Export Commitment Research Articles

How to successfully adapt distribution strategy in exporting? The moderating effects of commitment and responsiveness

PurposeDrawing on the resource-based view, this study examines the effect of distribution adaptation on export performance. The study also examines the moderating role of responsiveness and commitment. Two distinct factors for commitment (i.e. managerial export commitment and financial export commitment) and two distinct factors for responsiveness (i.e. export customer responsiveness and export competitor responsiveness) are considered as moderators in the relationship between distribution adaptation and export performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing a Spanish governmental database of exporting firms, this study collected data from 208 firms to run the analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that distribution adaptation has a positive impact on export performance. Findings also support the moderating roles of the two types of commitment and the two types of responsiveness. Managerial export commitment positively moderates the relationship, whereas financial export commitment plays a negative moderating role. Both export customer responsiveness and export competitor responsiveness have a positive moderating impact.Originality/valueTo consider distribution adaptation as a distinct variable rather than mixing it with other elements of the marketing mix. This distinction facilitates a clearer comprehension of its unique contribution to export performance. Two distinct factors for commitment and two distinct factors for responsiveness are considered. This approach offers a more detailed analysis of how the different aspects of commitment and responsiveness moderate this relationship.

The impact of Kahramanmaraş (2023) earthquakes: A comparative case study for Adıyaman and Malatya

This study examines the effects of two major earthquakes of magnitude 7.7 and 7.6 that struck Kahramanmaraş on February 6th, 2023, followed by a magnitude 6.4 quake in Hatay on February 20th, which caused major damage in 11 Turkish provinces. The study focuses on Adıyaman and Malatya and uses an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the economic and environmental impacts. Primary data sources, including field visits and interviews, reveal clear labor-related challenges in both provinces, characterized by a government-induced labor shortage. In both provinces, physical capital has been severely damaged, particularly affecting small businesses, historic bazaars, and old industrial areas. The impact on businesses varies by size and location, with Adıyaman suffering more severe setbacks than other cities. The shortage of skilled labor related to the earthquake damage affects the quality of production, which can have a serious economic impact. Transportation disruptions continue to hamper supply chains and affect companies' ability to meet their export commitments. The environmental consequences, particularly the large amount of debris, pose a major challenge. The lack of a comprehensive disaster waste plan at the central government level leads to inadequate waste management. The study recommends sorting the debris at temporary sites to obtain reusable items while paying attention to the sustainability and transparency of debris management processes. In summary, this comparative case study highlights the need for tailored approaches to address the different impacts in the 11 provinces. A one-size-fits-all solution is insufficient and an individual needs assessment is needed for each province in order to implement targeted economic and environmental recovery measures.

Export knowledge, export commitment and coffee export performance in Ethiopia

Export performance is the success or failure of a company in exporting locally produced goods or services to other countries. This study aimed to analyze the effect of export knowledge and export commitment on coffee export performance with the mediating role of product adaptation in Ethiopian coffee exporting companies. The study employed a quantitative research method, and data were collected from 273 sampled companies engaged in coffee exporting in the country. In addition, this study used a structured questionnaire to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and PLS-SEM version 3.2.8 to test the causal relationships between the constructs. The results revealed that factors such as export knowledge, export commitment, and product adaptation significantly influence the export performance of coffee companies in the country. Moreover, product adaptation also mediated the relationship between export knowledge, export commitment, and export performance. The study’s finding implies that sufficient export knowledge, export commitment, and adapting product can increase export performance. As a result, the research makes three main scientific contributions: first, it explains how export knowledge and export commitment are used to improve export performance. Second, it adds knowledge to the existing export performance literature by examining the mediating role of product adaptation. Third, it presents evidence from a less-studied developing country like Ethiopia. Finally, the study provided strategic recommendations based on empirical evidence. Accordingly, to improve coffee export performance, the management and other employees of a company can benefit from having adequate knowledge of export procedures and commitment to their duties and responsibilities. On top of that, coffee export companies must apply product adaptation strategies to meet their customers' needs.

