPSS 25 software. The research results show that NPM has a positive effect on the extent of CSR disclosure, gender diversity has a negative effect on the extent of CSR disclosure, and ROA has no effect on CSR disclosure.

The influence of ownership structure on the extent of CSR reporting: An emerging market study

AbstractTo examine how different ownership structures, varying from diverse ownership bases to narrow ownership bases, influence the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting by companies in emerging market. The motivation for this study is the reported inconsistent results for this association in developing countries and the lack of research in emerging markets. Eight hundred observations of 80 nonfinancial sector listed companies in the Amman Stock Exchange for the period 2006 to 2015 were used for a content analysis to assess the extent of CSR reporting. Ordinary least square multiple regression analysis was undertaken to examine the association between five different ownership structures and their extent of CSR reporting. The results reveal three separate associations between the types of ownership and the extent of CSR reporting. First, the two types of ownership (foreign and government) have a significant and positive influence on the extent of CSR reporting. Second, another two types of ownership (Family and managerial) have a significantly negative association. Finally, institutional ownership has an insignificant and negligible influence on the extent of CSR reporting. These findings provide insights into how ownership structure influences the CSR reporting extent by emerging market companies such as Jordan. These findings suggest that policy makers, regulatory bodies, companies, and investors should increase their awareness about how different concentration of company ownership influences the extent companies voluntarily disclose CSR reporting. The evidence adds to the limited body of knowledge about different ownership groups' influence on the extent of CSR reporting in a developing country because few empirical studies have undertaken such a comprehensive analysis of this association.

Corporate governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibility disclosure: evidence from an emerging market

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms, namely, board independence, board size and gender diversity, and the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure for companies listed on the Saudi stock exchange.Design/methodology/approachData has been extracted from the annual reports of a sample of 67 companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange during the period 2014–2019. Three panel data techniques have been used to investigate the association between governance variables and the extent of CSR disclosures after statistically controlling the effects of the size, leverage and profitability of the companies.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that board independence and board size have positive and significant associations with the extent of CSR disclosures. However, the study finds that the percentage of female representation on the board has a positive effect on the extent of CSR disclosure, but that this effect is not statistically significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study are limited to the context in which the study was conducted, which is the Saudi stock exchange during the period 2014–2019, and then the generalization of the results may be limited to listed companies operating in a similar social and economic context. Also, the data sources in this study were limited to the annual reports of companies only.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide some indications for policymakers in Saudi Arabia to take what is necessary to promote corporate governance mechanisms and, therefore, enhance CSR practices.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on CSR by providing empirical evidence on the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the extent of CSR disclosure from one of the developing countries, which is Saudi Arabia.

Antecedents of corporate social responsibility disclosure: evidence from the UK extractive and retail sector

PurposeThis study aims to examine the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure among the UK extractive and retail sectors and consequently ascertain whether corporate board characteristics and firm characteristics can explain observable differences in the extent of CSR disclosure.Design/methodology/approachBased on the KPMG survey 2017, the sample comprises all the firms in the extractive industries, such as mining and oil and gas and also retail industries, such as food and drug retailers and general retailers for the sample period of 2005 to 2018.FindingsThe findings show that the level of CSR disclosure from extractive sector is much higher than that of their counterparts in retail sector. In addition, the multiple regression results show that CSR disclosure is positively and significantly associated with board gender diversity, board independence, board size. Nevertheless, the results show that board meetings and Chief Executive Officer duality do not have a significant impact on CSR disclosure.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature on CSR in that it advances the understanding of the interaction between governance mechanisms and specific firm characteristics of two distinct sectors of the UK economy and how this in turn influences the CSR in the two sectors.

THE EFFECT OF CHARACTERISTICS GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON AREA OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the characteristics of good corporate governance on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The population is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2020 and a sample of 87 (eighty seven) companies using purposive sampling technique in sampling. The technique of collecting data for this research is from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website, namely www.idx.co.id, company websites and various sources that are relevant to the research topic. Hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression, t test (partial test), F test (simultaneous test), and the coefficient of determination test. The results showed that partially the board of commissioners variable, auditor variable, and public share ownership variable had no effect on the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure, while the audit committee variable affected the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. The test results based on the simultaneous test show that the variable of the board of commissioners, the variable of the audit committee, the variable of the auditor, and the variable of the public stock have no effect on the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. Keywords: CSR, characteristics, good corporate governance, manufacturing companies, BEI

