Expression Of Negative Feelings Research Articles

Stress levels and coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students in Greece during economic recession: a cross-sectional study

AimTo identify factors contributing to Greek nursing students’ stress and the coping strategies used. BackgroundStress experienced by nursing students in the context of ongoing economic recession is as yet unexplored. DesignA cross-sectional study . MethodologyUndergraduate nursing students (n = 424) completed the Student Nurse Stress Index (short version) and the Brief COPE questionnaires during the year 2017. ResultsMost of the participants stated that their current financial status (81.7%) contributed towards their experience of stress, and they had higher scores on the interface worries subscale (p < 0.001). Female gender (p < 0.001) seniority (p = 0.005) and stress of transportation from home to university (p = 0.019) significantly increased the SNSI total score as well as most of the stress subscales scores. As far as coping subscales were concerned, higher means were shown in active/positive coping (mean 2.95), seeking support (mean 2.84), expression of negative feelings (mean 2.71) and avoidance (2.47). However, the use of higher maladaptive coping strategies was noted in cases presenting higher SNSI Total score, interface worries and personal problems. ConclusionThe introduction of stress management training and conflict management skills ought to be considered. Fund raising initiatives should be considered to provide financial assistance to those in need.

From Euphemism to Verbal Aggression in British and Armenian Cultures

&#x0D; The topic of the present article concerns verbal aggression and focusses on the verbal expression of the emotional mind; specifically, the expression of negative feelings, emotions and attitudes. Since computer-mediated communication is widely used to shape and reshape public opinion, the analysis of hate speech on the material of internet discourse may shed light on the manipulative communicative tactics that are used in online media and social networking sites to spread hostility and negativity globally. Hence, the examination of the language strategies and tactics that are used to formulate hate speech becomes essential in communicatively oriented linguistic studies.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The present article provides a comparative analysis of manifestations of hate speech and euphemisms in Armenian and British online media outlets and social sites targeted towards people's sexual orientation. The aim of the paper is to show the close connection between hate speech and culture. The research, which embarks on two basically different cultures – British and Armenian – is carried out within the framework of cross-cultural pragmatics and discourse analysis. A qualitative research method is applied to analyse samples of hate speech. Social sites and online media outlets were searched through search engines, using certain keywords (LGBT, sexual minorities, etc.). For the purpose of the study, language resources from English and Armenian – words, expressions, constructions, speech acts expressing hostile attitudes towards sexual orientation – have been picked out and analysed.&#x0D;

Psychological features of cadets with military professional maladjustment

The psychological characteristics of professionally maladapted cadets are considered. For signs of maladjustment were taken: performance - 3,5 points and below; physical fitness - 3 points and below; high incidence: the number of days of work loss from the beginning of the school year - 11 days or more; low discipline; poor relationship with the command and with colleagues, low psychological stability. Psychological personality traits can both contribute to the military-professional adaptation, and hinder it. Well-adapted cadets for training in a military college are characterized by a high level of stress tolerance, they are curious, have flexible thinking, they have hyperthymic characterological features. Professionally maladjusted cadets are characterized by stereotyped thinking, the prevalence of anxious and exalted character traits, the use of physical force against another person, readiness for the manifestation of negative feelings with the slightest excitement (hot temper), suspicion of relations with others, the expression of negative feelings as through form (cry , screeching), and through the content of verbal responses (curses, threats), the oppositional manner in behavior from passive resistance to active struggle From established customs and laws, they are more aggressive. Based on discriminant modeling, a highly informative forecast model of military professional maladjustment of cadets was developed as part of medical and psychological support measures (Wilks lambda: 0,29207 approx. F (4,58)=35,146; p

ANALISIS RAGAM BAHASA SISWA KELAS X H SMA NEGERI 2 KOTA BENGKULU DI FACEBOOK (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGIUISTIK)

This research is aimed to obtain a descriptive about Analysis of Various Students’ Language of Class X H SMA Negeri 2 Bengkulu City Used in Their Facebook of the this research is about how the theme of students’ sentences status in their Facebook are, what kind of language and non-language characteristic s of their sentences status in Facebook of students class X H are the research. The data that are collected use purposive sampling technic by taking the samples from sentence status of the students’ Facebook accounts which have been collected. The technics used in data analysis are : (1) data collecting, data presenting, (2) conclusion or verification in document. The research findings are guile diverse themes that emerge, but in a sense more positive tone expression (91,6%) consisting of : interaction, special interaction, expression activity, adage, expression of feeling, expression of feelings provoke cancern, the phrase specifically, and information. While the expression of negative feelings (8,3%). Likewise, the original identity (the original name of the account status) consists of 19 students with a percentage (79,1%) and the remaining 5 students with a pseudonym identity (account status pseudonym) by percentage (20,8%). Linguistic traits often arises is the use of regional languages, although there are also English-speaking. Non-linguistic traits characterized by the use of icons/symbols ( stiker’s or emotion) which describes the feeling.

