Extended Chirp Scaling Algorithm Research Articles

Wide‐bandwidth signal‐based multireceiver SAS imagery using extended chirp scaling algorithm

Traditional chirp scaling algorithm is often developed based on the quadratic approximation of point target reference spectrum, which neglects the higher-order coupling between range and azimuth dimensions. Besides, the scaling operation is conducted based on quadratic term of reference range, and the residual quadratic error increases with target range far away from reference range. The analysis of phase error shows that both errors are noticeable under the case of wide-bandwidth signal, and the imaging performance would be seriously distorted. To solve this problem, the higher-order coupling and quadratic error are compensated by exploiting sub-block processing method in the range dimension when the chirp scaling algorithm is exploited to reconstruct targets. Compared to traditional methods, the presented method significantly improves the focussing performance based on the simulation results. The processing of real data further shows that the performance of presented method is superior to that of traditional method.

Imaging algorithm for multi‐channel scan synthetic aperture radar with channel error estimation and compensation

The wide swath synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with a fine resolution is fundamentally a contradiction in conventional SAR imaging. To meet the demand of high-resolution width swath (HRWS) imaging, multi-channel scan mode has received a great deal of attention as a promising concept to realise HRWS observation. In this article, based on extended Chirp Scaling algorithm, an imaging algorithm for multi-channel scan SAR is proposed. Furthermore, channel error estimation and compensation are the key point in multi-channel scan imaging and are integrated into the proposed imaging algorithm. The computer simulation is shown to verify the presented imaging algorithm.

An extended chirp scaling algorithm for spaceborne sliding spotlight synthetic aperture radar imaging

A system impulse response with low sidelobes is critical in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images because sidelobes contribute to noise and interfere with nearby scatterers. However, the conventional tricks of sidelobe suppression are unable to be exactly applied to the case of spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR due to great azimuth shifts in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, an extended chirp scaling algorithm is presented for spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR data imaging. The proposed algorithm firstly uses the spectral analysis (SPECAN) technique to avoid the azimuth spectrum folding effect and then employs the chirp scaling (CS) algorithm to achieve data focusing, i.e., the so-called two-step approach. To suppress the sidelobe level, an efficient strategy for the azimuth spectral weighting which only involves matrix multiplications and short fast Fourier transformations (FFTs) is proposed, which is a post-process executed on the focused SAR image and particularly simple to be implemented. The SAR image processed by the proposed extended CS algorithm is very precise and perfectly phase-preserving. In the end, computer simulation results verify the analysis and confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.

Practical synthetic aperture radar image formation based on realistic spaceborne synthetic aperture radar modeling and simulation

This paper presents the practical spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data focusing method based on the realistic end-to-end spaceborne SAR simulation. Our simulation reflects main factors of the satellite SAR that induce errors to degrade the focused image severely, which are related to the sensor hardware, the antenna beam pointing, the effective velocity, and the Doppler frequency. To minimize errors due to them in the spaceborne SAR image formation, we suggest and utilize the preprocessing as the internal calibration, the analysis of orbital data of an SAR satellite, the calculation of an effective velocity and the Doppler fre- quency utilizing the two-way slant range equation, and the usage of the phase gradient algorithm combined with the extended chirp scaling algorithm based on the azimuth signal deramping. The processing results for realistic simulated raw data of a spaceborne SAR are presented to validate the proposed methods. © 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) (DOI: 10 .1117/1.JRS.7.073494)

Extended wavenumber-domain synthetic aperture radar focusing with integrated motion compensation

Modern synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are continually developing in the direction of higher spatial resolution. This requires the usage of high range bandwidths combined with long azimuth integration intervals. High-quality SAR processing methods, which are able to deal with such sensor parameters, are necessary for focusing the raw data of such sensors. Wavenumber-domain (ω–k) processing is commonly accepted as the ideal solution to the SAR focusing problem. However, it is only applicable to spaceborne SAR data where a straight sensor trajectory is given. In the case of airborne data, wavenumber-domain processing is limited because of its inability to perform high-precision motion compensation. Here, the extended chirp scaling (ECS) algorithm has proven to be very powerful, although it has certain limitations concerning long aperture syntheses and highly squinted geometries. In the paper, a new stripmap SAR data-processing algorithm, called extended ω–k (EOK), is analytically derived. The EOK algorithm aims to combine the high focusing accuracy of the wavenumber-domain algorithm with the high-precision motion compensation of the ECS algorithm. The new EOK algorithm integrates a three-step motion compensation correction in the general formulation of the wavenumber-domain algorithm, leading to a new airborne SAR processing scheme, which is also very robust in the cases of long synthetic apertures and high squint angles. As demonstrated, it offers the possibility of processing wide-band, low-frequency airborne SAR data up to near-wavelength resolution. The performance and accuracy of the new EOK SAR data-processing algorithm are demonstrated using simulated data in different data collection scenarios and geometries as well as using interferometric data acquired by the airborne experimental SAR system of DLR at L-band (Horn, 1996; Scheiber, 1999).

Extended Chirp Scaling Algorithm for Spotlight SAR

Among Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image formation algorithms, the chirp scaling algorithm (CSA) is computationally highly efficient and has been practically used. In this paper, how to implement the subaperture extended CSA in a high resolution spotlight mode SAR is studied in detail. The procedures such as subaperture processing and azimuth processing are discussed. According to the problems presented when using the method (A. Moreira, et al, 1996) to process spotlight SAR data, full formula expressions suitable for high squinted angles is presented. While point target simulation is analyzed, the method is validated by E-SAR raw data. The results can be directly implemented in the design of SAR processors.

Extended chirp scaling algorithm for air- and spaceborne SAR data processing in stripmap and ScanSAR imaging modes

Presents a generalized formulation of the extended chirp scaling (ECS) approach for high precision processing of air- and spaceborne SAR data. Based on the original chirp scaling function, the ECS algorithm incorporates a new azimuth scaling function and a subaperture approach, which allow an effective phase-preserving processing of ScanSAR data without interpolation for azimuth geometric correction. The azimuth scaling can also be used for automatic azimuth coregistration of interferometric image pairs which are acquired with different sampling distances. Additionally, a novel range scaling formulation is proposed for automatic range coregistration of interferometric image pairs or for improved robustness for the processing of highly squinted data. Several simulation and processing results of air- and spaceborne SAR data are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithms.