Expression Of Fibroblast Growth Factor Research Articles

Low-Energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy improves locomotor functions, tissue regeneration and modulating the inflammation induced FGF1 and FGF2 signaling to protect damaged tissue in spinal cord injury of rat model: An experimental animal study.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that results in severe motor function impairments. Current therapeutic options remain limited, underscoring the need for novel treatments. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has emerged as a promising noninvasive approach for treating musculoskeletal disorders and nerve regeneration. This study explored the effects of low-energy ESWT on locomotor function, tissue regeneration, inflammation, and mitochondrial function in a rat SCI model. Experiments were performed using locomotor function assays, CatWalk gait analysis, histopathological examination, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. The findings demonstrated that low-energy ESWT had a dose-dependent effect, with three treatment sessions (ESWT3) showing superior outcomes compared to a single session. ESWT3 significantly improved motor functions (run patterns, run average speed, and maximum variation, as well as the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score) and promoted tissue regeneration while reducing inflammation. ESWT3 significantly decreased levels of IL-1β, IL6 and macrophages (CD68) while increasing leucocyte (CD45) infiltration. Additionally, ESWT3 upregulated NueN and mitofusin 2 (MFN2), suggesting enhanced neuronal health and mitochondrial function. Moreover, ESWT3 modulated the expression of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), FGF2, their receptor FGFR1 and phosphorylation of ERK, aiding tissue repair and regeneration in SCI. This study highlights the potential of low-energy ESWT as an effective noninvasive treatment for SCI, demonstrating significant improvements in motor recovery, tissue regeneration, anti-inflammatory effects, and mitochondrial protection. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of ESWT and its therapeutic application for SCI recovery.

Treatment of Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wounds Using a Novel Fish Skin Acellular Dermal Powder as Hydrogel with Gene Expression of Some Growth Factors Genes

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how well fish skin acellular dermal powder hydrogel (FADPH) promotes the healing of cutaneous wounds in Iraqi bucks. 48 of full-thickness cutaneous wounds (3X3 cm) created on the dorsal back of twelve bucks, each two wounds on both sides. Then, divided into two groups according to treatment method (6 bucks /group). The wounds in control group (A), were left without treatment and the wounds in treatment group (B) were treated by topical application of (FADPH). The outcomes were assessed clinically, morphometrically scoring at (7, 14, 35, and 42) days post treatment, and gene expression by RT-PCR of two genes including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) at three times periods (0,7 and 14) days and histopathological assessment at (7,14, 35 and 42) days post treatment. The scoring results of group B showed that the percentages of scoring results were significantly higher than that of control wounds at the level of (P<0.001) from the first 7 days until the end of the study. Also, results of gene expression of FGF and EGF was considerably higher in the treated group than control group at the level of (p<0.001). The histopathological results in group B showed faster re- epithelialization of the epidermis, proliferation of fibrin and regenerated epithelia, dense collagen fibers, and finally complete regeneration of the epidermal layer at the end of study in compared with group A which was showed slowly development in wound healing proses and highly inflammatory reaction. In conclusion, FADM hydrogel enhanced and accelerated the healing of skin wounds in male goats.

The Immobilization of an FGF2-Derived Peptide on Culture Plates Improves the Production and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles from Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

The skin is an essential organ that protects the body from external aggressions; therefore, damage from various wounds can significantly impair its function, and effective methods for regenerating and restoring its barrier function are crucial. This study aimed to mass-produce wound-healing exosomes using a fragment of the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-derived peptide (FP2) to enhance cell proliferation and exosome production. Our experiments demonstrated increased cell proliferation when Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ MSCs) were coated with FP2. Exosomes from FP2-coated WJ MSCs were analyzed using nanoparticle-tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting. Subsequently, fibroblasts were treated with these exosomes, and their viability and migration effects were compared. Anti-inflammatory effects were also evaluated by inducing pro-inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells. The treatment of fibroblasts with FP2-coated WJ MSC-derived exosomes (FP2-exo) increased the expression of FGF2, confirming their wound-healing effect in vivo. Overall, the results of this study highlight the significant impact of FP2 on the proliferation of WJ MSCs and the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects of exosomes, suggesting potential applications beyond wound healing.