Corporate social responsibility reporting of agriculture companies: evidence from Indonesia

This research investigates the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting of agriculture companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Specifically, this research attempts to compare the level of CSR reporting before and after the issuance of The Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisory Agency (Bapepam LK) Regulation No X.K.6 in 2012 related to the content of CSR disclosure in the corporate annual report. This research also examines company characteristics, which may influence the extent of corporate CSR reporting, namely, profitability and firms size. The annual report of 12 agriculture companies for three years (2011 to 2013) was used as a sample. The CSR reporting level was analyzed using content analysis based on an index under the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G3 sustainability framework. The index consists of voluntary and mandatory disclosure under the X.K.6 regulation. The paired-sample t-test indicates that the CSR disclosure level increased in 2012, immediately after the regulation issuance (significant at 5 per cent level). When this study categorizes the disclosure into mandatory and voluntary, the results suggest that both disclosures after the new rule are greater than those before the rule comes. These results indicate that the new rule’s issuance imposes companies to do more CSR activities, thereby improving the company’s annual report’s disclosure level. In terms of factors influencing CSR reporting, size positively influence CSR reporting in the agriculture industry. The result indicates that the larger the firm, the more resources available for the firm to do CSR activities reported in the company annual report.

Corporate governance and CSR disclosure: evidence from European financial institutions

The present work aimed to empirically examine the association between corporate governance mechanisms and the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in European financial institutions. The corporate governance variables, particularly board size, board independence, the proportion of female directors, chief executive officer (CEO) duality, ownership concentration and CEO ownership, were used. The sample of this empirical research consisted of 115 financial institutions belonging to 12 European countries from 2007 to 2017, and panel data regression was used for analysis. The results indicate that board size, board independence, the proportion of female directors and the CEO ownership have positive associations with the extent of CSR disclosure, while CEO duality and ownership concentration have no significant associations with the extent of CSR disclosure. This study is important due to following reasons: First, it focused on the financial sector which is often excluded from CSR studies due to its specific legal regulations and its little environmental impact. Second, this study provides empirical evidence that some governance mechanisms are important determinants of CSR disclosure in the financial sector. Third, it uses the environmental, social and governance score, which has not been widely used in CSR studies, especially in financial institutions. Finally, the research states the crucial implications for the financial sector and regulatory bodies.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) website disclosures: empirical evidence from the German banking industry

PurposeContent analysis was used to examine the CSR disclosures of 78 bank websites based on four categories: environment and energy, human resources, customers and products and community involvement. Furthermore, sample units were grouped according to their characteristics, and nonparametric tests were employed to determine significant differences between these groups.Design/methodology/approachThis study (1) examines the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on bank websites and (2) analyzes the relationship between online CSR disclosure and bank characteristics (i.e. size, profitability, capital market orientation, government ownership, media visibility and bank category).FindingsThe results reveal that the most-disclosed (least-disclosed) CSR information by banks relates to customers and products (environment and energy). Moreover, characteristics such as size, capital market orientation, government-ownership and media visibility are significant in explaining CSR website disclosures, while profitability (bank category) is not (only partially) significant.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the sample constitutes all the relevant banks in Germany, it is small and limited to a single national context. Thus, the results may not be generalizable.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the relatively scarce literature concerning CSR disclosures on banks' websites, provides new empirical data and extends prior research that compares CSR practices among different types of banks. Recommendations for action are also formulated that are relevant for banking practitioners in the present and future.

Factors influencing corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) by Libyan state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

This paper examines the relationship between selected firm-specific variables and the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures by Libyan state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The initi...