The Crucial Role of Supply Chain Agility and Firm's Export Commitment on Export Performance: the Mediatory Role of Innovativeness, Responsiveness, and Competence, Complemented by Market Dynamics

The Crucial Role of Supply Chain Agility and Firm's Export Commitment on Export Performance: the Mediatory Role of Innovativeness, Responsiveness, and Competence, Complemented by Market Dynamics

Kebijakan Pembangunan Infrastruktur Liquified Natural Gas Untuk Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Energi Listrik

This study aims to determine the policy of fulfilling electrical energy in Indonesia and the policy of developing liquified natural gas (LNG) infrastructure in the fulfillment of electrical energy in Indonesia. The method used in this research is normative research so that the data used is secondary data collected through literature study. The results of the study conclude that first, the laws and regulations related to electricity in Indonesia are described in several electricity policies including the General Plan for the Provision of Electricity (RUPTL). The electricity policy currently being worked on by the government is the 35 GW Electricity Development Program based on the 2019-2028 RUPTL. Second, electricity infrastructure development policies are spread across various laws and regulations and decisions. The LNG infrastructure development policy itself is contained in the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 13K/13/MEM/2020 on the Assignment of the Implementation of the Supply and Development of LNG Infrastructure and the Conversion of the Use of Oil Fuel with LNG in the Provision of Electric Power. This policy encourages the development of LNG infrastructure and has an impact on accelerating development towards meeting the needs of electrical energy, especially for eastern Indonesia. The challenge is that there are still LNG export commitments with other countries that have the potential to hinder the fulfillment of domestic LNG needs.

Resource Management and Utilization of Lean Grade Iron Ore Resources of Karnataka, India

As per the National Steel Policy 2017, more than 300 million tons of steel needs to be produced by 2030, to meet the increased demand due to the tripling of per capita consumption of steel in India. Accordingly, the local steel production from the Ballari steel hub of Sandur schist belt is expected to be raised from present 25 million tons per year to 60 million tons per year by 2030, thus necessitating 150 million tons of high grade hard lumpy/pellets for domestic Ballari steel hub alone excluding long term export commitments. Hence, a strategy for processing lean grade iron ores to augment the demand of high-grade iron ores for metallurgical applications is studied. A composite mixed Banded Hematite Quartzite (BHQ) from different ranges of Sandur schist belt, Ballari district, Karnataka, India was subjected to characterization, mineral processing and palletization studies to produce pellets Fe > 62.5 %, (SiO2+ Al2O3)2, 1.00 % Al2O3and 1.06 % LOI, comprising fine grained (<70 ?) mainly hematite [55–60%], very fine grained (<40 ?) quartz [35- 40%] and fine grained (<70 ?) minor amounts of martitized magnetite [1–5%], which are mutually intimately intermixed and intergrown, was subjected to beneficiation. The BHQ is amenable to gravity concentration by tabling reverse flotation, and WHIMS produces pellet grade concentrates. The final conventional process comprising gravity concentration, followed by magnetic separation of gravity tails and refining of magnetic fractions by reverse flotation. The final concentrate has produced assaying 64.5% Fe, 6.32% SiO2, 0.29% Al2O3 and 0.63% LOI, with 73% Fe distribution, has met the pellet grade specification. The pellets produced from beneficiated iron ore concentrate is assayed 64.10 % Fe, 6.85 % SiO2, 0.42 Al2O3%. DRI could be produced from the pellets from which steel is produced paving the way for conservation, sustenance, and sustainable development with the viability of using BHQ of the Sandur schist belt.

Determinants of Export Intensity among Small and Medium-sized firms: An empirical study based on the heterogeneity of their resources

The purpose of this study is to examine plausible determinants of the firms’ Export Intensity from the perspective of the heterogeneity of its resources. We developed and tested empirically a research model by applying structural equation modeling techniques to a sample of 133 exporting SMEs. The findings suggest that the Export Intensity exhibited by firms appears to lie in its degree of managerial export commitment along with the intense use of cross-national-border partners. A firm’s resource availability to deal with foreign markets impacts Export Intensity indirectly. Export commitment seems to play a mediating role between a firm’s resourceavailability and the export intensity.