Silibinin, a commonly used therapeutic agent for non-alcohol fatty liver disease, functions through upregulating intestinal expression of fibroblast growth factor 15/19.

Silibinin is used to treat non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) despite having rapid liver metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the role of the intestine in silibinin mechanism of action. NAFLD mice model was established by feeding them with a high-fat diet (HFD). Liver pathological were examined using H&E and oil red O staining. Tissue distribution of silibinin was detected by LC-MS/MS. SiRNA was employed for gene silencing and plasmid was used for gene overexpression. ChIP-qPCR assay was performed to detect the levels of histone acetylation. Recombinant adeno-associated virus 9-short hairpin-fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-15 and -farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4) were used to knockdown expression of FGF-15 and FXR. Oral silibinin significantly reversed NAFLD in mice, although liver concentration was insufficient for reduction of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Among endogenous factors capable of reversing NAFLD, the expression of Fgf-15 was selectively up-regulated by silibinin in ileum and colon of mice. When intestinal expression of Fgf-15 was knocked down, protection of silibinin against lipid accumulation and injury of livers nearly disappeared. Silibinin could reduce activity of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), enhance histone acetylation in the promoter region of FXR and consequently increase intestinal expression of FGF-15/19. Oral silibinin selectively promotes expression of FGF-15/19 in ileum by enhancing transcription of FXR via reduction of HDAC2 activity, and FGF-15/19 enters into circulation to exert anti-NAFLD action. As the site of action is the intestine this would explain the discrepancy between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of silibinin.

Effect of Aloe vera Gel and Sodium Metabisulphite on Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Incision Wound of Rats

An incision wound is a wound caused by being sliced. Two ingredients that play a key role in the wound-healing process are glucomannan and acemannan, which are rich in polysaccharides and growth hormones. Growth hormones stimulate fibroblast activity and proliferation. The present study involved 35 Sprague Dawley male rats, aged 2-3 months old and weighing 200-300 grams. The study comprised seven groups including, negative control group (G1), positive control (aquades, G2), betadine 10% (G3), gel base (0.5 mg, G4), gel base + sodium metabisulfite 0.2 gr (G5), gel base + Aloe vera 5% (G6), and gel base + Aloe vera 5% + sodium metabisulfite 0.2 gr (G7). Each group had five replications. Initially, a 4-cm incision was made on the dorsal skin of each rat. The study lasted 15 days with observations made on days 3, 7, and 15. After the observation period, the rats were anesthetized and then terminated to collect skin tissues for microscopic examination. The tissue samples were then stained immunohistochemically to assess fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expressions. The results showed that the highest FGF expression was observed in the 5% Aloe vera + 2% metabisulfite group (G7), while the lowest FGF expression was in the negative control group (G1). It is concluded that Aloe vera L. extract gel at 5% + 2% metabisulfite (G7) significantly enhances the expression of FGF. Keywords: Aloe vera L, Fibroblast growth factor, Incision wound, Skin, Sodium metabisulfite

A polarized FGF8 source specifies frontotemporal signatures in spatially oriented cell populations of cortical assembloids.

Organoids generating major cortical cell types in distinct compartments are used to study cortical development, evolution and disorders. However, the lack of morphogen gradients imparting cortical positional information and topography in current systems hinders the investigation of complex phenotypes. Here, we engineer human cortical assembloids by fusing an organizer-like structure expressing fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) with an elongated organoid to enable the controlled modulation of FGF8 signaling along the longitudinal organoid axis. These polarized cortical assembloids mount a position-dependent transcriptional program that in part matches the in vivo rostrocaudal gene expression patterns and that is lost upon mutation in the FGFR3 gene associated with temporal lobe malformations and intellectual disability. By producing spatially oriented cell populations with signatures related to frontal and temporal area identity within individual assembloids, this model recapitulates in part the early transcriptional divergence embedded in the protomap and enables the study of cortical area-relevant alterations underlying human disorders.

