Explosive Power Research Articles

The effect of variability knee tuck jump training and box jump training on the explosive capabilities of legs muscles

The problem in this research is the low jumping ability of male volleyball athletes which effect on the decreased performance. The aim of this research is to know the effect of knee tuck training and box jump training on the explosive capability of the legs muscles of volleyball athletes. The type of the research is quasi-experiment with the research population is all male volleyball athletes at SMK 1 Solok Selatan which totally 24 athletes aged 17 years. The technique of sampling which is used is total sampling with a sample is 24 athlete. The instrument in this research is to use Vertical Jump to measure the explosive power of leg muscles. Before giving a treatment, an initial test (pte-test) is carried out to see the explosive power of leg muscles. The testees used as a samples are drawn into two groups. The group 1 is given the Knee Tuck Jump training treatment and the group 2 is given Box Jump Training treatment. This treatment is given 16 times (8 weeks), then the final test will be given. The data analysis technique which is used to test the hypothesis is t analysis at the significance level of 5%. Based on the data analysis in this study, 1) the Knee Tuck Jump get an average increase of (7.703) and was marked by getting t count (10.631)> t table(1.796). It means that the application of Knee Tuck Jump can increase the explosive power capability of leg muscles, 2) the Box Jump training get an average increase (2.456) and was marked by getting t count (9.240)> t table (1.769), it means that the application of the Box Jump training can increase the explosive power of leg muscles, 3) there was an influence training. Where in Knee Tuck Jump is getting the average increase is (7.703) while the box jump training is (2.456) and is indicated by getting t count (2.05)>t table (1.796). It means that the application of Knee Tuck Jump training and Box jump training could increase the explosive power capability of the leg muscles, where the Knee Tuck Jump training shows better results in increasing the explosive power of the leg muscles. Coaches apply knee tuck jump training at the right age level to achieve maximum results according to the athlete's training capacity.

The effect of special exercises using some auxiliary tools to develop some bio-kinetic abilities and the accuracy of the crushing and snatch forehand strikes among badminton players

The best means and ways to develop an athlete's physical and skill capabilities, and among these means is the use of training aids that help develop some bio-kinetic abilities, and prepared exercises have had an important role in improving athletic performance in badminton, where the player must possess physical fitness, explosive power, and strength. Characterized by speed as well as accuracy, awareness, and focus while playing on the court, the badminton player must be physically fit through a continuous movement of small and large muscles to achieve good performance, which requires special physical abilities and skills, and the most important of these bio-kinetic abilities are agility, coordination, and measuring the coordination between the eye and the arm. These abilities are needed by the badminton player while playing on the court. The study aimed to prepare special exercises using some auxiliary tools to develop some bio-kinetic abilities and the accuracy of the crushing and lightning forehand strikes among badminton players, in addition to identifying the effect of special exercises using some auxiliary tools on For badminton players, the researcher adopted the experimental method, and the sample number was (10) players from the badminton training center in the Armenian club, aged (17-19). They were distributed into two experimental and control groups, and they were chosen randomly because the research objectives require the use of athletes proficient in the game's technical performance. The researcher applied her main experiment using special exercises with some auxiliary tools, with (4) training units per week for (8) weeks. The results of the study showed that there was a positive effect on the results of bio-kinetic abilities between the two groups and in favor of the experimental group. It was shown in the kinetic response speed test for the first experimental group 7.423, agility 3.012, and compatibility 3.123, and for the second experimental group in the kinetic response speed test 3.208, agility 6.861, and compatibility 6.907. As for the skill tests for the first experimental group, The front smash hit was 7,234 and the diagonal front snap shot was 28.00. It was shown in the skill tests for the second experimental group that the front smash hit was 3,372 and the diagonal front snap shot was 3,400, which included exercises. The researcher recommends adopting the results of this study and disseminating them, and emphasizing equipping the stadiums with modern training methods, due to the results they achieve. Positive physical development serves one of the goals of sustainable development: good health and good education.

The effect of ischemic preconditioning on physical fitness and performance: a meta-analysis in healthy adults.