The influence of managers’ marketing capabilities and international experience on SMEs’ export performance: the mediating effects of export commitment

The influence of managers’ marketing capabilities and international experience on SMEs’ export performance: the mediating effects of export commitment

Investigating the Relationship Between Export Antecedents and Export Performance of Handloom Industry

This study identified the export antecedents that could influence the occurrence of export performance of the industry. The export antecedents are the phenomenon that acts as a backend support system for effective export performance. This study aims to build a simple linear model representing the structural relationship between the export antecedents and export performance. The model building is based on the identified antecedents and attempts to reflect the combined gist of pre-established theories, that is, contingency theory, resource-based view and dynamic capabilities. In data interpretation, second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) helps to analyse the combined impact of all studied antecedents on export performance. The identified antecedents are export knowledge, export perception, export commitment, export strategy and organizational capability as independent variables tested against the dependent variable export performance.

Back-end information technology resources and manufacturing SMEs’ export commitment: An empirical investigation

The capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to embrace international markets is based on some prerequisites including the acquisition and / or development of specific resources. Drawing on a sample of 202 Canadian manufacturing SMEs, and using the resource-based view as a theoretical lens, this study analyzes the effects of different configurations of the adoption of back-end information technology (IT) resources on the levels of export commitment. The results show that there are four well-separated profiles of SMEs with regard to the adoption levels of back-end IT resources, and that the profiles with higher levels of back-end IT resources adopted are most likely to be exporters, particularly to the nearby international markets. This study contributes to theoretically bridging the gaps in both the information system and international business literature concerning the role of back-end IT resources in sustaining SMEs’ export commitment and has practical implications as well.

Real-Time Control of Distributed Batteries With Blockchain-Enabled Market Export Commitments

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in distributed residential batteries for households with renewable generation. Yet, assuring battery assets are profitable for their owners requires a complex optimisation of the battery asset and additional revenue sources, such as novel ways to access wholesale energy markets. In this paper, we propose a framework in which wholesale market bids are placed on forward energy markets by an aggregator of distributed residential batteries that are controlled in real time by a novel Home Energy Management System (HEMS) control algorithm to meet the market commitments, while maximising local self-consumption. The proposed framework consists of three stages. In the first stage, an optimal day-ahead or intra-day scheduling of the aggregated storage assets is computed centrally. For the second stage, a bidding strategy is developed for wholesale energy markets. Finally, in the third stage, a novel HEMS real-time control algorithm based on a smart contract allows coordination of residential batteries to meet the market commitments and maximise self-consumption of local production. Using a case study provided by a large U.K.-based energy demonstrator, we apply the framework to an aggregator with 70 residential batteries. Experimental analysis is done using real per minute data for demand and production. Results indicate that the proposed approach increases the aggregator's revenues by 35% compared to a case without residential flexibility, and increases the self-consumption rate of the households by a factor of two. The robustness of the results to uncertainty, forecast errors and to communication latency is also demonstrated.

System Dynamics Modelling for a Sustainable Natural Gas Supply and Demand in Indonesia to Meet up the Additional Demand of 52 Converted Power Plants

US Trade Representatives at WTO had recently excluded Indonesia in the list of Least Developed countries. One of the reason behind the decision was that considering the potential economic of Indonesia that has consistently shown positive trend of growth. As the economic and population growth, the energy demand in Indonesia is also increasing over the time. Indonesia has an abundant natural gas reserves and in fact is the largest reserves in Southeast Asia. In line with the increasing of global awareness toward the sustainable development and environmental concerns, choices over an affordable source of energy with a less carbon footprint is inevitably. With the latest LNG technology, has made distribution even possible to reach remote areas of Indonesian archipelago. The Indonesian government had set up a strategy to promote the use of natural gas in power generation. The Ministerial Energy and Mining Resources Decree No. 13 K/13/MEM/2020 (Ministerial Energy and Mining Resources, 2020e) issued, January 2020, has mandated the state owned enterprise PERTAMINA to establish LNG supply within 2 years time frame to support the conversion of 52 power plants from diesel fueled to natural gas. This study, is offering stages of research, first is determining supply and demand of natural gas in Indonesia, and then conducting a market analysis. A market review analysis on gas supply and demand is done upon various sectors, ie power plants (in relation to additional demand for the conversion of 52 power plants), industries, transportation and households. From which, it will be analyzed, whether or not the gas supply meet the demand. The result of the simulation is revealing the fact that there will be deficit of supply starting sometime in 2031 (much earlier than Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre’s prediction by 2040), with short gap of about 55 MTPA by end of simulation time, thus if the Government is deciding to maintain the existing export commitment.