LTBP2 down-regulated FGF2 to repress vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling in a rat model of intracranial aneurysm

This work probed into the role of latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2 (LTBP2) in intracranial aneurysm (IA). The rats underwent IA modeling and then stereotactic injection of short hairpin RNA against LTBP2 (shLTBP2). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to assess IA model and vascular remodeling. Rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were transfected with shLTBP2, LTBP2 overexpression plasmid and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) overexpression plasmid. The mRNA and protein expressions of LTBP2, FGF2 and mitochondrial apoptosis-related factors (Caspase-3, Cyt-c, Mcl-1) were tested through qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were examined by cell counting kit-8, EdU assay and flow cytometry. The up-regulated LTBP2 and down-regulated FGF2 were detected in IA rats. LTBP2 knockdown promoted vascular remodeling and Mcl-1 level, and restrained cell apoptosis and expressions of Caspase-3 and Cyt-c in IA model rats. Moreover, LTBP2 knockdown potentiated cell viability, proliferation and FGF2 level, and repressed apoptosis in rat VSMCs, while overexpressed LTBP2 exerted opposite effects. FGF2 overexpression promoted proliferation and Mcl-1 level, and inhibited apoptosis and expressions of Caspase-3 and Cyt-c in rat VSMCs, which also reversed the effects of overexpressed LTBP2 on these aspects. Collectively, LTBP2 down-regulates FGF2 to repress VSMCs proliferation and vascular remodeling in an IA rat model.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 alleviates acetaminophen induced acute liver injury by activating Sirt1 mediated autophagy

Background and aimsAcetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of acute liver injury (ALI) in the Western. Our previous study has shown that fenofibrate activated hepatic expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can protect the liver form APAP injuries by promoting autophagy. However, the underlying mechanism involved in FGF21-mediated autophagy remains unsolved. MethodsThe ALI mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection of APAP. To investigate the influence of FGF21 on autophagy and Sirt1 expression in APAP-induced ALI, FGF21 knockout (FGF21KO) mice and exogenously supplemented mouse recombinant FGF21 protein were used. In addition, primary isolated hepatocytes and the Sirt1 inhibitor EX527 were used to observe whether FGF21 activated autophagy in APAP injury is regulated by Sirt1 at the cellular level. ResultsFGF21, Sirt1, and autophagy levels increased in mice with acute liver injury (ALI) and in primary cultured hepatocytes. Deletion of the FGF21 gene exacerbated APAP-induced liver necrosis and oxidative stress, and decreased mitochondrial potential. It also reduced the mRNA and protein levels of autophagy-related proteins such as Sirt1, LC3-II, and p62, as well as the number of autophagosomes. Replenishment of FGF21 reversed these processes. In addition, EX527 partially counteracted the protective effect of FGF21 by worsening oxidative damage, mitochondrial damage, and reducing autophagy in primary liver cells treated with APAP. ConclusionFGF21 increases autophagy by upregulating Sirt1 to alleviate APAP-induced injuries.

High extracellular matrix stiffness promotes the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through STAT3/FGF1 positive feedback regulation activated by JAK2

The stiffness of the extracellular matrix (EM) is known to be associated with tumor metastasis. This study aims to clarify the function and mechanisms of EM stiffness in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to provide a potential therapeutic target for patients with NPC. The NPC cell lines were cultured under varying stiffnesses. Plate cloning, Transwell assays and scratch tests were conducted to compare the phenotypes. Transcriptome sequencing and enrichment analysis were performed to explore the key molecules and the downstream signaling pathways, which were verified via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our study showed that the NPC cells cultured on a stiff substrate (50 ​kPa) had greater colony formation, invasion and migration abilities than those cultured on a soft substrate. Transcriptome sequencing showed that a stiff environment induced high expression of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), which suggested a poor prognosis in various malignancies. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway played an important role in NPC metastasis activated by the FGF1 autocrine pathway in a stiff environment. The increased FGF1 expression was regulated by the transcription factor STAT3, and a positive feedback regulation between them was observed. The use of the JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib and JAK2 interference inhibited the activation of STAT3. In conclusion, JAK2 activates STAT3/FGF1 positive feedback regulation and promotes NPC metastasis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a high-stiffness environment. Hence, FGF1 can be used as a potential therapeutic target for patients with NPC.