This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on physical fitness and performance, with a focus on its specific role in aerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance, explosive power and strength. Systematic searches were conducted across multiple databases (CNKI, CBM, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase) up to September 6, 2023. We included studies that employed randomized controlled trial methods and sham ischemic preconditioning as the placebo group, and two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data, using Review Manager 5.3 for analysis. This meta-analysis comprises 27 articles with 405 individuals, selected according to specified criteria. IPC significantly increased the blood lactate concentration after anaerobic speed endurance exercise (MD = 0.74, P = 0.03), the blood lactate concentration after incremental exercise (MD = 0.49, P = 0.04), the blood lactate concentration after muscular endurance exercise (MD = 0.68, P = 0.02), and the one-repetition maximum (MD = 1.38, P = 0.00001). Furthermore, it also significantly shortened completion time of the exercises primarily powered by glycolysis (MD = - 0.49, P = 0.01) and completion time of the exercises primarily powered by aerobic system (MD = - 7.27, P = 0.05), while marginally prolonging time to exhaustion (MD = 22.68, P = 0.08). However, IPC had no significant effect on maximum oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration in fixed-load aerobic endurance exercise, peak power, or peak aerobic power, nor on completion time of the exercises primarily powered by phosphagen system. IPC could serve as a method to enhance physical performance, particularly for exercises primarily powered by aerobic system and glycolysis. Future research might explore how various cycles, locations, and widths of IPC affect the physical performance of participants with different activity levels.

Evaluation of the influence of athlete neural activity patterns on the dynamic index of leaping ability using data mining techniques

There are many dynamic indicators of jumping ability, and the athlete’s neural activity pattern is an important factor in regulating limb activities. This article uses data mining technology to collect, preprocess, data modeling and analysis, and data visualization of dynamic index data of athletes’ neural activity patterns of jumping ability. The results show that the jumping ability of athletes with higher neural activity intensity increased significantly after training to around 40 cm–50 cm, while athletes with lower neural activity intensity did not change significantly and remained around 30 cm–35 cm. The overall learning ability of athletes with higher levels of neural activity improved by about 10 cm, and the base of neural activity also increased significantly. It shows that there is a significant correlation between the intensity of neural activity and dynamic indicators of jumping ability, which is the main driving force for athletes’ jumping explosive power. The research results can help formulate reasonable and scientific training methods to improve athletes’ jumping ability and overall sports level.

The Physiological Mechanisms of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Enhance Motor Performance: A Narrative Review.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that applies a stable, low-intensity (1-2 mA) direct current to modulate neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex. This technique is effective, simple to operate, affordable, and widely employed across various fields. tDCS has been extensively used in clinical and translational research, with growing applications in military and competitive sports domains. In recent years, the use of tDCS in sports science has garnered significant attention from researchers. Numerous studies have demonstrated that tDCS can enhance muscle strength, explosive power, and aerobic metabolism, reduce fatigue, and improve cognition, thereby serving as a valuable tool for enhancing athletic performance. Additionally, recent research has shed light on the physiological mechanisms underlying tDCS, including its modulation of neuronal resting membrane potential to alter cortical excitability, enhancement of synaptic plasticity to regulate long-term potentiation, modulation of neurovascular coupling to improve regional cerebral blood flow, and improvement of cerebral network functional connectivity, which activates and reinforces specific brain regions. tDCS also enhances the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, further regulating brain function. This article, after outlining the role of tDCS in improving physical performance, delves into its mechanisms of action to provide a deeper understanding of how tDCS enhances athletic performance and offers novel approaches and perspectives for physical performance enhancement.

Developing the optimal gross movement interventions to improve the physical fitness of 3-10 year-old children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To identify the optimal parameters of gross movement interventions to yield the strongest effects on physical fitness among children aged 3-10 years and to provide a reference for the development of gross movement interventions to improve the physical fitness of children. There has been a global decline in children's physical fitness. Previous studies have shown that gross movement interventions can improve children's physical fitness, but the optimal intervention parameters for achieving the strongest effects have yet to be determined. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine the optimal intervention parameters for yielding the strongest effects on children's physical fitness. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal databases to identify randomized controlled trials on the effects of gross movement interventions (walking, running, jumping, throwing, batting, rolling, spinning, catching, and leg lifting) on children's physical fitness (upper-body strength, lower-body strength, explosive power, speed, flexibility, and balance). We included studies published up to September 2023. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed based on the PICOS framework, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated. Subgroup analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3, and the data were pooled using a random effects model to obtain the SMD (or WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 23 studies involving 2007 healthy children aged 3-10 years met the inclusion criteria. Gross movement interventions significantly improved the explosive power of children aged 3-10 years [WMD, 6.2]. The most effective intervention duration was 16-18 weeks [WMD, 0.45]. The most effective intervention frequency was one session per week [WMD, 1.06]. The optimal duration of single sessions was 60 min [WMD, 0.47]. Children aged 7-10 years [WMD, 1.41] showed the most significant improvements in physical fitness after gross movement interventions. Gross movement interventions had a positive effect on the physical fitness of children aged 3-10 years. The optimal intervention parameters include 60-min sessions once a week across a total duration of 16-18 weeks.

