Extended Theory Of Planned Behavior Research Articles

Green Product Purchase Intention of Young Customers from Developing Country: Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

Green Product Purchase Intention of Young Customers from Developing Country: Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

Using the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore the Effect of Farmer Differentiation on Their Intention to Revitalize Idle Homesteads: Empirical Evidence from Shaanxi, China

The revitalization of idle homesteads is an essential element in stimulating rural land resources and assets and promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas. However, existing studies have paid less attention to the relationship between the differentiation of farm households and revitalization intention. Therefore, exploring the relationship between farmer differentiation and revitalization intention has become the key to improving the revitalization intention. The differentiation of farmers in the process of urbanization is an important factor affecting the intention of farmers to revitalize idle homesteads. This study defines “farmer differentiation” as a second-order factor and is based on the theoretical analysis framework of “farmer differentiation (FD)–farmer cognition (FC)–revitalization intention (RI)” to systematically reveal the relationship between FD and RI with a multi-dimensional perspective. At the same time, we analyze the mediating role of FC in the relationship between FD and RI. The data collected from 881 Shaanxi, China, farmers are analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the study show that (1) The dimensions of farmer differentiation (FD) are wealth capital differentiation (WCD) and reputation capital differentiation (RCD). (2) The formation of farmers’ intention to revitalize follows the logical relationship of “FC–RI” in the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB), and subjective norms (SN) are the critical factor. (3) The logical relationship of “FD–FC–RI” in the ETPB has been confirmed. In addition to the direct positive effect of the WCD and RCD on farmers’ intention to revitalize idle homesteads, WCD will indirectly affect RI through the four sub-dimensions of behavioral attitudes (BA), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC) and homestead dependence (HD) under the FC conception. Meanwhile, the chain mediating role of the WCD and FC sub-dimensions in the RCD effect on the intention to revitalize cannot be ignored. Therefore, to increase farmers’ intention to revitalize Idle homesteads, policymakers need to focus on increasing WCD and RCD and helping farmers establish proactive FC.

Factors influencing farmers' intention to participate in the voluntary carbon market: An extended theory of planned behavior

Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is essential for sustainable agriculture, contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and combating climate change. The Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM), designed to encourage farmers to implement sequestration practices, is a recent innovation in Europe, in contrast to the well-established American system. Consequently, there is limited understanding of farmers' intentions to participate. The study analyzes farmers' willingness to participate in VCM and the influencing factors through the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB). For this purpose, data were collected from 241 Italian farmers located in the Sicily region and the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was applied. The results show that Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control and Knowledge of VCM have a statistically significant influence on farmers' intention to participate in VCM. In contrast, Subjective Norms and Perceived Environmental Risk do not have a statistically significant influence. Our findings suggest that farmers' intention is strongly influenced by confidence in their capabilities and knowledge of the topic. This should guide policymakers and practitioners to offer extension services and technical assistance, helping farmers understand the potential of the VCM. Indeed, limited knowledge is a major barrier to participation in this initiative.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Interest in Purchasing Porang Rice Using The Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (E-TPB)

Porang rice, as imitation rice made from porang tubers, can be used as a substitute for white rice because it contains low calories and high fiber. In Indonesia, the marketing of porang rice and related research is still limited. This research aims to determine the characteristics of respondents and the factors that influence interest in buying porang rice, as well as recommendations for marketing strategies based on the research results. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and SEM-PLS. The sample used was selected using a non-probability sampling method using a purposive sampling technique. The number of respondents obtained was 112 respondents. The research results found that the knowledge and status of respondents who were on a calorie diet were the main characteristics of respondents regarding their interest in buying porang rice. Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control directly influence interest in buying porang rice. Product availability indirectly influences interest in buying porang rice through perceived behavioral control. Recommendations for manufacturers' marketing strategies include providing information about low calories and high fiber on their packaging and promotional media, expanding their partner network with retail stores that are frequently visited by the public, and maximizing sales using e-commerce.

Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Travelers' Intentions to Visit China in Hong Kong Context

This study aims to understand the travel intentions of Hong Kong residents to China after the COVID-19 pandemic by using an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) that integrates two additional factors: "pandemic-related travel restrictions" and "perceived destination health and safety". Findings from 320 valid surveys indicated that the five factors in the ETPB model are directly related to travel intention, and the ETPB model has a predictive power on the Hong Kong travelers' travel intention to China. The findings of this study extend our knowledge of application of ETPB and provide useful information to tourism industry in China and Hong Kong in marketing strategy formulation and implementation.

Investigating industry 4.0 technologies in logistics 4.0 usage towards sustainable manufacturing supply chain

In the era of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), automation and data analysis have undergone significant advancements, greatly impacting production management and operations management. Technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, cloud computing (CC), and big data, have played a crucial role in shaping Logistics 4.0 (L4.0) and improving the efficiency of the manufacturing supply chain (SC), ultimately contributing to sustainability goals. The present research investigates the role of I4.0 technologies within the framework of the extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB). The research explores various variables including subjective norms, attitude, perceived behavior control, leading to word-of-mouth, and purchase intention. By modeling these variables, the study aims to understand the influence of I4.0 technologies on L4.0 to establish a sustainable manufacturing SC. A questionnaire was administered to gather input from small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in the manufacturing industry. An empirical study along with partial least squares structural equation modeling (SEM), was conducted to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the use of I4.0 technology in L4.0 influences subjective norms, which subsequently influence attitudes and personal behavior control. This, in turn, leads to word-of-mouth and purchase intention. The results provide valuable insights for shippers and logistics service providers empowering them to enhance their performance and contribute to achieving sustainability objectives. Consequently, this study contributes to promoting sustainability in the manufacturing SC by stimulating the adoption of I4.0 technologies in L4.0.

From Enchantment to Action: How Tourists’ Experiences Drive Revisit Intention

Considering the increasing trends of traveller’s visiting various destinations, it is critical to investigate the role of customer experience and experience quality in promoting revisiting destination to boost the business particularly for beach cities. Therefore, the present study examines the role of customer experience (CE) in explaining the revisit intention (RI) of tourists to re-visit the destination and attempts to assess the effect of experience quality (EQ), perceived value (PV), and customer satisfaction (CSAT) as mediators. The inter-relationships, which are based on strong theoretical underpinning of Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory and Extended Theory of Planned Behavior, are investigated using a multi-dimensional and hierarchical approach, resulting in a model fit. This study employed a survey-based design by collecting responses from 634 respondents who has recently visited destinations for leisure. PLS-SEM was employed to assess the model fit and path coefficients. The study found that CX significantly influences the behavioral intention of customers to re-visit the destination which was recently visited. Further, the research does not find significant mediation between EQ and CSAT to RI. However, a PV significantly mediates between CE and behavioral intention. This study adds value to service marketing theory in numerous ways. First, it reveals the effect of CE on RI; second, it establishes that all mediators play a significant role in improving the effect of customer experience over revisit destination. Considering the significant findings, this research also supports managers in designing and implementing market-oriented strategies to enhance CE from the destination, thereby positively affecting RI of the destination.

Influencing factors of health screening among retirees: an extended TPB approach.

Health screenings are promoted worldwide as they help detect and prevent overall health issues. Despite expanding coverage, the participation rate among the retired population has not significantly increased. Given the special role of health screenings in promoting health and healthy aging, understanding the behavioral intentions, and influencing factors of retirees' voluntary participation in health screenings is crucial. This study aims to explore the participation intentions in health screenings among the Chinese retired population by integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Self-Efficacy (SE). This study used a cross-sectional design to conduct an online questionnaire among 311 retirees in 2023. The questionnaire, tailored for the Chinese retired population, combines the TPB theory and Self-Efficacy theory, including demographic structure, the basic structure of TPB, and SE. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was used to identify factors related to health screening behaviors. Of the respondents, 311 completed the survey (88.9% response rate). The most crucial determinant of health examination behavior was behavioral intention, with a correlation score of (1.524, p < 0.001). Significant correlates of behavioral intention included Subjective Norms (SN) and Self-Efficacy (SE), followed by Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) and Attitude (AT), with correlation scores of (0.401, p < 0.001), (0.339, p < 0.001), (0.082, p < 0.001), and (0.060, p < 0.05), respectively. This study provides insights for enhancing the willingness and behavior of retirees to participate in health screenings.

