Extended-release Suspension Research Articles

Correction: Sodium oxybate extended-release suspension (LUMRYZ™) in narcolepsy: a profile of its use

Correction: Sodium oxybate extended-release suspension (LUMRYZ™) in narcolepsy: a profile of its use

Sodium oxybate extended-release suspension (LUMRYZ™) in narcolepsy: a profile of its use

Sodium oxybate extended-release suspension (LUMRYZ™) in narcolepsy: a profile of its use

Long acting paliperidone injection in patient with bipolar affective disorder, current episode manic with psychotic symptoms

Bipolar Disorder is a chronic mental illness characterized by periods of mania, depression, and mixed episodes that often need lifelong medication. The first line of pharmacotherapy includes lithium, valproate, or second-generation antipsychotics. Paliperidone is a medication that works in the brain and is also known as a second-generation antipsychotic. Paliperidone is available as an oral extended-release tablet and a once-monthly extended-release suspension for intramuscular injection. Long-acting injectables (LAIs) are used to reduce the non-adherence of oral medication. Paliperidone is one of the LAI that could be used to treat manic, hypomanic, and mixed episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Paliperidone LAI reduces the number of relapses, hospitalization, and length of stay. As reported in this case, a patient with a manic episode who received paliperidone LAI showed favourable results after a week-long observation with no signs of extrapyramidal symptoms.

Input Estimation for Extended-Release Formulations Exemplified with Exenatide.

Estimating the in vivo absorption profile of a drug is essential when developing extended-release medications. Such estimates can be obtained by measuring plasma concentrations over time and inferring the absorption from a model of the drug’s pharmacokinetics. Of particular interest is to predict the bioavailability—the fraction of the drug that is absorbed and enters the systemic circulation. This paper presents a framework for addressing this class of estimation problems and gives advice on the choice of method. In parametric methods, a model is constructed for the absorption process, which can be difficult when the absorption has a complicated profile. Here, we place emphasis on non-parametric methods that avoid making strong assumptions about the absorption. A modern estimation method that can address very general input-estimation problems has previously been presented. In this method, the absorption profile is modeled as a stochastic process, which is estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. The applicability of this method for extended-release formulation development is evaluated by analyzing a dataset of Bydureon, an injectable extended-release suspension formulation of exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist for treating diabetes. This drug is known to have non-linear pharmacokinetics. Its plasma concentration profile exhibits multiple peaks, something that can make parametric modeling challenging, but poses no major difficulties for non-parametric methods. The method is also validated on synthetic data, exploring the effects of sampling and noise on the accuracy of the estimates.

Anaphylactoid reaction to paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension in a patient tolerant of oral risperidone

A probable anaphylactoid reaction to the injectable formulation of the atypical antipsychotic paliperidone in a patient with established tolerability to oral risperidone is reported. A 19-year-old man with schizophreniform disorder was admitted to the emergency department experiencing command hallucinations and persecutory delusions. The patient was treated with oral risperidone during which time his presenting symptoms improved; no risperidone-related adverse effects were noted. Due to concerns about long-term adherence to daily risperidone use, it was decided to initiate once-monthly injections of paliperidone palmitate extended-release suspension. Within 15 minutes of the first paliperidone injection, the patient developed flushing of the face, neck, and head, and he soon developed chills, rigors, and difficulty breathing; after treatment to resolve those symptoms, oral risperidone was restarted. No further drug-related problems occurred during the man's hospital stay. The pharmacy subsequently received notice that the medication lot from which the patient had received the paliperidone dose had been recalled due to reports of cracked syringes, but a possible link between the syringe defect and the man's anaphylactoid symptoms could not be determined. The temporal relationship between paliperidone palmitate administration and the onset of the man's symptoms, as well as application of the Naranjo nomogram, indicated a probable anaphylactoid reaction associated with the paliperidone formulation. A man who had tolerated oral risperidone developed an anaphylactoid reaction after receiving an injection of paliperidone palmitate extended-release suspension. After recovering from the reaction, the patient again received oral risperidone without adverse effects.

The US FDA has approved Celltech Group's codeine polistirex/chlorphenamine polistirex extended-release suspension

The US FDA has approved Celltech Group's codeine polistirex/chlorphenamine polistirex extended-release suspension

Determination of Hydrocodone in Tussionex® Extended-Release Suspension by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Abstract The high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method presented is a simple and rapid analytical procedure for the determination of hydrocodone in Tussionex Pennkinetic® extended-release suspension in the presence of chlorpheniramine and several excipients. Hydrocodone was extracted and separated from the suspension with methylene chloride under alkaline pH conditions. Sample recoveries were from 99.6 to 104.3%. Satisfactory resolution was obtained using a C8 column (Alltech 10μM, 25-cm by 4.6-mm inside diameter) and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile buffered at pH 4.5 (0.01M KH2PO4 and 0.05M KNO3) maintaining a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min. Corresponding run time for the complete separation of hydrocodone was around 14 min. The method was used to determine the concentration of HCD in five Tussionex® extended-release suspension samples that have been tampered with and in one control sample.