Expulsion Of Gastric Contents Research Articles

The Model Study of Phase-Transitional Magnetic-Driven Micromotors for Sealing Gastric Perforation via Mg-Based Micropower Traction.

Gastric perforation refers to the complete rupture of the gastric wall, leading to the extravasation of gastric contents into the thoracic cavity or peritoneum. Without timely intervention, the expulsion of gastric contents may culminate in profound discomfort, exacerbating the inflammatory process and potentially triggering perilous sepsis. In clinical practice, surgical suturing or endoscopic closure procedures are commonly employed. Magnetic-driven microswarms have also been employed for sealing gastrointestinal perforation. However, surgical intervention entails significant risk of bleeding, while endoscopic closure poses risks of inadequate closure and the need for subsequent removal of closure clips. Moreover, the efficacy of microswarms is limited as they merely adhere to the perforated area, and their sealing effect diminishes upon removal of the magnetic field. Herein, we present a Fe&Mg@Lard-Paraffin micromotor (LPM) constructed from a mixture of lard and paraffin coated with magnesium (Mg) microspheres and iron (Fe) nanospheres for sutureless sealing gastric perforations. Under the control of a rotating magnetic field, this micromotor demonstrates precise control over its movement on gastric mucosal folds and accurately targets the gastric perforation area. The phase transition induced by the high-frequency magnetothermal effect causes the micromotor composed of a mixed oil phase of lard and paraffin to change from a solid to a liquid phase. The coated Mg microspheres are subsequently exposed to the acidic gastric acid environment to produce a magnesium protonation reaction, which in turn generates hydrogen (H2) bubble recoil. Through a Mg-based micropower traction, part of the oil phase could be pushed into the gastric perforation, and it would then solidify to seal the gastric perforation area. Experimental results show that this can achieve long-term (>2 h) gastric perforation sealing. This innovative approach holds potential for improving outcomes in gastric perforation management.

Nausea and vomiting in palliative care

Nausea, an unpleasant feeling of wanting to vomit, and vomiting, the expulsion of gastric contents, are symptoms that can overlap but are individual. There are many causes of nausea and vomiting (see Panel 1)1 but this article focuses on nausea and vomiting in palliative care. Moreover, palliative care encompasses a number of conditions that can cause […]

Induction of Emesis by the Sodium Channel Activator Veratrine in the Lesser Spotted Dogfish, Scyliorhinus Canicula (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii)

This study provides the first quantitative description of the emetic reflex (vomiting) in the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) by using veratrine HC1 (lOmgkg−1, i.p.), the sodium channel activator as a stimulus. Vomiting occurred within 10 min of injection. The most notable features of the response in the correct temporal sequence were: (i) head shaking with wide gaping of the mouth; (ii) lowering of the ventral buccal cavity and expansion of the pharyngeal cavity; (iii) contraction of the gill arches, the buccopharyngeal musculature and lowering of the jaw rapidly followed by the expulsion of gastric contents (pieces of fish). The expulsion sequence (ii and iii) took ~ 1 s. The significance of the vomiting reflex in the dogfish is discussed in terms of its protective function and as a component of normal feeding to periodically eject indigestible food residues.

Persistent Vomiting

Vomiting is forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. The diagnostic challenge for the clinician is to determine whether vomiting occurs as part of a benign, self-limited process or whether it is the presenting symptom of a major underlying disorder. The following discussion provides an overview of the pathophysiology of vomiting, the major conditions that cause chronic vomiting, and principles of management. Definitions Vomiting is a highly integrated, chiefly somatic motor event that often is preceded by nausea, increased salivation, and retching. Vomiting is distinct from regurgitation, which is defined as passive movement of gastric contents into the esophagus. Regurgitation often is considered synonymous with gastroesophageal reflux (GER), although vomiting, too, may be a symptom of reflux. Vomiting and regurgitation can be distinguished through a careful history. This difference is important to establish because conditions associated with chronic regurgitation generally are less severe than those that occur with chronic vomiting. During fluoroscopy, regurgitation appears as a "to-and-fro" movement of contrast material from the stomach into the esophagus. In contrast, vomiting is seen as an active phenomenon and involves simultaneously occurring events. There is a rapid increase in intra-abdominal and intragastric pressure that occurs secondary to contraction of the diaphragm and the abdominal muscles.