Extension Education Activities Research Articles

Penguatan Reorganisasi Eco Green Kantin Sehat dalam Pelayanan Pasca Pembelajaran Daring

SMPN 4 Depok is situated in an obesogenic environment. To address this issue, the school management and community service team are dedicated to implementing integrated activities, such as the eco-green healthy canteen. The objective of the community empowerment activity was to assist partners in organizing a healthy school canteen by providing educational media, socialization, and education to school residents. The stages of the activity consist of 1) Consolidation - collecting the needs and desires of school residents as well as the basis for planning canteen management at school; 2) Preparation of educational media: pocket book and education posters; 3) Socialization - informing school residents of the plan to organize a healthy canteen with the help of guidebooks and educational media. The consolidation stage activities resulted in an agreement between canteen traders and schools to sell safe, halal, healthy, and nutritious food. Additionally, they agreed to cooperate in waste management in the school canteen. The pocket book were given to food handlers as a guide to serve safe foods. Three health education posters were successfully displayed in strategic locations at the school. The socialization process successfully formed a support system from the school community to realize a healthy eco-green canteen. The implementation of the eco-green healthy canteen was successful due to the collaboration between partners and the service team. However, it is crucial to conduct extensive educational activities for school residents regarding the implementation of healthy canteens. Additionally, monitoring and evaluating the policies agreed upon by the school management and traders in the school is necessary.

Japan practices in the preservation of cultural heritage. Nara Research Center

The article deals with the history, structure and methods of work of the Nara Research Center, as well as the socio-cultural context of its establishment. Compared to many countries, the experience of preserving cultural heritage in Japan began to take shape relatively recently, but over the past period, original forms of working with heritage unique to Japan have been developed, which have expanded the world experience in this area. Familiarity with the Japanese experience can be useful for the Russian museum community and can contribute to the emergence of new forms in the domestic practice of dealing with heritage. One of the striking manifestations of the organization of cultural heritage conservation in Japan is the activity of the National Research Institute in Nara. There are currently no works in the domestic literature devoted to the analysis. Since the 50s of the 20th century, the Japanese government has actively begun to work in the field of preserving and protecting universal cultural values. The Nara National Research Institute is an excellent example of a government organization that is engaged in a wide range of work to preserve the country’s cultural assets, as well as scientific education and international activities. The work of the National Research Center is a striking example of a well-functioning system for the protection of cultural property operating in Japan at the state level. The competence of the center includes not only conducting excavations, but also analyzing the extracted materials, extensive educational, educational and international security activities. The data obtained during the research is carefully structured and digitized and will be made publicly available through several public databases created for a detailed study of issues related to archeology and related sciences.

Между террором и святостью: жизнь и судьба Ильи Бунакова-Фондаминского (1880–1942)

The article examines the life path of the Russian intellectual and politician Ilya Isidorovich Fondaminsky (1880–1942; literary and political pseudonym “Bunakov”). Coming from a Jewish merchant family, Fondaminsky was unable, due to the “Jewish quota”, to get a decent education in Russia and, after graduating from a private gymnasium, went to study philosophy and history at the Universities of Berlin and Heidelberg, where his professors were Kuno Fischer, Wilhelm Windelband, Heinrich Thode. After returning to Russia in 1904, he became one of the leaders of the Moscow committee of the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries, participated in the work of the Combat group, preparing terrorist acts, and during the December (1905) armed uprising in Moscow, purchased weapons at the personal expense. He was repeatedly arrested, and in 1907 went to the first emigration (1907–1917). After the February Revolution – he was one of the leaders of the Executive Committee of the Council of Peasant Deputies, the General Commissar of the Provisional Government in the Black Sea Fleet, from which he was elected a deputy of the Constituent Assembly. After the Bolshevik coup and the dispersal of the constituent assembly – a member of the “white” underground, and since 1919 again an emigrant. I.I. Fondaminsky became one of the central figures of the Russian post-revolutionary emigration in France: he published the journals “Modern Notes” and “Novy Grad”, conducted extensive cultural and educational activities, becoming increasingly interested in religious issues. During the German occupation of France, Fondaminsky received Orthodox baptism, but in 1942 he ended his earthly days together with his fellow Jews in the gas chamber of Hitler's Auschwitz-Oswenzim. In 2004. he, along with three other Russian ascetics-emigrants, was beatified by the Patriarchate of Constantinople of the Orthodox Church.