Effect of Stretch-shortening Exercise on skill-based physical performance among elite players: A Narrative Review

Background: The Stretch-shortening exercise (SSE), a combination of eccentric and concentric muscle actions, is integral in many sports. Its effect on skill-based physical performance among elite players is of particular interest due to the high demands of their competitive activities. Objective: To conduct a thorough literature review on the effect of SSE on elite players' skillbased physical performance. Methods: Numerous databases were thoroughly searched, including SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Studies were chosen based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of 50 articles identified, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that SSE plyometric exercise enhanced shoulder strength, explosive power, throwing accuracy, stability, and power output in sports like rugby, archery, and medicine ball throw, with a positive correlation between arm length and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST)scores. Conclusions:Elite athletes can improve their skill-based physical performance with the help of SSE.

Improving lower body muscle power indicators for non-athlete university students through plyometric exercise

Muscle power (FxV, explosive strength or explosive power) is an element of fitness level that influences the quality and efficiency of movements. Most of the studies that address plyometrics identify the effectiveness of this method at the level of performance athletes with different specializations and muscle power requirements. We considered that we can also study the possibility of using plyometrics in physical education lessons. The research identifies the benefits of implementing plyometric exercises for non-athlete university students on lower body muscle power indicators in curricular physical activities. The group of analyzed students (327 subjects/undergraduate level, of which 143 female and 184 male) participated in physical education lessons during one academic year (1 activity per week). The plyometric exercises used were jumping variants, diversified and adapted in dosage to the motor possibilities of the non-athlete students (on one or both legs, lateral, on ladder rungs or boxes, over hurdles, over cones, vertical and horizontal jumps). Their usefulness and effectiveness were verified by 3 successive tests: at the beginning, middle, and end of the academic year, through a battery of 7 lower body muscle power tests. The statistical calculation identifies significant increases in performance for both genders for all tests applied, both between the initial and final tests (T1-T3) and over the shorter time intervals/T1-T2 and T2-T3 (p <0.05). For males, we found greater progress in the second semester of the year (T2-T3) for 5 of the 7 tests, so their adaptation is better and they respond to plyometric training better in the second part of the academic year. For females better progress in semester 2 (T2-T3) for 3 of the tests, respectively greater differences at the end of semester 1 (T1-T2) for 3 tests, especially for endurance power and 10 m acceleration. The research results confirm the effectiveness of plyometric exercises in increasing muscle power indicators for the studied student groups and are a useful option for improving fitness levels. The attractiveness and diversity of the used exercises ensured good student engagement in the lessons. Although the improvements are statistically significant, the results do not indicate spectacular increases and are still weaker than the values recorded in most other research. This is because the students involved in our study are not at all concerned about engaging in leisure time physical activities, except for curricular physical education activities, sedentarism being a major problem among young people.

Optimizing the Speed and Explosive Power Performance of Football Players: The Effect of a Six-Week Neuromuscular Training

Background. Football players require high levels of speed and explosive power to perform effectively on the field, making these physical attributes critical for success. Neuromuscular training has been proposed as a method to enhance these performance metrics. Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of neuromuscular training on the speed and explosive power performance of football players. Materials and methods. A total of thirty male football players (aged 20 to 26 years) from Imphal West District, Imphal, Manipur, India, who had participated in national-level competitions, were selected for the study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two equal groups: an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Both groups were assessed before the intervention for speed and explosive power performance using the 50 m dash speed test and the standing broad jump test to determine the baseline significance of the selected variables. Following the initial assessments, the experimental group underwent a supervised neuromuscular training program, while the control groupreceived no special training. The neuromuscular training was conducted over a period of six weeks, with sessions held five days a week (Monday to Friday), each lasting 60 minutes. Results. The experimental group confirmed significant improvements in both speed and explosive power compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The mean and standard deviation of speed for the experimental group were 7.15 ± 0.71 in the pre-test and 6.54 ± 0.61 in the post-test. For explosive power, the values were 2.36 ± 0.32 in the pre-test and 2.55 ± 0.39 in the post-test. The notable enhancements in speed and explosive power performance in the experimental group are likely attributed to the six-week neuromuscular training program, which facilitated rapid physical adaptation among the football players. Conclusions. Implementing the six-week neuromuscular training program effectively enhanced the speed and explosive power performance of football players. This type of training has been demonstrated to be highly effective for optimizing these performance metrics in football players.