Indirect and Direct Associations Between Personality and Psychological Distress Mediated by Dispositional Coping

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the association between coping and personality, by testing the hypothesis that dispositional coping mediates the relationship between personality and psychological distress. Canonical correlations evaluated the degree of the association among personality and coping dimensions in a community sample (N = 489) from Cyprus. Results partially support the hypothesized mediation model with Agreeableness predicting distress through the full mediation of avoidant coping, expression of negative feelings and active-positive coping. Partial mediation was found for Neuroticism and Openness. Canonical correlations deciphered how coping relates to the Big Five dimensions. Neuroticism was mostly associated with maladaptive coping, whereas Conscientiousness and Extraversion with adaptive coping.

Repression: Finding Our Way in the Maze of Concepts

Repression is associated in the literature with terms such as non-expression, emotional control, rationality, anti-emotionality, defensiveness and restraint. Whether these terms are synonymous with repression, indicate a variation, or are essentially different from repression is uncertain. To clarify this obscured view on repression, this paper indicates the similarities and differences between these concepts. Repression is the general term that is used to describe the tendency to inhibit the experience and the expression of negative feelings or unpleasant cognitions in order to prevent one’s positive self-image from being threatened (‘repressive coping style’). The terms self-deception versus other-deception, and socially related versus personally related repression refer to what is considered to be different aspects of repression. Defensiveness is a broader concept that includes both anxious defensiveness and repression; the essential difference is whether negative emotions are reported or not. Concepts that are sometimes associated with repression, but which are conceptually different, are also discussed in this paper: The act of suppression, ‘repressed memories,’ habitual suppression, concealment, type C coping pattern, type D personality, denial, alexithymia and blunting. Consequences for research: (1) When summarizing findings reported in the literature, it is essential to determine which concepts the findings represent. This is rarely made explicit, and failure to do so may lead to drawing the wrong conclusions (2) It is advisable to use scales based on different aspects of repression (3) Whether empirical findings substantiate the similarities and differences between concepts described in this paper will need to be shown.

Coping among individuals seeking private chemical dependence treatment: gender differences and impact on length of stay in treatment.

Length of stay in treatment and coping skills are both predictive of chemical dependence and abuse treatment outcomes. However, little is known about whether coping strategies are related to length of stay in treatment. Because predictors of length of stay in treatment vary by gender, it also may be reasonable to expect gender differences in coping strategies as well as in the relationship between coping and LOS in treatment. We examined gender differences in baseline coping strategies, and coping strategies as predictors of length of stay in treatment, among 747 (433 men, 314 women) individuals who entered chemical dependence and abuse treatment in a private, managed care facility. Women reported using more emotional discharge (behavioral attempts to reduce tension by expression of negative feelings), cognitive avoidance (cognitive attempts to avoid thinking realistically about the problem), resigned acceptance (cognitive attempts to react to the problem by accepting it), and seeking support/guidance (behavioral attempts to seek information, guidance, or support). Gender differences for emotional discharge disappeared after we controlled for depressive symptom and drug problem severities. Greater use of seeking alternative rewards (behavioral attempts to get involved in substitute activities and create new sources of satisfaction), less use of emotional discharge, and older age were significant predictors of longer length of stay, with no gender differences found. This study provides evidence for identifying and decreasing the use of emotional discharge early in treatment, possibly through the use of intervention strategies such as anger management, cognitive restructuring, or motivational interviewing, as well as encouraging an increase in participation in alternative activities.

Coping Among Individuals Seeking Private Chemical Dependence Treatment: Gender Differences and Impact on Length of Stay in Treatment

Background Length of stay in treatment and coping skills are both predictive of chemical dependence and abuse treatment outcomes. However, little is known about whether coping strategies are related to length of stay in treatment. Because predictors of length of stay in treatment vary by gender, it also may be reasonable to expect gender differences in coping strategies as well as in the relationship between coping and LOS in treatment.Methods We examined gender differences in baseline coping strategies, and coping strategies as predictors of length of stay in treatment, among 747 (433 men, 314 women) individuals who entered chemical dependence and abuse treatment in a private, managed care facility.Results Women reported using more emotional discharge (behavioral attempts to reduce tension by expression of negative feelings), cognitive avoidance (cognitive attempts to avoid thinking realistically about the problem), resigned acceptance (cognitive attempts to react to the problem by accepting it), and seeking support/guidance (behavioral attempts to seek information, guidance, or support). Gender differences for emotional discharge disappeared after we controlled for depressive symptom and drug problem severities. Greater use of seeking alternative rewards (behavioral attempts to get involved in substitute activities and create new sources of satisfaction), less use of emotional discharge, and older age were significant predictors of longer length of stay, with no gender differences found.Conclusions This study provides evidence for identifying and decreasing the use of emotional discharge early in treatment, possibly through the use of intervention strategies such as anger management, cognitive restructuring, or motivational interviewing, as well as encouraging an increase in participation in alternative activities.

