Expository Articles Research Articles

Collection of Three Monographs Pertaining to Quaternionic Analysis

This particular submission contains (inter alia) copies of three (3) monographs, whose purpose is to further elaborate upon various topics having been enunciated in the author’s previous set of submissions, namely – (a) “A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PARTS 1/10 to 10/10.” (b) “Supplementary Notes pertaining to a Specific Quaternion Analogue of the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem.” Which have been published under the ‘VIXRA’ Mathematics subheading: - ‘Functions and Analysis’. II. Copy of Author’s Original Monograph No.1. (1) Title of Monograph:- “Correlation of Specific Results having been enunciated in Various Expository Articles and Papers.” Re: - Mathematical Paper, thus entitled – “A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions.” (2) Date of Completion: - 14th June 2018. (3) Total number of A4 pages to follow = 22. (4) Referee’s Assessment:- For further details, the reader should accordingly refer to the contents of Appendix A1.

Accentuating the “Magazine” in AI Magazine

While we will continue to have special issues from time to time, most issues of AI Magazine going forward will contain a mixture of expository articles and reports and columns on a variety of topics.

Heini Halberstam, 1926-2014

Heini Halberstam, 1926-2014

Behaviors, Latent Variables, and Interconnections (Special Issue on Mathematical Approaches to System Engineering Expository Articles)

Behaviors, Latent Variables, and Interconnections (Special Issue on Mathematical Approaches to System Engineering Expository Articles)

Expository AI Applications

At AI Magazine, we are incrementally moving towards expository articles that are accessible to the broader AI community. It is important that the AI community at large has access to serious AI research but in a language it can understand.

Japanese Learners’ Reading Strategies and Oral Interlanguages

This study described and analyzed the reading strategies and interlanguage of EFL learners. Four Japanese subjects were tasked to read aloud, think aloud, and make comments to two short expository articles. Recorded oral reading activities, informal interviews, observations, and teachers’ progress reports were used as instruments. Results revealed that monitoring strategies predominated among the reading strategies employed. Furthermore, first language phonological transfer evident in the phonological processes such as substitution, deletion, and addition of sounds were observed in the utterances. Consequently, Nihongo as the first language of the subjects affected their ability to accomplish their oral reading tasks with ease. These strategies and evidences of interlanguage reflected EFL learners’ ways in understanding and articulating reading materials in English as a foreign language by using electronic dictionaries and asking the teachers for verification.

Semicompeting risks in aging research: methods, issues and needs.

A semicompeting risks problem involves two-types of events: a nonterminal and a terminal event (death). Typically, the nonterminal event is the focus of the study, but the terminal event can preclude the occurrence of the nonterminal event. Semicompeting risks are ubiquitous in studies of aging. Examples of semicompeting risk dyads include: dementia and death, frailty syndrome and death, disability and death, and nursing home placement and death. Semicompeting risk models can be divided into two broad classes: models based only on observables quantities (class [Formula: see text]) and those based on potential (latent) failure times (class [Formula: see text]). The classical illness-death model belongs to class [Formula: see text]. This model is a special case of the multistate models, which has been an active area of methodology development. During the past decade and a half, there has also been a flurry of methodological activity on semicompeting risks based on latent failure times ([Formula: see text] models). These advances notwithstanding, the semicompeting risks methodology has not penetrated biomedical research, in general, and gerontological research, in particular. Some possible reasons for this lack of uptake are: the methods are relatively new and sophisticated, conceptual problems associated with potential failure time models are difficult to overcome, paucity of expository articles aimed at educating practitioners, and non-availability of readily usable software. The main goals of this review article are: (i) to describe the major types of semicompeting risks problems arising in aging research, (ii) to provide a brief survey of the semicompeting risks methods, (iii) to suggest appropriate methods for addressing the problems in aging research, (iv) to highlight areas where more work is needed, and (v) to suggest ways to facilitate the uptake of the semicompeting risks methodology by the broader biomedical research community.