COVID-19's Impact on Athletes: Reduced Cardiorespiratory fitness after a SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

This study aimed to identify potential changes in cardiorespiratory fitness among athletes who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this prospective observational multicenter hybrid study (CoSmo-S), cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmills or bicycle ergometers involving 2314 athletes (39.6% female) was conducted. German federal squad members (59.6%) and non-squad athletes were included in the study. 1170 (37.2% female) subjects were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR from which we had pre-SARS-CoV-2 infection examinations available for 289 subjects. Mixed effect models were employed to analyze amongst others the following dependent variables: Power output at individual anaerobic threshold (POIAT/kg), maximal power output (POmax/kg), measured V̇O2max/kg, heart rate at individual anaerobic threshold (HRIAT) and maximal heart rate (HRmax). A SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a decrease in POIAT/kg (-0.123 W/kg, p < 0.001), POmax/kg (-0.099 W/kg, p = 0.002), measured V̇O2max/kg (-1.70 ml/min/kg, p = 0.050) and an increase HRIAT (2.50 b/min, p = 0.008), HRmax (2.59 b/min, p < 0.001) within the first 60 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using the pandemic onset in Germany as longitudinal reference point, the healthy control group showed no change over time in these variables respectively an increase in POmax (+0.126 W/kg, p = 0.039) during the first 60 days after the reference point. Subgroup analyses showed that both squad members and endurance athletes experienced greater decreases in cardiorespiratory fitness compared to non-squad members respectively athletes from explosive power sports. A SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness in athletes for approximately 60 days. Potential factors contributing to this outcome seem to be cardio-pulmonary and vascular alterations in consequence of SARS-CoV-2. A minor effect on cardiorespiratory fitness has training interruption due to acute symptoms and/or quarantine.

In pursuit of precısion: assessing the impact of physical attributes on change of direction speed ın women's cricket

Cricket demands a unique blend of athleticism, strategy, and precision, with physical fitness crucial in achieving sports excellence. While previous research has highlighted the importance of physical attributes such as speed, explosive power, and agility, the complex interactions between these factors about change of direction speed (CODS) still need to be better understood. This study investigated the relationship between CODS and key physical measures among female cricket players, providing insights into the factors influencing athletic performance in cricket. Thirty female cricketers (aged 16-26 years) participated in the study, undergoing assessments of CODS, speed, vertical jump, and broad jump. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis, and ANOVA, were employed to examine the relationships between these physical measures and CODS. Reliability was deemed to be poor (&lt;0.3), moderate (0.4&lt;0.6), and strong (0.7≤) based on prior research. Significant positive correlations were observed between agility and acceleration and maximal speed tests, underscoring the importance of speed in cricket performance. Furthermore, moderate to strong negative correlations were found between CODS and explosive lower body power tests, highlighting the significance of lower body explosiveness for rapid directional shifts in cricket. Regression analysis revealed that speed, broad jump, and vertical jump collectively contributed to a strong predictive model for agility. Enhancing speed, explosive power, and agility through targeted training interventions could improve cricket players' on-field performance and competitive edge. Overall, this study contributes to understanding the complex interactions between physical attributes and cricket performance, offering practical insights for player development and strategic improvement. Key Words: Change of Direction Speed; Physical Attributes; Explosive Power; Agility

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of plyometric vs. resistance training on lower limb explosive power and speed.

This meta-analysis examined the effects of plyometric training (PT) and resistance training (RT) on lower limb explosive power and speed quality in athletes, including lower limb jumping and short-distance sprinting abilities. Empirical studies investigating the PT and RT effect on lower limb explosive power were identified using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSOC, and CNKI databases. Heterogeneity testing and potential publication bias assessment were conducted using STATA 15 and Review Manager 5.4. There were 20 articles included, involving 457 participants (230 in the PT group and 227 in the RT group). The meta-analysis results indicated no significant difference in countermovement jump (CMJ) between PT and RT groups (SMD = -1.03; 95% CI = -5.20 - 3.14). Additionally, no significant differences were found between the two training methods for standing long jump (SLJ) (MD = -0.04; 95% CI = 0.00 - 0.09), squat jump (SJ) (MD = -0.79; 95% CI = 1.79 - 0.22), 10-m sprint (MD = -0.02; 95% CI = -0.06 - 0.02), and 30-m sprint (MD = -0.02; 95% CI = -0.15 - 0.11). However, PT and RT comparisons revealed a significant difference between the 5-m sprint (MD = -0.03; 95% CI = -0.05 - 0.00) and the 20-m sprint (MD = -0.05; 95% CI = -0.09 - 0.01). This meta-analysis demonstrated that relative to RT, PT significantly improved the sprinting abilities of athletes at 5-m and 20-m distances. However, no significant differences were observed in sprinting at 10 and 30 meters, CMJ, SLJ, and SJ, indicating consistent effects of PT and RT on jumping performance.