The effects of board size and board composition on CSR disclosure: a study of banking sectors in Bangladesh

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a profound understanding of the nature and extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the annual report by the listed banking sectors in Bangladesh for examining the effect of board size and board composition on CSR disclosure.Design/methodology/approachThe sample selected of all the 30 listed banks enlisted in the Dhaka Stock Exchange and the study used a content analysis approach. An ordinary least square regression model is fitted to the data for assessing the effect of independent variables on the total CSR disclosure score. An un-weighted approach has been used for this study.FindingsThe results of the study demonstrate that the extent of CSR disclosure of listed banks in Bangladesh varies from 11.11% to 73.33%, and on average, they report 45.37% and 43.44%, respectively. Moreover, the study observed a significant relationship between the proportion of female directors and CSR disclosure. Conversely, board size has been found no significant relationship with the CSR disclosure but the proportion of independent directors has been found a significant relationship with the CSR disclosure in the annual report by the listed banking sectors in Bangladesh.Social implicationsThe study is expected to get a maximum scenario of CSR disclosure of banking sectors in Bangladesh. Government and other regulatory bodies can also get full information concerning CSR disclosure practices for formulating guidelines in this regard. If the Government of Bangladesh implicates the policies that the banks are to nominate a required number of female directors to boards, the consideration of the significant number of female directors and their power will be able to protect the interests of different stakeholder groups notably.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the CSR literature as it presents empirical evidence of the effects of board size and board composition on the CSR disclosure of banking sectors in developing countries such as Bangladesh.

Nature and Extent of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Indian Banking Sector

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), are societal initiatives of an organization for the community welfare and development. The purpose of the present study is to highlight the corporate social responsibility disclosure of Indian banks for the financial year 2014-15 to 2016-17. The contribution of Indian banks in CSR initiatives has been observed in the form of development of the rural sector, the contribution in basic education, generating more employment opportunities, public healthcare, and sanitation, etc. CSR has been emerged as an important factor in facilitating sustainable growth and valuing the stakeholder and featured as a competitive edge in the banking sector over its rivals and improves the reputation. The results of the study highlighted the compounded CSR spent and sector-wise CSR contributions by the Indian banks during the period of study. A compounded downfall of 7.70 percent has been observed in the growth of the amount required to CSR spent. Simultaneously, the downfall of 8.39 percent in the actual CSR spent has also been recorded in the study. But on the other hand, the amount of CSR spent of all sample banks has been increased by a compound growth of 22.60 percent during the period of study. Besides, the growth analysis of “sector-wise” CSR spent reflected an increase in the compound growth of all sectors by 21.80 percent.

Factors influencing corporate social responsibility disclosures in Nepalese banks

PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between selected firm-specific variables and the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures made by Nepalese banks.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis approach of the banks' annual reports is applied using a CSR disclosure index based on the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines. The factors identified in this study – bank size, bank age and bank profitability – are analyzed against the extent of CSR disclosures in the Nepalese banks using multiple regression.FindingsThe main finding from the content analysis indicates that the extent of CSR disclosures made by Nepalese banks in their annual reports is mostly descriptive, with charity and donation being the most disclosed items. The main findings from the correlation and regression analyses show that there are positive and significant relationships between both bank size and profitability and the extent of CSR disclosures in the Nepalese banks, while bank age is a partial determinant.Originality/valueBanks have a significant role in the Nepalese economy. This study offers insights into the CSR disclosure practices of Nepalese banks, examines the potential factors affecting CSR disclosure and expands the pool of CSR knowledge in the developing country context, especially in the banking sector.

PENGARUH ELEMEN-ELEMEN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN KUALITAS AUDIT TERHADAP LUAS PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of elements of Corporate Governance (CG) on the extent of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure in banking companies listed on the IDX and identify the factors that influence companies to conduct disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The elements of Corporate Governance in this study consist of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, audit committee, board of commissioners size, independent board of commissioners and audit quality. The results of the hypothesis test indicate that the Corporate Governance (GCG) variable significantly influences the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on banking companies listed on the IDX. These results can be proven by the results of hypothesis testing which results in Corporate Governance criteria consisting of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, audit committee, board of commissioners, independent board of commissioners and audit quality simultaneously having a significant effect on the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the company banking registered on the IDX. While partially only institutional ownership and audit quality do not significantly influence the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the IDX.

Does the High or Low of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Affect Tax Avoidance?

Research aims: This research aimed to empirically prove the difference of the extent of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure towards tax avoidance. Design/Methodology/Approach: 38 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2017 were selected through purposive sampling. The analysis methods used were the independent t-test and the SPSS version 24. Research findings: The results showed that there was no difference between the companies with high CSR disclosures and those with the low ones towards tax avoidance. This indicates that despite the high and low disclosures, the companies’ CSR disclosures generate the same impact towards tax avoidance. Theoretical contribution/ Originality: This research has a novelty in the form of a comparison of CSR disclosures by companies and their impact on tax avoidance. Practitioner/Policy implication: Furthermore, the practical contribution to the government, especially the Directorate General of Taxes, is that CSR disclosure is used by companies to gain legitimacy from the public, especially investors. CSR disclosure is not for window dressing to avoid tax. Research limitation/Implication: The limitation in this study is the number of samples is less representative in representing the population. This is due to the small number of companies listed on the IDX in reporting and disclosing CSR in the sustainability report.