Healthy nutrition as a disease prevention factor: WHO Policy and National Experience (to mark the 75th anniversary of WHO in Ukraine)

In the context of the constant increase in the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases, the World Health Organization's (WHO) activities are aimed at developing policies and strategies in the field of non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention, which have been continuously evolving. The work is dedicated to examining the sequential policy of the WHO outlined in documents regarding the link between nutrition and the development of non-communicable diseases. The objective of this study is to identify the main stages of WHO's policy on healthy nutrition as a key prerequisite for preventing the development of non-communicable diseases and outline the corresponding measures in Ukraine. Materials and methods: informational, bibliographic, normative-legal. The study utilized systematic-structural, formal-logical, bibliographic, and non-forma­lized (traditional) analysis methods. An analysis of WHO's policy on healthy nutrition as a factor in preventing the development of chronic non-communicable diseases has been conducted. The key stages of policy development and decision-making at the global level over the past three decades have been identified. It has been determined that the evolution of the role of nutrition within WHO's policy has progressed from urging governments to develop national food policies and create national action plans in the 1990s to global strategies and actions that have taken place in the 21st century. The basic WHO documents regarding the link between nutrition and the development of chronic diseases have been examined, as well as the expansion of understanding the content and necessity of healthy nutrition. The implementation of WHO's policy in Ukraine has been highlighted: the "National Action Plan on Non-communicable Diseases to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030" (2018) has been developed and implemented, serving as a roadmap for the development of a series of guiding documents. The most important of these documents pertain to the organization and standards of healthy nutrition for children. However, the formation of a national regulatory and legal framework regarding healthy nutrition has not yet been completed. It has been determined that Ukraine needs to improve its policy on limiting the use of saturated fats, industrially produced trans fatty acids, and marketing unhealthy food and non-alcoholic beverages targeted at children. There is a need for extensive informational and educational activities to promote WHO's recommendations on healthy nutrition.

Improving Support Systems for Cocoa Farmers beyond Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus Disease Infestation

Cocoa swollen shoot virus disease (CSSVD) has severely hampered the production of cocoa in Ghana since pre-colonial days. The Ghana Cocoa Board has put several measures in place to support cocoa farmers in the fight against the CSSVD. This present study captures how the CSSVD affects cocoa farmers and the support systems for such situations. Using a survey design, the study employed the multi-stage sampling technique to select 413 cocoa farmers. A structured questionnaire was used to seek information from the cocoa farmers. A multiple linear regression model was estimated to analyse the data. The CSSVD affects the living standards of cocoa farmers through their economic wellbeing, thus, household income and assets accumulation. The social wellbeing of farmers is also affected by the CSSVD through their socio-cultural (participation in cooperatives and communal activities) and educational activities (participation in extension education activities). The implication is that the current support systems given to cocoa farmers after being affected by the CSSVD need to be strengthened, enhanced and made holistic to cover their economic and social wellbeing. Economic and social interventions aimed at increasing the resilience of cocoa farmers in the face of the CSSVD will be helpful in this direction.

License to educate: The role of national networks in colonial empires

Colonial Africa was shaped by a variety of European actors. Of foremost importance in the educational sector were both colonial governments and Christian mission societies. While their activities and long-term implications are often analyzed in isolation, few systematic studies investigate relationships between them. However, it is well-known that underfunded colonial governments supported mission societies, who used schools to attract new converts, as low-cost educational providers. In this paper, we argue that mission societies that shared national ties with colonial governments benefitted from increased support and engaged in more extensive educational activities. Using new historical data on Protestant mission societies from the interwar period in Africa, we demonstrate that national alignment between mission societies and colonizer’s identity in British Africa was associated with more primary schools and higher enrolment. We discuss and explore potential channels underlying this dynamic, including financial support for missionary activities as well as the granting of access to more favourable locations. Our findings show that national networks are an important but understudied aspect of colonial empires. Furthermore, analyzing the early expansion of education provides insights on the causal links often assumed by studies focused exclusively on long-term effects.