The effectiveness of a theory -based health education program on waterpipe smoking cessation in Iran: one year follow-up of a quasi-experimental research

BackgroundThe present research aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on the extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) on waterpipe (WT) smoking cessation in women.MethodsThe present quasi-experimental had a pre-test, post-test design with 3, 6 and 12 months follow-ups was conducted in Bandar Abbas city, south of Iran in December 2021-March 2023. A total of 448 women over the age of 15 (224 in the intervention group (IG), 224 in the control group (CG)), using a two-stage cluster sampling method participated. The educational intervention focused on WT smoking cessation implemented in 14 sessions. The educational methods in the training sessions were lectures, collaborative discussions, Q&As, brainstorming, role plays, and peer education. The main outcome was WT cessation behavior. Repeated measures ANOVA tests and post hoc were run to compare the IG and CG at baseline in terms of demographic variables, t-test and chi square test, and in the four points of time of data collection. The data were analyzed in Stata14. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of WT cessation behavior and all ETPB constructs in the IG was significantly higher than the CG. After the educational intervention, in the IG, the perceived behavioral control, attitude, subjective norm, intention and knowledge increased, and the weekly smoking and WT smoking habit decreased (P < 0.001). The CG did not have any significant change in other variables except for the increased knowledge score. During the 12-month follow-up, the cessation rate was 43.81% (P = 0.645) in the IG and 7.45% in the CG (P = 0.081).ConclusionsThe educational intervention positively affected WT smoking reduction and cessation in women through influencing the ETPB constructs. It is strongly recommended to design theory-based interventions beyond the individual level with an emphasis on interpersonal relationships to facilitate WT cessation as far as possible.

Role of Privacy Concerns and Trust in Consumers’ Intention to Use Buy-Now, Pay-Later (BNPL): An Extended TPB Model

Privacy concerns and trust have recently been proposed as crucial issues in consumers’ adoption of online services. Therefore, we have used an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate how privacy concerns and trust influence consumers’ attitudes toward the Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL). We also examined the mediated role of trust in the relationship between privacy concerns and attitude. An online survey was conducted among Indian undergraduate and postgraduate students, as BNPL is most popular among young consumers. We found that privacy concerns decrease consumers’ trust and attitude towards BNPL. Specifically, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior emerged as significant predictors for consumers’ intention to use BNPL. A complementary partial mediating role of trust in the relationship between privacy concern and attitude was discovered. That implies that users apprehensive about their data’s security are less likely to trust that the provider will safeguard their information. However, by increasing trust, users’ privacy concerns can be reduced in BNPL services.

A study on urban household water consumption behavior under drought conditions

The increasing frequency of drought events has intensified the risk of water scarcity, posing significant challenges for urban domestic water supply. Reducing urban household water consumption is an important way to alleviate water stress during drought periods. However, due to various factors, it is difficult to determine a water-saving target that is within the residents' capacity. Here, taking Beijing, China as an example, we explored the socio-psychological factors behind urban household water use behaviors under drought conditions, and further quantified the compressible ratio of water quotas for flexible water use behaviors. Therefore, the present study was based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and extended TPB (ETPB) by adding drought risk perception as a variable to the theoretical framework. With the help of questionnaire method and structural equation modeling (SEM), the explanatory power of TPB and ETPB in predicting people's water saving intention and behavior was compared. Meanwhile, mathematical statistical analysis methods were employed to calculate the water quota for elastic water consumption behavior and the compressible proportion of urban residents' elastic water consumption under drought conditions. The results showed that drought risk perception has a significant positive correlation with subject norms and water reduction behavior under drought conditions. Furthermore, ETPB was more effective in analyzing water use intentions and behaviors. The predictive explanatory power of SEM for reducing water use increased from 44% to 50% after adding drought risk perception variable. In terms of quantification of elastic water use behavior, the average total water consumption in summer and winter were 71.3L/(p.d) and 52.9L/(p.d) under drought conditions, while it were 124.3 L/(p.d) and 108.9 L/(p.d) under normal conditions. And the compressible proportions of the total water quota for summer and winter elastic water use were 46.7% and 56.8%, respectively. The calculation results can provide a reference for the government to make emergency water supply decisions against drought.

