Export Experience Research Articles

Assessing the evolution and perspectives of developing the russian export in current terms: adoption of the 4P model

The study’s relevance is caused due to the Russian export experiences, which acts as a research subject. Goal is to reveal current peculiarities of Russian export. As methodical tool the model of marketing mix was applied, which includes product, price, place, promotion. The analysis has shown: the Russian economy, to promote its export in new terms, uses marketing with new characteristics. The bigger are become the share in it of agricultural and metallurgical products, the share of developing countries among buyers. Promoting the export is provided including through the free trade zones of the Eurasian economic union with the third countries, common trade and cooperation areas with them. State support for import substitution assists to create the production able to export. Scientific contribution of the research results consists in that they expand application of micro-economic marketing mix model on export of national economy as a whole. The results received make possible to study in complex and simultaneously in detail the strengths and weaknesses of export, including the volume and structure of export, price dynamics, currency and financial, transport, trade and diplomatic peculiarities of sale.

ESG and firm performance: The effects of foreigners on board and export orientation

AbstractThis study investigates whether environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures enhance industry‐adjusted firm performance and whether the presence of foreigners on board and export orientation affect this relationship. The Taiwan dataset from 2013 to 2020 indicates that ESG practices positively affect accounting‐ and market‐based performance (i.e., adjusted Tobin's Q and adjusted MTB ratio). However, ESG has no significant relationship with purely market‐based performance (i.e., adjusted Jensen Alpha and adjusted FF3). The results illustrate a significant joint effect of ESG with foreigners on board and export experience on accounting and market‐based performance. The findings provide deeper insight into the complex relationship between sustainability practices, ownership structures, and international businesses. Our findings remain consistent when using alternative estimation methods to account for endogeneity and selection bias.

How and when does digitalization influence export performance? A meta-analysis of its consequences and contingencies

PurposeThis study aims to clarify the direct impact of digitalization on export performance (EP) by synthesizing previous research and testing this relationship empirically. Furthermore, the study investigates digitalization types, contextual moderators and method moderators affecting the impact of digitalization on EP.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses meta-analysis to test the digitalization–EP relationship (k = 81) using data from 106 independent samples involving 62,082 respondents across nearly 30 countries.FindingsThe study finds digitalization’s positive and significant effect on EP (r = 0.36). The impact of digitalization on EP is also subject to different moderators, including digitalization type (i.e. digital capabilities), contextual factors (i.e. institutions, export experience, development of the region and industry) and method factors (i.e. back translation and strategy measurement).Originality/valueScholars have initiated studies on the impacts of diverse digitalization types on EP, while empirical findings on these effects remain inconclusive. Based on resource-based theory, the study develops and validates a comprehensive meta-analytic framework, revealing the important influence of digitalization on EP. The moderator findings further highlight the impact of internal and external contingencies on the outcomes of exporting firms’ digitalization.

When are tariff cuts not enough? Heterogeneous effects of trade preferences for the least developed countries

Poor countries export a remarkably narrow range of products. To what extent have trade preferences targeted to the least developed countries (LDCs) changed this situation? We study a large set of recent reforms to the LDC trade preferences offered by OECD countries. Leveraging trade policy variation by importer, exporter, product and year, we show that tariff reductions have increased the prevalence of positive trade flows. However, new flows have been far more likely to emerge in cases with previous ‘export experience’, i.e. where countries already exported the same product to another OECD country, or exported a related product to the same importer. So this wave of tariff cuts for LDCs has resulted in an extension of existing patterns of trade rather than wider export diversification.

How Does Government Information Access Interplay with Resources of Emerging Market Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises for Innovation? Evidence from Vietnam

This study integrates the (extended) resource-based view (ERBV/RBV) and non-market strategy (i.e., corporate political activity) to investigate the role of internal and external resources as drivers of innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises in emerging markets (ESMEs). Using primary data from 192 Vietnam SMEs collected between 2014 and 2016, we adopted a partial least square estimation to examine our hypotheses, supplemented by ordinary least square and unobserved heterogeneity tests for robustness. Our PLS-SEM results reveal that firms with intangible resources, from human capital investment to political connections, are more likely to innovate. While the positive effect of human capital investment on innovation is not moderated by government information access, the impact of political connections as an extended resource is significantly enhanced by access to government information. On the other hand, international export experience is not related to innovation by itself, but it is positively moderated by government information access, suggesting that engaging in international markets alone is insufficient. This study contributes to the emerging market literature by examining the effects of intangible resources and political connections on ESMEs’ innovation and highlighting the role of government information as a non-market strategy access in enhancing these relationships.