UFSC Interaction – companies granting internships to enhance teaching, research, extension and entrepreneurial education activities: diagnosing demands and opportunities in companies and institutions

UFSC Interaction – companies granting internships to enhance teaching, research, extension and entrepreneurial education activities: diagnosing demands and opportunities in companies and institutions

Promoting Chinese urban residents’ participation in source separation and recycling

Source separation and recycling (SSR) for municipal solid waste is an important strategy for the transition to a circular economy and requires broader resident participation. How can residents’ participation in SSR be promoted? Here, we consider 13 cities in Jiangsu as microcosms of China. We quantify residents’ intentions to participate in SSR by distributing a validated questionnaire to 2,963 urban residents, analyze the results through structural equation modeling, and propose localized policy recommendations. We find that residents have positive attitudes toward SSR, although 92.6% of residents in southern Jiangsu were more willing to participate than those in northern Jiangsu (84.6%). Additionally, the influencing factors and their degree of influence on resident SSR participation intentions exhibit disparities across cities. “Accessibility of SSR facilities” simultaneously affects the 13 studied cities and is a key factor. “Environmental knowledge” and “environmental attitudes” are important impact factors, with occurrence frequencies of 84.6% and 69.2%, respectively. However, laws and regulations have no significant effect on residents’ SSR participation intentions. We recommend that the government create favorable external conditions related to facilities and services, promote extensive publicity and educational activities through various channels, and improve the effectiveness of SSR laws and regulations. Future SSR management strategies should be localized, flexible and comprehensive. This research could help decision makers in China and other countries design policy guides to promote SSR and help link current research areas to social development.

Climate Change Challenges and Community-Led Development Strategies: Do They Fit Together in Fisheries Regions?

Coastal and terrestrial fisheries communities in Europe, often economically marginalised, are likely to face severe impacts as climate change becomes more acute. Although progress on climate mitigation and adaptation from national governments remains slow, local development actions can also address these impacts from the bottom up. In this paper we analyse the Fisheries and Sea Operational Programme 2014–2020 and 36 Local Development Strategies prepared within the framework of this programme for the case of Poland. The strategies, which were prepared by cross-sectoral, area-based partnerships known as Fisheries Local Action Groups, are analysed using a content analysis approach. The aim was to assess the degree to which local stakeholders sought to address the climate challenge. We found that the mitigation of climate impacts and the development of renewable energy did not feature prominently in the analysed documents, suggesting that both central policymakers and local stakeholders in Polish fisheries regions had a low level of awareness about the climate problem and their potentially important role in addressing it. Transformation to a post-carbon society undoubtedly requires additional, targeted support and extensive educational activities at the local level, in Poland and elsewhere.

Isfahan University of Technology (IUT): Towards a Green Campus Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development Initiatives at IUT

Today, many universities are trying to move towards sustainability by observing the principles of environment and green management. In this regard, the issue of green university has been considered by many countries in recent years, and many efforts have been made to join (UIGWURN (UI GreenMetric World University Rankings Network)). Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), as one of the top higher education universities in Iran, has taken fundamental steps to implement "Green Management" and has achieved honors in this regard. Some of the measures taken are extensive educational and research activities in the field of environment as well as executive measures for the university campus, including Xeriscaping, energy efficiency, clean energy use, water consumption management, waste and wastewater management, green buildings, and transportation. The implementation of these measures has led to significant results in reducing water and energy consumption, reduction of all types of pollutions following the use of clean energy, as well as saving consumption costs.