The Influence of Socio-Emotional Wealth on the Speed of the Export Development Proces in Family and Non-Family Firms

This paper proposes that family firms do not necessarily internationalize less than non-family businesses, but rather, they do it more slowly. Lower speed of internationalization process of family business (measured by the speed of the export development process) is a consequence of the role of the socio-emotional wealth (SEW) in these firms. SEW operates through three different mechanisms: (1) long-term orientation, (2) risk avoidance, and (3) lack of resources to be independent. The empirical research, based on a panel of more than a thousand Spanish manufacturing firms along nine years (2006-2014), supports the hypothesis proposed, independently of firm’s previous size, age, and export commitment level.

Success Factors in the Internalisation of Export Companies in Colombia

Export success is one of the key aspect of economic growth of a country because it is the principle means of specialising, developing economies of scale, accessing new technologies and attracting foreign investment. For this reason, the significance of this topic has encouraged scientists to investigate the main factors that play a part in the development and application of successful export strategies. This article analyses the export success of Colombian businesses from the behaviour of variables at the business and sectoral levels. The research aims to characterise the relevant conditions affecting the entry of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) into the foreign market, which can be useful for business owners who are in the process of internationalisation; they can also be considered as an instrument for developing policies promoting exports from Colombia. A multilevel model is estimated for a sample of Colombian businesses. We examined international experience, export commitment and export strategy as business factors that positively influence export success, as well as export assistance programmes, networks, tariff legislation, sector size and innovation as sectoral factors. It was concluded that the export destination, the country’s conditions and regulations should be examined before the beginning of the export process. However, Colombian exporters usually choose international destinations without such an analysis. In addition, government support through programmes and tariff legislation leads to greater business dynamism, favours entry into new markets and helps compensate negative results of international destinations.

Managers’ intentions to pursue export expansion an entrepreneurial cognition perspective

PurposeGrounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of cognitive factors on the intention of a small and medium size enterprise (SME) manager to pursue the expansion of their firm’s export activities.Design/methodology/approachThe authors created a research model and collected empirical data among owners and top managers of 127 Costa Rican SMEs. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques to reveal the relative significance and strength of the effects of every hypothesized relationship.FindingsThe results suggest that the perception of benefits and self-efficacy influence managers’ intentions to expand export activity. Managers’ intention to expand export activity, in turn, is associated with the levels of export commitment exhibited by the SMEs. None of the control variables seem to impact managers’ intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study underline that the export development of a SME is to a large extent only possible if the manager’s perception of control over the export achievements is perceived to be high. SME managers need maximize their perceived level of controllability over firm’s export operations and achievements. This study relied on self-report data. Self-reports are the conventional method for assessing constructs regarding beliefs, and motivations of an individual. Its use in entrepreneurship research is proved to be reliable. However, the authors have to acknowledge that using self-report data carries the risk of common methods bias.Practical implicationsSMEs managers might benefit from strengthening the sense of self-efficacy regarding international business based on the results of this study.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence suggesting that a manager’s cognitive characteristics play a crucial role in understanding export expansion of a SME. The results encourage future research to incorporate cognitive theoretical frameworks to examine factors determining international entrepreneurial intentions.

The Analysis Model Of The Causal Influence Factors Of Attractiveness And Commitment To Export Affecting Export Capability

Abstract: The objectives of this research aim 1) to investigate factors which are related to the attractiveness and commitment of food exporting industry and 2) to develop a model of causal influence of attractiveness and commitment on food exporting industry. The researcher collected samples from a specific target group of 145 companies. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Moreover, the researcher also analyzed information by descriptive statistics. In the part of analytical statistics analyzed, researcher using factors analysis and the causal influence analysis between variables according to the conceptual framework by LISREL program. The results revealed that attractiveness of export had influence on export capability. On the contrary, the analysis showed that export commitment had positive influence on the capability of exporting. Assessment on goodness of fit from the model found that export capability was consistent with the empirical data, the chi-square =185.57, the degrees of freedom = 99, chi -square relative (x2/df) =1.87, the probability (P-value) = 0.00, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.98, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.98, Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.50..