수입국의 규제와 정부의 요인이 무역원활화에 미치는 영향

Purpose: This study aimed to empirically analyze how the institutional quality of importing countries affects the trade facilitation of domestic exporting companies. Research design, data, and methodology: This study first distributed questionnaires and collected responses from domestic exporting companies listed by KOTRA, KITA, and those participating in relevant training programs. Subsequently, the indices from the WGI of the World Bank were used to assess the regulatory strictness and government trustworthiness of the export destination countries. Poisson regression analysis was conducted using STATA 17 SE based on the collected data. Results: The analysis indicated that regulatory strictness increases the frequency of origin verification, while government trustworthiness decreases the frequency of origin verification. The moderating effect of export experience mitigates the impact of regulatory strictness but does not affect government trustworthiness. Conclusions: Companies should understand the regulations and characteristics of the importing country's government to reduce the factors that hinder trade facilitation and promote trade. In addition, gaining diverse export experience can help mitigate the impact of regulatory strictness.

Unlocking personal data from online services: user studies on data export experiences and data transfer scenarios

ABSTRACT In recent years, online services have started to make personal data of users more accessible by offering dedicated ways of exporting data. The introduction of download portals is associated with increasing demands by privacy regulations regarding the rights of users, such as the Right of Access (Art. 15) and the Right to Data Portability (Art. 20) of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). These rights aim to empower users by increasing their control over the personal data that online services hold about them. They allow users to export their personal data and thereby gain insights on the scope of personal data held by the services and to transfer this data to other services. However, until now, little is known about how users experience and evaluate the process of accessing and exporting their data and how it impacts individual-level factors such as privacy-related attitudes (i.e. attitudes regarding sharing personal data, perceived control over data, and using privacy-protective strategies). In this paper, we report the results of an online survey with an experimental condition (N = 728) and a second online survey (N = 817) where participants from two university courses were asked to request real data exports from online services and inspect the exported data afterward. We find that inspecting exported personal data has a statistically significant positive effect on users’ privacy-related attitudes. However, users perceive limited usefulness in switching scenarios where personal data is transferred to a new substitutional service and rather prefer to use the data at multiple complementary services.

Why do low productivity agricultural firms export?

ABSTRACT We use data from Chinese agricultural firms to confirm that low productivity agricultural firms (LP-AFs) export; AFs still have an ‘learning by exporting effect’, and increasing productivity promotes the AFs’ exports scale. China’s domestic market segmentation, the supply and demand capacities of agricultural products, and export experience of firms are key variables that determine the export of LP-AFs in China.

Whose Aid is Beneficial to Firms' Exports? Evidence from a Post‐disaster Aid Experiment in China

AbstractPost‐disaster aid is widely regarded as important in helping local recovery and development. This paper examines the effectiveness of post‐disaster aid on exports, which are a driving factor of economic development. It reports a natural experiment in China – the case of post‐disaster aid following the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 – to examine how donors' experiences affected the exports of manufacturing firms in disaster‐stricken counties. The export experience of the donor was important. Aid coming from donors with more export experience was more beneficial to the exports of firms in recipient counties than aid from less experienced donors. “Learning from the donor” is a potential channel through which this effect occurred. That is, firms in recipient counties learned from donors' export experience by exporting more products similar to those of donors, exporting more to the destination countries of donors, and participating in the donors' supply‐chain networks by exporting more of the donors' exports. Such “learning from the donor” effects show that knowledge spillover can occur between spatially distant parties, which complements the literature.

Mitigating the unwillingness to exchange knowledge: a focus on exporters’ networks

PurposeThis paper aims to explain the unwillingness to exchange export knowledge by members of exporters’ networks and provides potential solutions to this problem.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data from a survey of 301 members of a French exporter’s network to test a set of hypotheses with partial least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsNetwork participants’ export experience and age have a negative influence on their willingness to exchange knowledge. However, positive attitudes toward the network (perception of network quality, commitment) can mitigate those negative links.Practical implicationsNetwork members’ unwillingness to exchange knowledge represents a major challenge that threatens the existence of knowledge networks. The findings suggest solutions to this issue for network managers.Originality/valueThis study views knowledge exchange in a network as a risky behavior. It explains why members do not participate in networks. The model shows how contrary forces work and interact to deter or foster knowledge exchange.