COMPANY CHARACTERISTICS ON THE CORPORATE SOCIAL REPORTING INDEX OF CORPORATE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE IN INDONESIAN PUBLIC COMPANIES

Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosure (CSED) is a form of reporting on the implementation of social and environmental responsibilities that must be included in the company's annual report. However, how extensive or how much information must be delivered is still voluntary. This paper attempts to examine the effect of earnings management, managerial ownership, profitability and firm size on corporate social and environment disclosure. The findings of this study reveal that earnings management, managerial ownership, company size and company profitability have a significant positive effect on the extent of corporate social responsibility and environmental disclosure. This finding encourages the government to stipulate regulations that explicitly and clearly regulate the practice and disclosure, and supervision of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in companies in Indonesia so that the practice and disclosure of CSR in Indonesia is increasing.Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosure, public companies, financial indicators.JEL Classification: E44, M14, Q56DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7990

Corporate social responsibility performance of small and medium enterprises in regional Japan: an empirical examination

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in regional Japan. It also aims to examine the impact of firm size, industry, CSR awareness, firm origin and firm’s strategic focus on CSR.Design/methodology/approachThe study measures the CSR performance using a CSR index and seven sub-indexes designed on the global CSR standard – ISO26000. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 146 firms. The indexes were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U tests.FindingsThe results indicate that CSR performance of firms in regional Japan is low across all main areas of CSR and is significantly lower in SMEs relative to large firms. Further, CSR performance of SMEs differs across various industries and firms established in the region display significantly lower CSR performance compared to their metropolitan counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsLittle research exists on the role SME’s play in improving CSR practices in Japan, especially regarding SMEs in regional areas. The findings highlight the need for improving CSR performance of SMEs and promoting the use of ISO26000 as a guiding tool for measuring CSR performance.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first papers that critically examine the CSR performance of SMEs in regional Japan. It highlights that despite the recent CSR boom and regulatory initiatives in Japan, CSR performance of SMEs in regional Japan remained low.

Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosures in insurance companies

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically examine the association between corporate governance and the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures in insurance companies, using archival data.Design/methodology/approachThe data set comprises 277 listed insurance company-years in Bangladesh for the period of 2008 to 2014. The authors have used a checklist to measure the extent of CSR disclosures. The checklist was developed based on the previous CSR literature. The study uses a multiple regression analysis technique to investigate the association between different governance variables, particularly managerial ownership, institutional ownership, board independence and the proportion of female directors, and the extent of CSR disclosures in Bangladeshi insurance companies.FindingsThe authors find that board independence and the proportion of female directors have positive associations with the extent of CSR disclosures. However, the results indicate that managerial ownership is negatively associated with the extent of CSR disclosures.Originality/valueUnlike most of the prior research that explored CSR disclosures in non-financial companies, the authors focus on financial companies, namely, insurance businesses. The authors provide empirical evidence using archival data that suggests that some governance mechanisms are important determinants of CSR disclosures in the insurance industry.

The nature and extent of corporate social responsibility disclosure in Tanzania

AbstractThe study determined the nature and extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures in the annual reports in Tanzania. The documentary analysis of the annual reports of 15 listed companies on the Dar Es Salam stock exchange market was undertaken from 2000 to 2014. The data were analysed using content analysis to determine the patterns and contents of information disclosed. The findings indicate that disclosure of CSR activities in the narrative section of the annual report is pleasing. Good reports disclosed social and environmental protection, education, health, and water supply to the stakeholders accompanied with monetary values. Other disclosures included contributions in sports and culture, empowerment of women and youth, community, employees, and human rights. However, some companies had unsystematic reporting and less monetary values to support their recipients. The study recommends the stock exchange and the accounting body to provide disclosure guidelines to improve the form and contents of reporting. Future research can be directed to other disclosure means such as websites, stand‐alone reports, and press releases of both listed and unlisted companies.