WYC-209 suppresses gastric cancer by down-regulating FGF18 via inactivating the STAT3 signaling pathway

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is regarded as a major health burden all over the world. WYC-209 inhibits the growth and metastasis of tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs). However, its effectiveness on GC was unexplored. Herein, this study aims to investigate the effect of WYC-209 on GC and elucidate its underlying mechanism. MethodsWe examined the effects of WYC-209 on cell survival, migration, invasion, and colony-forming capacities of two GC cell lines (AGS and HGC-27). Subsequently, RNA-seq and enrichment analyses were performed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the enriched signaling pathways. To further explore the underlying mechanism, loss- and gain-function experiments, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter were conducted. Finally, xenograft models were constructed to examine the effects of WYC-209 in vivo. ResultsWYC-209 significantly inhibited cell motility in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. RNA-seq performed in AGS cells after WYC-209 treatment revealed that the inhibition effect of WYC-209 on GCs may be associated with the down-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-18 (FGF18), and pleasantly, FGF18 overexpression abrogated the suppression effect of the drug. In addition, we found that WYC-209 attenuated the activation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, and impeded the FGF18 levels expressed in GCs. Importantly, the WYC-209 treatment circumvented the binding of STAT3 to the FGF18 promoter, suggested that WYC-209 down-regulated FGF18 expression via the STAT3 signaling pathway. ConclusionTogether, our findings presented the promise of WYC-209 in suppressing GC by down-regulating FGF18 expression through inactivating the STAT3 signaling pathway.

Fibroblast growth factor 2 enhances BMSC stemness through ITGA2-dependent PI3K/AKT pathway activation.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) are promising cellular reservoirs for treating degenerative diseases, tissue injuries, and immune system disorders. However, the stemness of BMSCs tends to decrease during in vitro cultivation, thereby restricting their efficacy in clinical applications. Consequently, investigating strategies that bolster the preservation of BMSC stemness and maximize therapeutic potential is necessary. Transcriptomic and single-cell sequencing methodologies were used to perform a comprehensive examination of BMSCs with the objective of substantiating the pivotal involvement of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) in stemness regulation. To investigate the impact of these genes on the BMSC stemness in vitro, experimental approaches involving loss and gain of function were implemented. These approaches encompassed the modulation of FGF2 and ITGA2 expression levels via small interfering RNA and overexpression plasmids. Furthermore, we examined their influence on the proliferation and differentiation capacities of BMSCs, along with the expression of stemness markers, including octamer-binding transcription factor 4, Nanog homeobox, and sex determining region Y-box 2. Transcriptomic analyzes successfully identified FGF2 and ITGA2 as pivotal genes responsible for regulating the stemness of BMSCs. Subsequent single-cell sequencing revealed that elevated FGF2 and ITGA2 expression levels within specific stem cell subpopulations are closely associated with stemness maintenance. Moreover, additional in vitro experiments have convincingly demonstrated that FGF2 effectively enhances the BMSC stemness by upregulating ITGA2 expression, a process mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. This conclusion was supported by the observed upregulation of stemness markers following the induction of FGF2 and ITGA2. Moreover, administration of the BEZ235 pathway inhibitor resulted in the repression of stemness transcription factors, suggesting the substantial involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway in stemness preservation facilitated by FGF2 and ITGA2. This study elucidates the involvement of FGF2 in augmenting BMSC stemness by modulating ITGA2 and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings offer valuable contributions to stem cell biology and emphasize the potential of manipulating FGF2 and ITGA2 to optimize BMSCs for therapeutic purposes.