Potential and Scenarios of Variants of Thermo-Modernization of Single-Family Houses: An Example of the Lubuskie Voivodeship

The excessive air pollution in the Lubuskie Voivodeship and throughout Poland is a very serious problem. One of the main causes of poor air quality is low emission, which arises at a short distance from the ground (up to 40 m). The real reduction of low emission requires a series of measures. The most important of them, include replacement of non-ecological boilers heating single-family buildings, improvement of thermal insulation of outer building walls, development of public transport, limiting the movement of old, non-ecological cars, conducting extensive educational activities, economic support for the poorest families in pro-ecological activities, and development of district heating in urban areas. The issue of thermal modernization is also important from the point of view of ensuring an appropriate level of energy security in the social dimension. The article presents a scenario analysis of activities aimed at reducing low emission through economic support for thermal modernization of single-family houses in the Lubuskie Voivodeship in Poland. The results of the conducted research prove that it is possible to carry out thermal modernization of over 12% of all single-family buildings in the Lubuskie voivodeship, assuming that the co-financing would amount to 60% of the costs of such an investment. The analyses carried out in the article are closely related to low carbon development, and a significant part of emission of harmful substances into the air comes from heating single-family buildings in urban and rural areas.

Household Food Security: Case of Summer Crop Growers in Shoushtar Township, Iran

associated with this condition among summer crop growers in Shoushtar Township, Khouzestan Province, Iran. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2017. The population consisted of summer crop farmers in the Shoushtar Township (N=850). The sample size was determined based on Morgan table (n=150). For analyzing food security level, the 18-item USDA household food security questionnaire, which contains questions that underlie the 12-month food security scale in survey-instrument form, was used. The food security scale was developed based on responses to questions Q2 to Q16 (18 questions). These include both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the household's food supply as well as household members' psychological and behavioral responses. Based on the results, more than half of households (52.67%) experienced food insecurity and less than half (47.33%) indicating that they are food secure. Correlation coefficient results showed that there was significant relationship between the income, educational level, extension education activities, social participation, technical knowledge and food security. Based on regression analysis, income, educational level, extension education activities, technical knowledge and social participation may well explain for 75.43% changes (R2=0.7543) in level of food security.

Is consanguinity prevalence decreasing in Saudis?: A study in two generations.

Saudi population is unique in that there is a strong preference for cousin marriages in the general population. We studied the prevalence of consanguinity in educated Saudi females and compared the results with the results obtained in their parents, to access if a generation difference in which extensive educational activities have prevailed to inform the people of the influence of cousin marriages on health, has made any difference in prevalence of consanguineous marriages. A total of 600 Saudi women (421 university students and 179 women attending outpatients' clinics) were interviewed about their own and their parents' consanguinity. The total consanguinity (first and second cousins) was 29.7% in the parents. Consanguinity was significantly higher among the daughters than the parents, where 37.9% of the 293 married women had consanguineous marriages. The prevalence of consanguinity was studied in different age groups, though no significant pattern was observed. A strong correlation was found between consanguinity of parents and their daughters; consanguinity was highest (52.3%) in the daughters of parents who were themselves consanguineous. The results did not reveal any decrease in the prevalence of consanguinity over a generation. This shows that the tradition of marrying within the family is a preferred practice, despite the awareness that certain genetic disorders occur at a higher frequency in cousin marriages. There is a need at the primary health care level to inform the public of the consequences of this common practice.

Logistic Regression Analysis on Factors Affecting Adoption of Rice-Fish Farming in North Iran

We evaluated the factors influencing the adoption of rice-fish farming in the Tavalesh region near the Caspian Sea in northern Iran. We conducted a survey with open-ended questions. Data were collected from 184 respondents (61 adopters and 123 non-adopters) randomly sampled from selected villages and analyzed using logistic regression and multi-response analysis. Family size, number of contacts with an extension agent, participation in extension-education activities, membership in social institutions and the presence of farm workers were the most important socio-economic factors for the adoption of rice-fish farming system. In addition, economic problems were the most common issue reported by adopters. Other issues such as lack of access to appropriate fish food, losses of fish, lack of access to high quality fish fingerlings and dehydration and poor water quality were also important to a number of farmers.