Thomas Young’s Surface Tension Diagram: Its History, Legacy, and Irreconcilabilities

The Young diagram for determining the contact angle at a triple interface formed by two fluids with a solid, although based on speculative reasoning, found on its publication in 1805 a universal acceptance, without reservation. Later expository articles pointed out consequences that had initially been overlooked, but which were consistent in the specific configurations considered. More recently, reasoning disputing the construction has appeared, and examples—the most recent of them by the present initial author—were introduced, putting the underlying concept into serious doubt. Nevertheless, the construction remains firmly embedded in the curricula of major universities and institutes throughout the world; it continues to be used in engineering design, and two articles emphatically defending it have appeared recently in major journals. In the present note we outline past literature and provide a more precise statement of the Young criterion than is customary. We present explicit examples displaying contradictions arising from it, and corresponding erroneous reasoning in one of the articles defending the criterion (the other having already been refuted in an earlier publication). Finally, we call attention to a direct conflict between the Young construction as interpreted in that article and the classical Wilhelmy method for measuring surface tension at fluid/fluid interfaces.

Collaborative sense-making in print and digital text environments

This study describes the sense-making behaviors of sixth- and seventh-grade students (n = 46 dyads) as they read and discussed expository articles in print and digital formats. Most dyads approached the digital text as if it were static and linear, despite the availability of hyperlinks. Reading through (or covering) the text was the most commonly observed behavior, occurring in 89% of the coded intervals in the print condition and 76% of intervals in the digital condition. Students were observed discussing a variety of cognitive and metacognitive strategies. The most common strategies were process monitoring, summarizing, connecting, and reacting. The dyads used at least one overt sense-making strategy in about 50% of the intervals when reading the print text and about 65% of the intervals with the digital text. Previewing and progress monitoring, which serve important planning and self-regulative functions, were used more frequently in the digital condition. Regression analyses show that several collaborative behaviors were associated with text comprehension, as measured by a researcher-designed multiple choice test, in the print condition but not in the digital condition. These included word recognition monitoring (β = 1.84; SE = 0.90; p = .05), summarizing (β = 2.43; SE = 1.21; p = .05), and connecting (β = −5.20; SE = 2.06; p = .02) at the student level and attending to illustrations (γ = −7.08; SE = 2.17; p = .003) at the dyad level. In both conditions, prior reading achievement and prior knowledge were strong predictors of comprehension.

A Catholic Public School in the making: Beaumont College during the Rectorate of the reverend Joseph M. Bampton, S.J. (1901–1908). His implementation of the “Captain” system of discipline

This article traces the rectorate of Fr. Joseph M. Bampton, S.J. at St. Stanislaus' College (or “Beaumont College”), a Jesuit boarding school for boys opened in 1861 near Windsor (Berkshire, England). Although Bampton did not succeed to a flourishing school (the number of students was then extremely small), his term of office (1901–1908) was so productive that Beaumont received recognition as a public school with the admission of its Rector to the Headmasters' Conference (HMC) in 1906. Several factors which made this recognition possible, and which Beaumont shared with its Protestant counterparts (Eton was only a few miles upstream on the other side of the Thames), are analysed: character formation, athleticism, scholarship, Oxford and Cambridge links, leadership, gentry aspirations, intimacy with aristocracy and royalty, and military spirit. Prominent among them (and of special relevance in this study), is Bampton's introduction of the “Captain” system of discipline, or government of boys by boys, as opposed to the age‐long Jesuit system of strict and “ceaseless” boy supervision by masters of discipline or prefects. The latter was the method pursued at Stonyhurst (Lancashire), the “doyen” of the Jesuit colleges in England, and also at the sister educational establishments of France and Spain. The practice of surveillance in French and Spanish colleges run by the Society of Jesus also receives its due share of attention. At once, Bampton's method invites comparison with the reforms introduced by Thomas Arnold (1795–1842) at Rugby in the 1830s. Like Arnold, Fr. Bampton had to face opposition from his community, but his strong will and determination enabled him to pass on to his successor a school restored to its former prosperity. By the 1920s, the “Captain” system of discipline had become a Beaumont tradition which was copied even by Stonyhurst, for so long the sanctuary of Jesuit orthodoxy. For the explanation of Bampton's scheme, “revolutionary” in a Jesuit college, both unpublished material written in the Rector's own hand and the expository articles from his pen which appeared in The Beaumont Review, the school magazine, have been drawn upon. An Appendix at the end of the article gives the names of all the Beaumont Captains between 1901 and 1908.