How and When Does Emotional Expression Help?

The paradox of distress expression is that expression of negative feelings is both a sign of distress and a possible means of coping with that distress. This article describes research illustrating the paradox of distress expression. It reviews evidence concerning 3 possible mechanisms by which expression might alleviate distress, focusing on the role of expression in (a) reducing distress about distress, (b) facilitating insight, and (c) affecting interpersonal relationships in a desired way. The authors conclude by highlighting the circumstances under which expression is most likely to be adaptive. Overall, the authors argue that expression of negative feelings is adaptive to the extent that it leads to some kind of resolution involving the source or significance of distress.

Parental Restrictiveness of Negative Emotions: Sowing the Seeds of Thought Suppression

Research on parental socialization of emotion highlights an interesting irony by showing that parents who attempt to restrict their children's expression of negative feelings are especially likely to produce children who have emotional problems and social skill deficits. Eisenberg, Cumberland, and Spinrad consider a variety of potential explanations for this state of affairs, including maladaptive learning, overarousal, unrealistic expectations, and emotional constriction. An unexplored possibility, however, involves the high incidence of avoidant coping observed in these children (Eisenberg & Fabes, 1994; Eisenberg, Fabes, & Murphy, 1996). Mental control research suggests that efforts to avoid unacceptable thoughts and feelings may set into motion a process that can ultimately undermine emotional well-being. Although the experimental study of thought suppression has attracted considerable attention among social and clinical investigators (for reviews, see Polivy, 1998; Purdon & Clark, in press; Wegner, 1994; Wegner & Wenzlaff, 1996), it has not yet had an appreciable impact on developmental research. By highlighting the relationship between parental responses and children's avoidant coping, however, Eisenberg et al. provide the impetus for considering how issues of mental control may relate to emotional development. The existing evidence suggests that using thought suppression to control undesirable feelings may not only prevent the child from developing an adequate understanding of the complexities of emotional life, but it can also backfire, ironically promoting the emotional state it was meant to avoid. Although researchers in developmental psychology acknowledge an association between avoidant coping and developmental problems (Finnegan, Hodges, & Perry, 1996; Lengua & Sandler, 1996), they have generally overlooked the possibility that the process of thought suppression may itself contribute to emotional maladjustment. This prospect, however, is suggested by recent research showing that thought suppression can produce ironic effects in the form of mental and emotional states that are contrary to intentions. A consideration of this work can provide a new conceptual framework for understanding the consequences of restrictive parental responses to children's negative emotions. Before examining the process and impact of thought suppression, we consider how parents' reactions to their children's emotions can promote this type of avoidant coping. Parent-Instigated Thought Suppression

The Changing Structure of Tanya's Conflicts: A Case of On-Line Conflict Assessment in Psychotherapy

The degree and structure of intrapersonal conflicts in a patient with psychosomatic headaches, Tanya, were assessed before and after psychotherapy. An individual list of ten personally relevant topics or concepts was selected, and a test of conflict based on these concepts was presented and answered on-line by the patient. Before psychotherapy, conflict was primarily associated with myself, social communication, and job. Expressing negative feelings was unequivocally rejected by the patient, thus causing little conflict, and regarded as incompatible with social communication. Tanya's tendency of cognitive conflict reduction was inconspicuous. Following therapy, the patient's attitudes and beliefs had changed substantially, particularly in respect to social communication and the expression of negative feelings. The highest degree of conflict was now associated with family, myself, job, and work capability. Conflict reduction tendencies remained unchanged. The increase in the overall degree of conflict after psychotherapy, and particularly conflictual and dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs associated with family and job suggest that psychotherapy may have ended prematurely and should have included, e.g., attempts to integrate Tanya's attitudinal changes with her beliefs concerning family and work, or a social competence training in how to express negative feelings adequately and constructively.

Disagreements, refusals, or negative feelings: Perception of negatively assertive messages from friends and strangers

Forty-eight male and 48 female subjects heard audiotapes of male or female speakers, identified as good friends or strangers, who delivered assertive messages of refusal, disagreement, and expression of negative feelings. Subjects rated the messages on 10 variables, including likeability, appropriateness, and likelihood of beginning or weakening friendship. Results revealed that disagreements were rated most favorably and expression of negative feelings least favorably. Friends who disagreed were rated more favorably than were strangers, but friends who refused a request were perceived to hurt more and to be less socially skilled than refusing strangers. Finally, results indicated that gender of both sender and receiver interacted with the type of assertion in influencing perceptions.