Analysis of effective factors to increase the knowledge of agricultural production cooperative members in Semnan Province, Iran

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effective factors to increase the knowledge of agricultural cooperative members in Semnan Province. It is an applied research for which a descriptivecorrelation method is chosen. The dependant variable was the effectiveness of extension education activities to promote the knowledge of the members in agriculture and production cooperative. Independent variables were formed in five groups including personal, social and economical, educational activities and farming characteristics. Statistical population of the study consisted of 3357 members of agricultural production cooperative who had participated in the extension education course. Using Cochran formula, 209 persons were selected and at last 209 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times of review and correction by the faculty members of agricultural extension and education of Islamic Azad University. The reliability was conducted using Cronbach's alpha which estimated 91% using SPSS 16 software. The results gained from Spearman coefficient correlation showed that there is a significant relationship between variables including: main jobs, consulting with agricultural experts, visiting a sample farm and model cooperative company, watching educational videos and films, having communications with extension agents, having scientific trips, participating in educational and training workshops, reading agricultural publications and magazines, taking part in agricultural extension and research programs, envisage educational contents, the abilities and capabilities of constructors, educational technologies, humanistic development and members' participating in planning and implementing programs along with the effectiveness of educational and agricultural extension activities. The result yielded from the collective influence of the independent variables on the effectiveness of the educational and agricultural courses as a dependent variable through a multivariable regression in a step by step way indicated that developmental roles of agriculture, educational resources, educational method, and crop-production stages explained 53.8% of changes on the dependent variable of knowledge.

Representações sociais sobre relações entre vasos de plantas e o vetor da dengue

To investigate how houseplant 'caretakers' represent the relationship between plant vases and breeding sites for the dengue vector, in order to reformulate educational policies. The present study was carried out among caretakers from three São Paulo State municipalities in which dengue is known to exist and in which extensive educational activities had been previously conducted. Twenty households from each of the municipalities studied were selected based on larval density evaluation bulletins elaborated by SUCEN (Endemic Disease Control Coordination) and classified as positive or negative for the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in plant vases. The 60 participants were aged 20-65 years and were directly involved in plant care. Interviews were carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire, and recorded in cassette tapes. Data were tabulated using the collective subject discourse technique. Negative representations found included: erroneous information in the population's imaginary universe; disbelief that a 'tiny little mosquito' could cause such extensive problems; belief in the disease only after its concrete manifestation; and mistrust in educational activities in general. Positive representations included: understanding of the basic mechanism of dengue transmission; appreciation of the role and constant presence of sanitary authorities; understanding of their own share of responsibility in fighting the disease. With respect to vector control activities, the exceedingly synthetic messages emitted by the sanitary authorities prevent the information from being assimilated by the population to the desirable extent. Educational activities must be understood by the population to which they are destined if any behavioral changes are to take place.

The social ecology of changing pain management: do I have to cry?