Gender of Primary Authors and Types of Research in Three Rehabilitation Counseling Journals

The authors reviewed all articles published in three rehabilitation counseling journals from 1990 through 1999 to identify the gender of the primary author for each article and the type of article. It was found that men were more likely to be the primary authors of empirical and expository articles in each journal; however, this difference was not significant.

RESOURCES: Organizing Entropy

Originally the bailiwick of thermodynamicists, entropy—a measure of the amount of disorder in a closed system—has spread to fields ranging from information theory to political science and has even infiltrated literature and the arts. Much of the impetus for this expansion came from the work of information theorist Claude Shannon, whose 1948 theory of communication laid the foundation for the Internet. Bringing a little local order to the scattered applications of entropy is a Web site maintained by Roland Gunesch, a mathematics grad student at Penn State. The site holds dozens of links to expository articles, research groups, and software on various related subjects—from measuring entropy in DNA sequences to using entropy to quantify voting habits. It's not all dry academic stuff. Try out the Shannonizer, a self-described “Web toy with delusions of literacy,” which will translate your choice of text into nonsense in the style of authors ranging from Hunter S. Thompson to God.

Female Publication Patterns in School Psychology Review, Journal of School Psychology, and School Psychology Quarterly from 1985–1994

We reviewed articles published in School Psychology Review, Journal of School Psychology, and School Psychology Quarterly from 1985–1994 and used time-series graphs to display the proportion of female authors (primary and secondary authors) of empirical and expository articles. Statistical analysis procedures also were used to test for significant differences between male and female publication rates across article types. While men were more likely to be primary and secondary authors of articles, an increasing trend in female authorship was evident. When articles were separated by type (i.e., empirical or expository), the data showed an increase in the proportion of females as authors of empirical but not expository articles. Variables that may account for these findings are explored. These variables include an increase in female school psychology faculty and researchers' experience. The effects that current trends may have upon school psychology journal literature are discussed.

Eta-quotients and elliptic curves

In this paper we list all the weight 2 newforms f(r) that are products and quotients of the Dedekind eta-function 71(r) = 1/24 17 (1 qn) n=1 where q := e2iT,. There are twelve such f (r), and we give a model for the strong Weil curve E whose Hasse-Weil L-function is the Mellin transform for each of them. Five of the f(T) have complex multiplication, and we give elementary formulae for their Fourier coefficients which are sums of Hecke Gr6ssencharacter values. These formulae follow easily from well known q-series infinite product identities. In light of the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by A. Wiles and R. Taylor, there have been many expository articles describing the nature of the ShimuraTaniyama conjecture, the conjecture which asserts that every elliptic curve E over Q is modular. This implies that the Hasse-Weil L-function of an elliptic curve E with conductor N over Q,

A Serendipitous Encounter with the Cantor Ternary Function

Felipe Martins obtained his mathematical education at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (B.Sc. and M.Sc), and Brown University (Ph.D.) and is currently an assistant professor at Cleveland State University. His research concentrates on stochastic optimal control and applications to queueing theory. As a teacher, he is constantly searching for interesting problems to challenge his students. In the process, he decided to try writing expository articles.