Influential Factors Affecting Recycling Behavior toward Cardboard Boxes in the Logistics Sector: An Empirical Analysis from China

With the escalating issues of resource waste and environmental pollution, the effective recycling of cardboard boxes within the logistics sector has emerged as a crucial factor in advancing sustainable development. This study employs the extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to devise a questionnaire and gather data from 700 respondents in China, aiming to analyze the influential factors that impact consumers’ engagement in recycling mechanisms provided by express delivery companies. Utilizing a principal component analysis, five co-factors that influence consumers’ willingness to recycle are identified. The findings of a multinomial logistic regression reveal a positive correlation between these five co-factors and recycling behavior, with attitude exhibiting the greatest significant influence (5.076 times in model 1 and 2.375 times in model 2) on recycling behavior. These results will serve as a scientific foundation for express delivery companies and governmental entities to adapt and optimize existing environmental protection policies, thus fostering sustainable development.

Factors of Food Waste Reduction Underlying the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior: A Study of Consumer Behavior towards the Intention to Reduce Food Waste

Food waste represents an economic, environmental, and social threat, which makes it an important subject of investigation. Food waste behavior has a crucial effect on everyone’s food security, food safety, economic growth, and the environment; hence, it requires further analysis. The article’s objective is to study the food waste reduction behavior of individual consumers and to examine factors which can explain the intention to reduce food waste. The study’s conceptual foundation is the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which aims to explain the relationship between an individual’s attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The paper extends the TPB by including new factors such as environmental concern, perceived ascription of responsibility, marketing addiction, moral norm, and waste preventing behavior. The data were collected via quota sampling and examined using the structural equation modeling (SEM). The study employed a sample of 369 people in Thailand. The results show that waste preventing behavior, attitude, and perceived behavioral control significantly impact the intention to reduce food waste. The subjective norm and environmental concern positively affects the attitude, which subsequently impacts the intention to reduce food waste. Marketing addiction negatively impacts perceived behavioral control and, hence, increases food waste. This research paper enlarges the understanding of the intention to minimize food waste. Moreover, it points out the implications on how consumers and the government may improve the desire to decrease food waste.

Public Transport Modeling for Commuting in Cities with Different Development Levels Using Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

Reducing the use of private vehicles and promoting public transportation (PT) have always been the primary policy objectives of transport authorities. This study aims to model the factors affecting intentions and behaviors of employees to use PT for their commutes by creating an extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB). The ETPB model’s applicability was evaluated using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) technique on a total of 2048 employees in three distinct cities. Then, the Multigroup analysis (MGA) method was used to compare various cities, and demographic variables such as age, education, gender, household income, and walking time to nearest PT stop. The analysis revealed that attitude, perceived norm, and personal agency have a statistically positive influence on employees’ intention to use PT. Moreover, behavioral capability, intention, and habit have a positive effect on PT use, whereas environmental constraints have a negative effect. The results of the MGA analysis revealed significant differences between regions, particularly in terms of environmental factors, intention, and habit. Similarly, the article describes disparities that have emerged according to other demographic variables. The findings imply that interventions by decision makers have the potential to alter the mode of transportation chosen for commuting.

To stay or re-migrate after the pandemic shock? Labor re-migration intention to the coastal areas of Thừa Thiên Huế province in Vietnam

This study applied the extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to explore factors that shape the behavioral intention of migrant laborers returning to the coastal region of Thừa Thiên Huế province during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic to remigrate. Data collection included 210 interviews with returned migrants aged 18 and above in 4 coastal communes of Thừa Thiên Huế province, in-depth interviews (8 key informants) and a group discussion (5 persons). Exploratory factor analysis and a multivariate linear regression model were applied to analyze the data. Results showed that in addition to individual socio-demographic characteristics (i.e. level of education, age, income level and sex), attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and perceived risk were also determinant factors of migrants’ intention to remigrate. This research suggested that in order to build resilience of rural migration workers, related departments should seriously consider the following recommendations: (i) raise awareness and encourage young rural people to complete their education and necessary skills; (ii) organize related psychological training programs for rural laborers; (iii) raise awareness about the necessity to participate in social insurance; (iv) promote rural job creation programs suitable for low education and low-skilled rural laborers; (v) raise awareness for local people, particularly school children, about the value and opportunities of being smart farmers in the context of 4.0 technology and social risks at the destination for low education and low-skilled laborers; (vi) digitalize migration labor management and provide digital information services regarding job opportunities for rural laborers.

