Extensive Hyperpigmentation Research Articles

Lamotrigine associated extensive hyperpigmentation: A case report and literature review.

Lamotrigine (LTG)-associated extensive hyperpigmentation is rare and may persist for a long time or even become permanent. LTG-associated cutaneous adverse reaction (CAR) manifests initially as mild maculopapular exanthema (MPE). The first step in CAR therapy is to immediately discontinue the offending LTG for predicting evolution to mild or severe forms not always possible. Here, we present a rare case of LTG-associated extensive hyperpigmentation for delaying the withdrawal of LTG. We describe the case of a female adolescent with a history of depression managed with LTG, who developed a mild MPE. Unfortunately, the patient did not discharge LTG after the occurrence of MPE until 20 days later. Then she developed a residual extensive hyperpigmentation in her trunk and extremities. After a series of physical examinations and retracing past medical history, she was diagnosed with LTG-associated extensive hyperpigmentation. The patient refused any treatment. Nine months later, there still existed residual hyperpigmentation in her trunk and extremities, and the range and color of hyperpigmentation have not changed significantly. This case suggests that LTG may cause not only MPE but also extensive hyperpigmentation. When a patient displays a mild MPE following the initiation of LTG in the outpatient clinic, LTG-associated CAR should not be overlooked as a diagnosis, and early withdrawal of LTG should be considered at first.

Systematic Review of Lichen Planus Pigmentosus in Children

Pediatric lichen planus (LP) is a relatively uncommon condition, with increased presentation in children with darkly pigmented skin. To understand the small subset of children with lichen planus (LP) manifesting as lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP), a form with thin plaques and extensive hyperpigmentation, generally in the absence of signs of inflammation Methods: This article is a systematic review of the English language literature for cases of lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) in children. Twenty-one cases were identified including 2 that were linear, 3 inverse types, 1 palmoplantar. In larger series, 2–2.8% of children with lichen planus are affected by this sub-variant. One patient had reported associated oral lesions. Oral and topical corticosteroids, topical tacrolimus, and ultraviolet light have been described as successful therapies. LPP is an uncommon but important variant of lichen planus in children. In the presence of dark hyperpigmentation of the skin, a biopsy can help identify LPP. Clinicians should be aware that LPP can follow four patterns: common, inverse, palmoplantar, and linear.J Drugs Dermatol. 2022;21(7):850-853. doi:10.36849/JDD.6760.

Extensive hyperpigmentation of the face in a Filipina

Extensive hyperpigmentation of the face in a Filipina

Imatinib-induced Extensive Hyperpigmentation in a Case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is well known to cause hypopigmentation because of its inhibitory effect on melanocytes. Herewith we report a case of chronic myeloid leukemia who developed extensive hyperpigmentation following imatinib therapy.

Extensive hyperpigmentation during pregnancy: a case report

IntroductionSkin hyperpigmentation is common during pregnancy and often is due to endocrinological changes. Usual patterns include linea nigra, darkening of areola and melasma. We report a rare diffused hyperpigmentation condition in a pregnant woman of dark colored skin.Case presentationA 19-year-old Tanzanian primigravida at 32 weeks gestation presented at our antenatal clinic concerned about an insidious but progressive onset of unusual darkening of her abdominal skin and both breasts. Her antenatal record was unremarkable except for this unusual onset of abnormal skin color. Findings from her physical examination were unremarkable, and she had a normal blood pressure of 120/70 mmHg. Her abdomen was distended with a uterine fundus of 34 weeks. Almost her entire abdominal skin had darkly colored diffuse deep hyperpigmentation extending cephalad from both iliac fossae to involve both breasts to 2-3 cm beyond the areolae circumferentially. She had a fetus in longitudinal lie and cephalic presentation, with a normal fetal heart rate of 140 beats per minute. Other examination findings were unremarkable. The impression at this stage was exaggerated pigmentation of pregnancy. No medical treatment was offered but she was counseled that she might need medical treatment after delivery. She progressed well and had spontaneous labor and normal delivery at 38 weeks gestation. She was lost to follow up.ConclusionUnusual pregnancy-related skin hyperpigmentation can occur with no adverse consequences to pregnancy, although may worry a pregnant woman. Reassurance and conservative management may be all that is required to allay a patient's concerns.

Genomic Regions Associated with Dermal Hyperpigmentation, Polydactyly and Other Morphological Traits in the Silkie Chicken

The Silkie chicken has been a model of melanoctye precursor and neural crest cell migration and proliferation in the developing embryo due to its extensive hyperpigmentation of dermal and connective tissues. Although previous studies have focused on the distribution and structure of the Silkie's pigment or the general mechanisms by which this phenotype presents itself, the causal genetic variants have not been identified. Classical breeding experiments have determined this trait to be controlled by 2 interacting genes, the sex-linked inhibitor of dermal melanin (Id) and autosomal fibromelanosis (Fm) genes. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-trait association analysis was used to detect genomic regions showing significant association with these pigmentation genes in 2 chicken mapping populations designed to segregate independently for Id and Fm. The SNP showing the highest association with Id was located at 72.3 Mb on chromosome Z and 10.3-13.1 Mb on chromosome 20 showed the highest association with Fm. Prior to this study, the linkage group to which Fm belonged was unknown. Although the primary focus of this study was to identify loci contributing to dermal pigmentation in the Silkie chicken, loci associated with various other morphological traits segregating in these populations were also detected. A single SNP in a highly conserved cis-regulatory region of Sonic Hedgehog was significantly associated with polydactyly (Po). Genomic regions in association with silkie feathering or hookless (h), feathered legs (Pti), vulture hock (V), rose comb (R), and duplex comb (D) were also identified.

Acquired Macular Pigmentation

<h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> A 59-year-old woman presented with a 20-year history of extensive hyperpigmentation of the upper trunk, neck, and extremities. The pigmentary changes began on the arms and legs, and then spread to involve other areas. Initially, the cutaneous changes were asymptomatic; pruritus developed in a generalized distribution several months prior to her presentation. She had a history of atopic dermatitis during childhood but no history of asthma or allergic rhinitis. On physical examination, the patient appeared to be in good general health. Extensive bilaterally symmetric reticulated macular hyperpigmentation was present on the extremities, the posterior and lateral aspects of the neck, and the upper chest and back, sparing the interscapular areas (Figs 1 and 2). Involvement was most prominent over the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs, where a few small papules were scattered over the pigmented areas. Diffuse xerosis of the extremities was present.