A study of cognitive mapping as a means to improve summarization and comprehension of expository text

Abstract The study investigated the effects of cognitive mapping on written summarization and comprehension of expository text. Fifty‐one freshmen students participated in the study. The mapping treatment consisted of the development of cognitive maps which graphically illustrated the interrelationships of ideas in expository articles the students read. Following the treatment, students read three expository articles in the Organizational Patterns Test (OPT) with the following rhetorical organizations: enumeration, thesis‐proof, and problem‐solution. The mapping treatment groups scored significantly higher on holistic scores based on written summarizations of thesis‐proof and problem‐solution articles. Mapping treatment students also identified more details, which were used to support main ideas, than did nonmapping students. Moreover, mapping treatment groups used significantly more cohesive ties in writing their summarizations than did the nonmapping group. In addition, mapping students wrote longer and...

Publications of J. Gani*

Australian Journal of StatisticsVolume 30A, Issue 1 p. 1-13 Publications of J. Gani* First published: May 1988 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.1988.tb00459.x † *Papers and books of general interest, as well as expository articles are marked with an asterisk. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume30A, Issue1May 1988Pages 1-13 RelatedInformation

On ethics at chairside

On ethics at chairside

Almost split sequences in dimension two

(a) (*) does not split. (b) If h: X-r C, is a morphism in C which is not a splittable epimorphism in C, then there is a t: X+ C, such that gt = h. (c) If j: Ci + Y is a morphism in C which is not a splittable monomorphism in C, then there is an s: C, + Y in C such that j = sf Almost split sequences were first introduced by us in the case A is the category of finitely generated modules over an artin algebra /i and C = A (see [6, 71). The reader is referred to the expository articles [ 11, 121 for an account of the role almost split sequences have played in the theory of the representation theory of artin algebras. That almost split sequences exist for various subcategories of module categories over a much wider class of rings than artin algebras was first shown in [2, 31, where various existence theorems for almost split sequences were given. These results seemed to indicate that there might be connections between the structure and existence of almost split sequences and algebraic geometry. Recent developments show that this is indeed the case. In [4] it is shown that the structure of the almost split sequences in the category of reflexive modules of a complete rational double point over the complex numbers determines the desingularization graph of the singularity. Also it has been shown in [S] that a complete Cohen-Macaulay local ring S is an isolated singularity if and only if the category of Cohen-Macaulay

The Classification of the Finite Simple Groups

The classification of the finite simple groups was completed sometime during the summer of 1980. To the extent that I can reconstruct things, the last piece in the puzzle was filled in by Ronald Solomon of Ohio State University. At the other chronological extreme, the theory of finite groups can be traced back to its beginnings in the early nineteenth century in the work of Abel, Cauchy, and Galois. Hence the problem of classifying the finite simple groups has a history of over a century and a half. The proof of the Classification Theorem is made up of thousands of pages in various mathematical journals with at least another thousand pages still left to appear in print. Many mathematicians have contributed to the proof; some have spent their entire mathematical lives working on the problem. The problem itself is one of the most natural in mathematics: the group is one of the fundamental structures of modern mathematics; the finite groups are a natural subclass of the class of all groups. Moreover, the finite group theorist is quickly led to consider simple groups via the composition series of a group, and if he is optimistic, to the hope that the finite simple groups might be determined explicitly and much of the structure of the arbitrary finite group retrieved from that of its composition factors. Despite all of this, and despite the fact that most mathematicians learn this much group theory before receiving their Ph.D., the average mathematician does not seem to known much about the classification problem or the mathematics developed to solve it. Within the obvious space limitations of this article, I hope to convey some idea of how the finite simple groups are classified and to relate some of the history of the effort. A more complete description appears in [6], while a very detailed two volume account (by Daniel Gorenstein) is in preparation. A preliminary version of the first quarter of Gorenstein's work appears in [19]. The proceedings of two recent conferences on simple groups containing expository articles on the classification will soon appear in [12] and [13]. Finally an article by Walter Feit on the history of finite group theory through 1961 will appear in [14]. I have included a reasonably lengthy bibliography. Still, many important papers are omitted as they are not directly encountered in the brief outline provided. Other fundamental papers have yet to appear. More complete bibliographies are contained in some of the books mentioned above. Section 1. The Finite Simple Groups