The relationship between the expression of fibroblast growth factor 19 and insulin-like growth factor 1 in colorectal polyp tissues and the occurrence of colorectal adenomas

Objective: This investigation sought to delineate the associations among colorectal adenomatous polyps, diabetes, and biomolecules involved in glucose metabolism. Method: Data were collected from 40 patients who underwent endoscopic polypectomy at the Endoscopy Department of Shandong Cancer Hospital between June 2019 and September 2021. This cohort included 27 patients with inflammatory polyps and 13 with adenomatous polyps. We assessed fasting insulin (Fins), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and the mRNA expressions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the polyp tissues. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to ascertain the determinants influencing the emergence of adenomatous polyps. From these analyses, a predictive nomogram was constructed to forecast the occurrence of adenomatous polyps, and evaluations on the discriminative capacity, calibration, and clinical utility of the model were conducted. Results: The adenomatous polyp group exhibited markedly elevated levels of glucose, insulin, FGF-19, and IGF-1, with respective concentrations of (8.67±2.70) mmol/L, (12.72±7.69) μU/L, 2.20±1.88, and 1.36±0.69. These figures were significantly higher compared to the inflammatory polyp group, which showed levels of (5.51±0.72) mmol/L, (5.49±2.68) μU/L, 0.53±0.97, and 0.41±0.46, respectively, P=0.001. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the relative expression of IGF-1 served as an independent risk factor for the development of colorectal adenomatous polyps (OR=5.622, 95% CI:1.085-29.126). The nomogram displayed a C-index of 0.849, indicating substantial discriminative capability. The calibration curve affirmed the model's accuracy in aligning predicted probabilities with actual outcomes, and the clinical decision curve demonstrated thepractical clinical applicability of the model. Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between the occurrence of colorectal adenomatous polyps and glucose metabolic pathways. Individuals with diabetes showed a higher propensity to develop such polyps.

The Role of Sodium Fluoride Mouthwash in Regulating FGF-2 and TGF-β Expression in Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a fluoride application recommended by the World Health Organization for its efficacy and safety in preventing dental caries. Gingival fibroblasts that constitute the majority of connective tissue cells play a major role in wound healing via the expression of growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). This study examined the effect of NaF mouthwash on FGF-2 and TGF-β expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGnFs). Fibroblasts were exposed to a medium with 225 ppmF NaF for 1 min, then switched to either 15 ppmF NaF for continuous stimulation or no NaF for transient stimulation. Continuous NaF stimulation significantly increased the gene and protein expression of FGF-2 and TGF-β in HGnFs compared to controls, suggesting NaF's potential role in modulating periodontal tissue wound healing. Signaling pathway investigations showed the involvement of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Inhibiting CaMKII reduced NaF-induced FGF-2 and TGF-β expression, while ERK phosphorylation increased after NaF stimulation. These results highlight NaF mouthwash's potential in promoting wound healing in extraction sockets, particularly during the mixed dentition period. Understanding NaF's effects is clinically relevant due to the common use of fluoride products.

Caffeic acid ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via alleviating oxidative damage and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes through activating Nrf2 via targeting Keap1

Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the past, encompasses a range of liver pathological conditions marked by the excessive lipid accumulation. Consumption of coffee is closely associated with the reduced risk of MASLD. Caffeic acid (CA), a key active ingredient in coffee, exhibits notable hepatoprotective properties. This study aims to investigate the improvement of CA on MASLD and the engaged mechanism. Mice underwent a 12-week high-fat diet (HFD) regimen to induce MASLD, and liver pathology was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and oil red O (ORO) staining. Hepatic inflammation was evaluated by F4/80 and Ly6G immunohistochemistry (IHC) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurement. Pathways and transcription factors relevant to MASLD were analyzed by using microarray data from patients' livers. Oxidative damage was evaluated by detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used to validate the binding between CA and its target protein. CA significantly alleviated liver damage, steatosis and inflammatory injury, and reduced the elevated NAFLD activity score (NAS) in HFD-fed mice. Clinical data indicate that fatty acid metabolism and ROS generation are pivotal in MASLD progression. CA increased the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and β-Klotho (KLB), and promoted fatty acid consumption. Additionally, CA mitigated oxidative stress injury and activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). In primary hepatocytes isolated from Nrf2 knockout mice, CA's promotion on FGF21 release and inhibition on oxidative stress and lipotoxicity was disappeared. CA could directly bind to kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) that is an Nrf2 inhibitor protein. This study suggests that CA alleviates MASLD by reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity and oxidative damage through activating Nrf2 via binding to Keap1.