Internationalization of renewable energy base businesses with a combined approach to networking and collaborative competition

The global transition towards renewable energy sources necessitates the internationalization of renewable energy businesses to effectively address the growing demand and capitalize on emerging market opportunities. However, lacking a robust operational model tailored specifically to this field poses considerable challenges. Addressing these gaps, this study presents a powerful framework that combines networking and collaborative competition strategies to facilitate the international expansion of renewable energy businesses.Through a questionnaire survey of 70 managers from energy companies with export experience, the collected data was analyzed using the partial least squares test. The findings demonstrate the significant impact of networking and collaborative competition on key factors such as entrepreneurial opportunity, competition motivation, and existing renewable energy technologies. Moreover, the model highlights the significance of partnerships, alliances, and cooperative ventures in fostering cross-border collaboration and overcoming market entry barriers. The implications of this research contribute to the theoretical understanding of internationalization strategies in the renewable energy domain and provide practical guidance for renewable energy entrepreneurs and policy-makers seeking to navigate the complex dynamics of the global marketplace. Ultimately, this model offers a comprehensive framework that enables renewable energy-based businesses to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and competitive international landscape.

RMB RESILIENCE STRATEGIES TO DRIVE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AMID THE GLOBAL CRISIS

The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of RMB exchange rate fluctuations on the strategic decisions of Chinese companies in the context of their export activity in the foreign market. The research methodology is based on integrated annual customs data for the period 2014–2021 and econometric analysis. The upward fluctuations in the level of the real effective exchange rate of the RMB encourage companies to withdraw from foreign markets and lead to a significant slowdown in companies’ export market entry. At the same time, companies with foreign capital are able to cope with currency risks to a much greater extent than companies with state and private participation. The analysis of company characteristics based on the principle of differentiation shows that company performance, profit volume, business scale, and export experience of a company can lead to a delay in the favorable effect of RMB appreciation for companies leaving export markets. This article provides valuable guidance for companies on strategies to avoid currency risks and make effective management decisions in the context of exports.

The Impact of Green Institutional Pressure from Local Governments on Corporate Innovation: An Empirical Evidence from Foreign-Invested Enterprises in China

The natural environment of the human world has been deteriorating over the past few decades, and policies to protect the environment are receiving increasing attention from governments worldwide. The question of how green institutional pressures from local governments impact corporate behaviors, especially innovation behaviors, is a critical issue. However, the link between local governments’ institutional pressures and corporate innovative behaviors remains a matter of some dispute. This paper compiles data from foreign-invested enterprises in China, using the frequency of green development terms in the Chinese local governments’ annual reports as a key variable, and discusses the influence of local governments’ green institutional pressure on corporate innovation. The conclusions of this paper demonstrate that local governments’ institutional pressure has a promoting effect on corporate innovation, while the home country’s level of green knowledge reservoir has a negative moderating effect on this influence. Moreover, this conclusion exhibits heterogeneity across corporate nature, industry attributes, location characteristics, export experience and home country type.

Do National Export Promotion Programs in Indonesia support export competitiveness?

This study examines the influence of export promotion programs (EPPs) in Indonesia on companies' resources, capabilities, strategies, and competitiveness, and whether such programs positively impact export performance and finances. Using data from 204 exporting companies in Indonesia and the structural equation model for analysis, this study finds that participation in EPPs reinforces the organizational resources and exporting capabilities needed for developing successful export strategies. This allows for the creation of competitive advantages in export costs, product superiority, and effective distribution, which in turn increases performance in terms of market share and finance. The results also indicate that the effect of EPPs is relatively more significant on small companies and those with more export experience. They confirm that EPPs have the most significant impact on firms’ resources and capabilities, and that assistance programs that aim to improve organizational capabilities are needed to enhance marketing strategies. While innovative capabilities and business intelligence offer great potential to support export performance, EPP-type assistance programs have not been adequately developed in Indonesia.

Horticulture producer's willingness to participate in contract-based supply chain coordination: A case study from Queensland (Australia).

