This study aims to examine the association between TV exposure and influenza incidence in China, and the modification effect of PM2.5 levels. Data on daily influenza cases, weather conditions, and PM2.5 concentrations were collected from 339 cities across mainland China from 2014 to 2019. TV was computed as the standard deviation of daily maximum and minimum temperatures for the current day and the previous several days (i.e., TV0-1 to TV0-7). A space-time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional Poisson regression was employed. Overall, each 1°C increase in TV0-6 was linked to 3.3% (95% CI: 3.1%, 3.5%) rise in influenza incidence, potentially attributing 14.73% (95% CI: 14.08%, 15.37%) of cases to this exposure. PM2.5 concentration showed substantial modification effect on the association, such that the relative risk (RR) of influenza incidence grew from 1.027 (95% CI: 1.025, 1.029) to 1.040 (95% CI: 1.038, 1.042) as PM2.5 levels increased from 15 to 75μg/m³. Females and individuals over 65 years old were more susceptible to TV exposure and the PM2.5 modification. Stronger effects were observed during cold season and in North region. The findings highlight the integrating considerations of TV and PM2.5 exposures into public health measures for influenza prevention and control.