Impact of prenatal THC exposure on lipid metabolism and microbiota composition in rat offspring

ObjectiveRecent studies have demonstrated that prenatal exposure to the psychoactive ingredient of cannabis that is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) disrupts fatty acid (FA) signaling pathways in the developing brain, potentially linking to psychopathologic consequences. Our research aims to investigate whether changes in midbrain FA metabolism are linked to modifications in peripheral metabolism of FAs and shifts in microbiota composition. MethodsIn order to model prenatal exposure to THC (PTE) in rats, Sprague Dawley dams were systemically administered with THC (2 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle once daily from gestational day 5–20. To evaluate the metabolic impact of PTE in the offspring during preadolescence (postnatal day, PND, 25–28), we analyzed FA profiles and their bioactive metabolites in liver and midbrain tissues, and microbiota alterations. ResultsOur findings indicate that PTE leads to sex-specific metabolic changes. In both sexes, PTE resulted in increased liver de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and alterations in FA profiles, as well as changes in N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α). In females only, PTE influenced gene expression of PPAR-α and fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21). In male offspring only, PTE was associated with significantly reduced fasting glycaemia and with alterations in the levels of midbrain NAEs. Our analysis of the progeny gut microbiota revealed sex-dependent effects of PTE, notably an increased abundance of Ileibacterium in PTE-exposed male offspring, a change previously associated with the long-term effects of a maternal unbalanced diet. ConclusionsOur data suggest that in male PTE offspring a reduced fasting glycaemia, resulting from increased liver DNL and the absence of a compensatory effect by Ppar-α and FGF21 on glycemic homeostasis, are associated to alterations in midbrain NAEs ligands of PPAR-α. These metabolic changes within the midbrain, along with Ileibacterium abundance, may partly elucidate the heightened susceptibility to psychopathologic conditions previously observed in male offspring following PTE.

SP1 promotes high glucose-induced lens epithelial cell viability, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulating FGF7 and PI3K/AKT pathway.

Diabetic cataract (DC) is a common complication of diabetes and its etiology and progression are multi-factorial. In this study, the roles of specific protein 1 (SP1) and fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) in DC development were explored. DC cell model was established by treating SRA01/04 cells with high glucose (HG). MTT assay was conducted to evaluate cell viability. Transwell assay and wound-healing assay were performed to assess cell migration and invasion. Western blot assay and qRT-PCR assay were conducted to measure the expression of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Collagen I, Fibronectin, SP1 and FGF7 expression. CHIP assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were conducted to analyze the combination between FGF7 and SP1. FGF7 was upregulated in DC patients and HG-induced SRA01/04 cells. HG treatment promoted SRA01/04 cell viability, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while FGF7 knockdown abated the effects. Transcription factor SP1 activated the transcription level of FGF7 and SP1 overexpression aggravated HG-induced SRA01/04 cell injury. SP1 silencing repressed HG-induced SRA01/04 cell viability, migration, invasion and EMT, but these effects were ameliorated by upregulating FGF7. Additionally, SP1 knockdown inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway by regulating the transcription level of FGF7. Transcription factor SP1 activated the transcription level of FGF7 and the PI3K/AKT pathway to regulate HG-induced SRA01/04 cell viability, migration, invasion and EMT.