Objective: To improve acute pain management for children with systematic assessment and appropriate analgesia. Design: An action research design was used; pre-post data were collected during a four-phase intervention. The intervention was a social ecological approach to changing pain assessment and prescription practices. Setting: A university-affiliated public hospital in the greater Los Angeles area. Participants: An interdisciplinary team of clinicians and hospital administrators were engaged in implementing new pain management procedures for children with postoperative and procedural pain. Interventions: We implemented the Poker Chip Tool as a standard pain assessment tool, changed policy to make morphine drug of choice for acute postoperative pain, provided extensive educational activities, and conducted weekly rounds with anesthesiologist/intensivist, nurses, pharmacist, and child life specialist. Role modeling by leaders was used to build skill in interdisciplinary collaboration for staff. We promoted the initiative as an activity of the medical center strategic plan. Efforts were linked to national shifts in pain management through guideline review and use of a visiting expert. Outcome measures: Charts were audited for assessment of pain intensity. Doses dispensed by pharmacy were used as a proxy measure of analgesia administered to children to establish change in pattern of analgesic use. Results: In Phase I: 54% of charts audited had documentation of pain intensity. This rate climbed to Phase II, 93% of the audited charts at full implementation and stabilized at 84% at the project conclusion. Record of doses of analgesia dispensed demonstrated a shift from reliance on meperidine to morphine and acetaminophen with codeine. The relative rates demonstrated a 100% increase in acetaminophen with codeine distributed from the beginning of the study to full implementation of the project (χ 2 = 9.01, df = 1, p < 0.002). The relative rate for meperidine demonstrated a 250% decrease (χ 2 = 12.26, df = 1, p < 0.0004), and the relative rate for morphine exhibited a 455% increase (χ 2 = 209.20, df = 1, p < 0.0001). By the final phase (IV: Evaluation), meperidine was only 1% of the analgesia dispensed. Morphine doses that were initially 35% climbed to 62% at the close of the study. Acetaminophen with codeine shifted correspondingly from 24% to 36%. Anecdotal reports suggested that skills in assessment and building collaboration generalized to other patient care situations. Conclusions: Using a social ecology approach that focused simultaneously on the environment (ward, medical center, and national scene) and relationships among the clinical team improved pain management practices. These changes took place over 2 years and were sustained 2 years after the intense intervention.

Factors Affecting Involvement Of Volunteers In Extension Education Activities In Talesh Township, Iran

Self-sufficiency in food and fiber production is a goal of Iran 's Extension service. In an effort to bolster Extension 's efforts, volunteers are enlisted to work with Extension agents andfarmers. Well-trained and competent volunteers are effective in helping the Extension service disseminate knowledge to farmers. Little is known about factors that affect involvement of volunteers in Extension education activities. All Extension volunteers (138) in the Talesh Township, Iran were surveyed Factors that most encouraged volunteers to participate in Extension education programs were for the sake of God, leaving a good name and memory, and closer relationships with Extension agents. Volunteers were also more likely to participate in tasks and training programs that provided immediate benefit towards farming operations. Men were more likely than women to become volunteers.

The management systems evaluation areas program: Tillage and water quality research

The Midwest Region of the United States produces 80% of the nation's corn and soybeans and is a primary user of fertilizers and pesticides. The impact of corn-soybean farming systems on water resources in the region is a concern, and as part of the President's Water Quality Initiative, the Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) Program was established in Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and Ohio. The goal of the program is to develop research and education programs that will lead to voluntary adoption of alternative agricultural systems and technologies that will reduce adverse impacts on water resources. The focus is on corn-soybean cropping systems using various combinations of tillage and chemical management. The regional MSEA Program uses common quality assurance and quality control methods for the analysis of water samples, identical automatic weather stations, and identical methods for collection, handling, and chemical analysis of soil cores. The program also obtains temporal water quality, soilwater content and plant data at common time intervals. Data will be collected over a sufficient number of years to account for seasonal and annual variations in climate. It will be used to test state and regional hypotheses and in the evaluation and enhancement of simulation models. Excellent progress has been made during the first 3 years as evidenced by extensive research and educational activities already completed. This paper presents an overview of the tillage and water quality research being conducted as part of the MSEA Program.

An Analysis of the Role of Special Interest Groups in the Formation of the Cooperative Extension Service

In this description and analysis of the political role of special interest groups in the formation of the Cooperative Extension Service the events and activities leading up to the passage of the Smith-Lever Act are examined. Attention is paid to the growing formalization of early extension education activities and to the increasing collaboration among special interest groups from agriculture, education and private enterprise in support of a national extension program. The conflict over the Smith-Lever Act in Congress is reviewed, and the significant innovations contained in the Smith-Lever Act are examined. Finally, the author ization of the Cooperative Extension Service and the establishment of a formal relationship between federal, state, and county governments, and the university signal the beginning of a trend towards bringing higher education into the public domain as a political actor.