Understanding Halal Chicken Consumers: Extended Theory of Planned Behavior and Clustering Approach

This study aimed to segment consumers and explored the factors that affect consumer awareness of halal chicken in Indonesia. The extended theory of planned behavior was adopted to determine the clustering variables, such as demographics, consumption patterns, knowledge, attitude, intention, and actual action. 1185 respondents in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, participated in the stratified random sampling. The K-means algorithm classified halal chicken consumers into three groups: “credence consumers” who have halal integrity (44%), “moderate consumers” who are rational in their purchasing (21%), and “apathetic consumers” who seem to lack knowledge and enthusiasm for implementing halal principles (35%). An indepth profiling evaluation of the consumers’ characteristics revealed that in all clusters, religious belief showed to influence willingness to pay (WTP) for halal chicken. The result also revealed that higher consumer income levels do not necessarily lead to a commensurate increase in WTP.

For the love of money and the planet: Experimental evidence on co-benefits framing and food waste reduction intentions

This randomized control trial examines the effect of informational nudges highlighting the monetary or environmental benefits, or co-benefits, of food-saving behaviors on intentions to reduce food waste within the framework of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB). A representative sample of Spanish participants (N = 1008) were exposed to control, monetary, environmental, or co-benefits conditions and asked to indicate their intentions to reduce household fruit and vegetable waste. Psychological, behavioral, and situational ETPB factors affecting food waste behavior were also measured. Only co-benefits framing was found to have a significant effect. Participants who were highly concerned about the environmental impact of wasting food were more strongly influenced by the co-benefits and monetary framings. Further, perceived behavioral control and food waste habits were positively associated with food-saving intentions. Thus, co-benefits framing in informational nudges can strengthen consumer intention to reduce fruit and vegetable waste, especially among consumers with higher levels of environmental concern.

Identifying Factors Influencing Recreational Travel during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study aims to identify the psychological constructs that are antecedents to people’s intention to travel to a tourist destination during the COVID-19 pandemic using the extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). Online survey responses collected from 1,259 participants in the United States in May–June 2021 are used for the study. We find a moderating effect of public trust towards the government on the relationship between travel concerns and intentions. Results suggest that certain levels of public trust, subjective norm, perceived benefit of travel, perceived behavioral control, and perceived knowledge of the pandemic are necessary to manifest travel intentions. We uncover that providing travel incentives and better dissemination of the pandemic-related information can potentially encourage people to regain their original travel intention that was lost due to the pandemic. Furthermore, the bottlenecks obtained using NCA show that travel intentions are more easily manifested by perceived knowledge of the pandemic versus others. This study demonstrates the application of NCA, which can be further extended to make policy-level decisions for transportation systems.

Factors affecting revisiting behavior to Taal Volcano during the post recovery 2020 eruption: An extended theory of planned behavior approach

Taal Volcano is considered one of the prominent Philippine tourist destinations. However, the lack of studies on the revisitation intention of tourists during the post-recovery 2020 eruption urged the need for researchers to address the said concern. This study focused on determining factors that significantly affect the intention of domestic tourists to revisit Taal during the post-recovery 2020 eruption by utilizing the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) approach. 1008 Filipinos answered an online questionnaire that was distributed by using a convenience sampling approach through several social media platforms. The online questionnaire consisted of 45 indicators under 9 latent variables such as government response, disaster concern, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, media, hedonic motivation, intention, and actual behavior. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that government response had a significant effect on disaster concern which led to attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Subsequently, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control had significant effects on the hedonic motivation which led to the intention. Interestingly, media had also a significant role in the intention to revisit Taal Volcano. Through these findings, the study could be a basis for implementing promotional and marketing strategies in tourist spots. Moreover, the constructs and framework of this study could be extended and applied to other tourist attractions when it comes to revisitation and actual behavior. Finally, the model could be used by other researchers, the government, agencies, and stakeholders in investigating post-disaster revisitation intention worldwide.

Using the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Privacy-Protection Behavioral Intentions in the Big Data Era: The Role of Privacy Concern

This research extends the theory of planned behavior to explore how privacy concerns influence privacy-protection behavioral intentions via attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Using snowball sampling, 637 participants were recruited in China to complete this online survey. After eliminating the invalid questionnaire, this study received valid samples of 599 respondents. The finding demonstrated that privacy concerns were positively associated with individuals’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. And these factors also were found positively influence privacy-protection behavioral intentions. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed as well.