Product export provides an option for horticulture producers in Queensland (Australia) to diversify their market and increase returns from production. Vertical supply chain coordination in the form of contract-based marketing agreements between producers and export agents/distributors could facilitate increased export. The aim of this study was to investigate the willingness of horticulture producers to participate in export focused contract-based marketing agreements. To achieve this aim, a survey including a discrete choice experiment was conducted. The results from a mixed logit model and a latent class model suggest that there are three clusters of producers: a) the export interested, b) the likely risk averse, and c) those well established in the domestic markets. Only producers in group a) expressed a preference for contract-based export marketing agreements. These producers appear to be younger, already have some export experience, and have a relatively high level of collaboration in their product supply chains. Producers in groups b) and c) expressed an interest in stronger coordination within the domestic retail sector, potentially in the form of contract farming. Prices of produce and potential higher production costs are determinants identified by all producer groups as important for their decision-making about changes to their supply chain.

Sequentially exporting products across countries

Exploiting disaggregated data on French exporters, we show that firms expand their product scope and geographical presence sequentially. This process of internationalization is uneven over time, exhibiting more volatility early than later in the life cycle of exporters. Specifically, young exporters are particularly likely to exit, and if they keep exporting, to expand at the intensive and sub-extensive margins, doing so by widening product scope within a destination before entering new destinations. We also find that firms' core products are particularly resilient despite being used to “test the waters” when entering additional countries. Existing models of firm export dynamics are not designed to explain these empirical regularities. We argue that they can be rationalized by a mechanism where new exporters are uncertain about the profitability of their products in different markets, but learn from their initial export experiences and then adjust their sales, number of products and destination countries accordingly.

The Value of Managers' Export Experience: Lessons from the Angolan Civil War

Abstract We investigate how managers help firms grow by entering a new export market. We conduct an event study on the decision to export to Angola using data on Portuguese firms and workers. We evaluate the impact of the presence of managers with experience in exporting to the Angolan market on a firm's entry success in the aftermath of an exogenous shock: the sudden end of the Angolan civil war. We show that the presence of managers doubles the probability of a firm entering the market. We do not find any significant impact on the intensive margin of exports.

Collective Reputation in Trade: Evidence from the Chinese Dairy Industry

Abstract The existence of collective reputation implies an important externality. Among firms trading internationally, quality shocks about one firm's products could affect the demand of other firms from the same origin country. We study such a reputation spillover in the context of a large-scale scandal that affected the Chinese dairy industry in 2008. Leveraging detailed firm-product level administrative data and official quality inspection reports, we document sizable reputation spillovers on uncontaminated firms. We further investigate potential mechanisms that could mediate the strength of collective reputation, including information accuracy, observability of the supply chain, and prior export experience.

A vicarious learning perspective on the relationship between home-peer performance and export intensity among SMEs

PurposeHome-peer firms (i.e. firms from the same industry and country) noticeably influence the internationalization behavior of small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Drawing from vicarious learning literature, the authors theorize how home-peer firms' success in export markets affects SMEs' export intensity into those markets.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the hypotheses on a sample of 32,108 Canadian SME exporters. A Tobit model was used to examine the effect of home-peer performance and its interactions with firm age, export experience, and geographic and institutional distance on export entry intensity.FindingsThe authors find that SMEs are more likely to enter export markets with higher intensity if home-peer firms perform well in those markets. This home-peer influence is stronger when the SME lacks export experience, when the home-peer information is more recent, and when environmental uncertainty is high.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to show empirically that the performance of home-peers positively influences the export intensity of SMEs in international markets, suggesting that SMEs use this measure to inform their internationalization strategies.

수출기업의 내부역량과 FTA 원산지검증 요청빈도 간의 관계에 관한 실증연구

The increase of the FTA concluded increased the share of trade, but also increased the demand for verification of origin. The verification of origin is conducted for the purpose of prevention of bypass import of third domestic products and prevention of customs tariffs on exported goods. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the FTA support of the management team, the export experience of the professional manpower, the operation and education of the departments of origin, and the frequency of requesting the verification of origin. A total of 384 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis. The experience of exporting the skilled workforce and the operation and education of the departments responsible for the origin are determined to have a negative impact on the frequency of request for origin verification, and both hypotheses were adopted. However, the FTA support of the management and the ability to prepare for origin verification did not affect the frequency of request for country of origin verification, and both hypotheses were rejected.