Institutional orientation: Definition, measure, and impact on export performance

Research in international marketing has long shown that foreign firms face disadvantages when operating abroad from a lack of familiarity with the local institutional environment. To cope with this familiarity, some companies have developed a culture in the ability to understand and take into account the institutional dimensions of the destination market. This article thus aims to explore the institutional orientation of firms and tests its impact on export performance. In Study 1, we develop and validate a 12-item measurement scale divided into four dimensions. In Study 2, we investigate the role of institutional orientation in export performance using a sample of 273 French and Tunisian exporting companies. The results show that this relationship is not direct but is mediated by export commitment.

The Relationship of Firm, Managerial & Product Characteristics with Standardization of Export Marketing Strategies in Auto Component Manufacturing Industry

Every manufacturing firm formulates one or the other marketing strategies to capture more market share and revenue. Managers of each firm irrespective of the type of business make export policies to keep competitors away in international markets. The success of a firm’s export performance lies in the positive influence of internal and external factors. The objective of the research study is to explore the relationship between a firm’s internal factors such as firm’s, managerial and product characteristics on export marketing strategy standardisation in the auto component manufacturing industry specially those firms locating in southern parts of India. Descriptive research methodology has been applied for analysing the data. The linear regression model has been used in the present study and tested the significant association among the variables related to internal forces and standardisation of export marketing strategies. The finding shows that, export marketing capabilities, managers export commitment, product characteristics have a significant relationship with product standardisation. Export marketing capabilities, managers export commitment, managers export motivation have positive influence on price standardisation similarly, export marketing capabilities, managers export commitment have significant relationship with distribution standardization. Similarly, firm’s internationalisation capabilities manager’s export commitment and managers export knowledge and product characteristics have significant impact on promotion standardisation. This research article is confined to the auto component industry which is engaged in export activities and limited to the statndardisation of marketing strategies in international business.

International experience, commitment, distribution adaptation and performance: a study of Ghanaian firms in B2B export markets

PurposeThis study aims to contribute to the existing understanding of export practices in sub-Saharan African firms with a contextual focus on Ghanaian exporters operating in business-to-business (B2B) markets. Underpinned by resource-based theory and its association with the relational view, it examines how the interplay between various decision makers’ international experience, export commitment and distribution adaptation decisions influence firms’ performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a mixed methods approach, using survey data from 116 internationalising Ghanaian businesses across three sectors, supplemented with qualitative insights from 18 follow-up interviews.FindingsThe study establishes a full mediation effect of export commitment on the association between international experience and export performance; also, the moderating effect of distribution adaptation on export commitment – performance relationships. Unique insights are provided into the perceived role of trustworthy, intermediaries as “stakeholders” that add to a respective firm’s resource base; that is, in building capabilities in overseas markets and informing evolving business model decisions to overcome potential export barriers.Originality/valueThe insights from sub-Saharan African firms provide contextual value given the relatively under-represented existing research from the region. Original insights highlight ways in which decision makers build capabilities and that they do not always follow a forward moving internationalisation process, so use different measures of performance regarding B2B product-market ventures over time.

Key Performance Indicators for Enhancing the Export Potential of Indian Carpet Industry

The research aims to study the mediating effect of export commitment between the relationship of export knowledge and export performance. The study considers the determinants of export performance whereas the unit of analysis is the individual carpet exporting firm. Primary data has been collected through a questionnaire with leading exporters in the carpet industry, besides an interview with the officials of export promotion council and trade policy experts. A theoretical model has been developed and tested using primary data obtained from a sample survey of exporting firms drawn from key carpet exporters from Bhadohi (UP) and Panipat (Haryana). A quantitative analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and, due to covariate nature of the proposed research model, structural equation modelling (SEM) has been applied to evaluate the research hypotheses. Export knowledge has positive influence on export strategy. The results support that the export performance is dependent on export strategy, export knowledge and export commitment. The results clearly explain the role of export commitment as mediating variable between export knowledge and export performance.