Gold nanoparticles coated with collagen-I and their wound healing activity in human skin fibroblast cells

The slow wound healing process has become a major health problem. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used in various biomedical applications because of their unique properties. Type I collagen (Collagen-I) is a protein and be the most abundant type of collagen. This type of collagen can help the surrounding structure to maintain its rigidity. In this study, we stabilized the surface of AuNPs using Collagen-I (Collagen-I@AuNPs) and investigated the effect of Collagen-I@AuNPs on wound healing. The evaluation of inflammatory cytokine secretion, which were interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), was performed. We found that Collagen-I@AuNPs reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in scratched human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. Furthermore, Collagen-I@AuNPs induced the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are key growth factors involved in wound healing. This results in enhanced wound closure. In addition, Collagen-I@AuNPs were not toxic to HSF cells and facilitated the cellular uptake of particles inside HSF cells. Therefore, Collagen-I@AuNPs is a promising candidate for wound healing enhancement.

1532-P: Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 by Medial Hypothalamic Neurons Is Required for Normal Glucose and Energy Homeostasis

1532-P: Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 by Medial Hypothalamic Neurons Is Required for Normal Glucose and Energy Homeostasis

Guilingji capsules enhances erectile function by promoting testosterone-dependent angiogenesis in the corpus cavernosum

Background and aimGuilingji capsules (GLJC) have the effect of treating erectile dysfunction (ED). This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of GLJC in treating ED. Experimental procedureWe conducted network pharmacology analysis of ED-related targets with GLJC components reported in the TCMSP database and GLJC components reported in the literature, respectively. Molecular docking was employed to validate the binding affinity of these molecular targets. Animal experiments were conducted to validate the aforementioned results. The mechanism of GLJC in treating ED was studied using d-galactose-induced aging rats, and orchiectomized rats were used to investigate further whether the mechanism of GLJC in treating ED is related to androgen. Results and conclusionsTwo network pharmacology analyses indicated that Androgen receptor (AR) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are the candidate targets, suggesting that the mechanism of ED treatment by GLJC may be related to androgens and angiogenesis. Molecular docking further validated the effective binding of GLJC components to these two targets. In animal experiments, GLJC significantly increased the frequency of erections and elevated serum free testosterone levels and penile tissue AR expression in aged rats. GLJC also promoted angiogenesis and inhibited penile tissue fibrosis in aged rats by regulating the expression of FGF2, RICTOR/P-AKT/P-FOXO1. However, such regulation was not observed in orchiectomized rats. Therefore, GLJC increased testosterone utilization in d-galactose-induced aging rats and regulated FGF2, RICTOR/P-AKT/P-FOXO1 signaling pathway in a T-dependent manner, promoting corpus cavernosum survival and angiogenesis. This mechanism led to the inhibition of penile fibrosis.

Knockdown the moyamoya disease susceptibility gene, RNF213, upregulates the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, progressive cerebrovascular occlusive disease. Ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) is a susceptibility gene of MMD. Previous studies have shown that the expression levels of angiogenic factors increase in MMD patients, but the relationship between the susceptibility gene RNF213 and these angiogenic mediators is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathogenesis of MMD by examining the effect of RNF213 gene knockdown on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). Firstly, 40 patients with MMD and 40 age-matched normal individuals (as the control group) were enrolled in the present study to detect the levels of MMP-9 and bFGF in serum by ELISA. Secondly, Sprague-Dawley male rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured using the whole bone marrow adhesion method, and subsequent phenotypic analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Alizarin red and oil red O staining methods were used to identify osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, respectively. Finally, third generation rBMSCs were transfected with lentivirus recombinant plasmid to knockout expression of the RNF213 gene. After successful transfection was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and fluorescence imaging, the expression levels of bFGF and MMP-9 mRNA in rBMSCs and the levels of bFGF and MMP-9 protein in the supernatant of the culture medium were detected on the 7th and 14th days after transfection. There was no significant difference in the relative expression level of bFGF among the three groups on the 7th day. For the relative expression level of MMP-9, there were significant differences on the 7th day and 14th day. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of bFGF in the supernatant of the RNF213 shRNA group culture medium, while there was a significant difference in the expression level of MMP-9. The knockdown of the RNF213 gene affects the expression of bFGF and MMP-9. However, further studies are needed to determine how they participate in the pathogenesis of MMD. The findings of the present study provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of MMD.