The Effect of Going Up and Down the Stairs to the Explosive Power of Leg Muscles in Pencak Silat Catching Snake Rolls

The problem in this research is the lack of explosive power of the leg muscles of pencak silat leg pencak silat catch snake roll in Lintau. For this reason, pencak silat leg pencak silat catch snake roll in Lintau needs to be trained programmatically through training principles that can be carried out both theoretically and practically in achieving maximum explosive power. There are several forms of exercise that can increase leg muscle explosive power, including an exercise program by going up and down stairs. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research. The population is the Pencak Silat College of tungkai pencak silat tangkap gulung ular in Lintau. Samples were taken by total sampling technique so that the sample amounted to 15 people. The research instrument uses a vertical jump test and the data analysis technique used is the t test hypothesis testing. As a result of research and hypothesis testing, it can be concluded that "There is an effect of going up and down stairs on the explosiveness of leg muscles in Pencak Silat Tangkap Snake Roll, which is evidenced by the tcount &gt; ttable with a value of (3,310&gt; 1,761).

The effect of ethane on the chain reaction characteristics of methane–air mixtures explosions

In order to study the effect of ethane on gas explosions, the macroscopic properties, thermodynamics and kinetics of gas explosions were investigated using Chemkin numerical simulation software with the GRI-Mech 3.0 mechanism. Ethane was added to methane-air mixtures at seven different concentrations, such as 0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and so on, at constant initial temperature (1200 K) and pressure(0.9atm), respectively. The results show that the maximum explosion pressure, explosive power and ·H content was all maximized when the volume fraction of ethane was 3%, which was the most effective volume addition to promote gas explosion. Ethane reduced the time to peak energy of key radical reactions from 0.049s to 0.003s and reduced the sensitivity factors for reactions such as R155 and R158. When the added ethane was 8%, R158 and R98 shifted from inhibiting methane consumption to promoting methane consumption. Calculated by Arrhenius and Lindemann formulae found that ethane can act as the third molecule in unimolecular reactions, increasing the reaction rate constant and decreasing the activation energy, so accelerating the reaction. Due to the low addition of ethane, there was still a large amount of N2 acting as the third molecule, so the decrease in activation energy was small.

A comparative study between the two vertical jump tests of stability and the platform jumping device in measuring the explosive power of the two legs in female volleyball players

The research aims to: - To identify the differences between the two tests of the vertical jump of stability and the platform of the jumping platform in measuring the explosive power of the two legs of the female volleyball players. - Identifying the relationship between the two vertical jump tests of stability and the platform jumping device in measuring the explosive power of the two legs in female volleyball players. As for the research hypothesis:- -There are statistically significant differences between the standing vertical jump tests and the jumping platform device in measuring the explosive power of the legs in female volleyball players. - There is a significant correlation between the two standing vertical jump tests and the jumping platform device in measuring the explosive strength of the legs in female volleyball players. The research community was determined by the intentional method of the players of the first degree of volleyball in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq.The research sample was determined by the random method from the research community, which consisted of players from these clubs (Hajiaoa, Rania, and Tactac,koya University Team) which in total were 37 players, One female player was excluded from the Hajiao Club due to not attending the test day, and (6) female players from the Koya University team were excluded because of their participation in the reconnaissance experiment. Thus, the size of the final sample reached 30 players out of 30 players, with a rate of 81.01%. The researchers used the descriptive approach in a comparative study method. And the correlations, and after obtaining the results, they were discussed in a scientific manner supported by the sources to achieve the research goals. In light of the research results, the researchers reached the following Conclusions: - There is a correlation between the springboard mat test and the standing vertical jump test in their measurement of the explosive strength of the legs in female volleyball players. - There are differences between the springboard mat test and the vertical stability jump test in their measurement of the explosive power of the legs in female volleyball players, and in favor of the springboard mat test.

Physiological Profiles of Male Adolescents in Kelantan, Malaysia Practicing Taekwondo and Wushu.

Martial arts training is beneficial for improving physical fitness but the improvements can vary according to the type of martial art performed. This study investigated lung function, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, flexibility, muscular strength and power among male adolescents who were sedentary or who practiced taekwondo or wushu. A total of 30 male adolescents living in the Kelantan state in Malaysia who were between 14 years old and 20 years old were enrolled and divided into three groups: i) sedentary (control), ii) taekwondo and iii) wushu. Each participant underwent a lung function test, 20 m shuttle run, Wingate anaerobic test and a Sit and Reach test, as well as tests of standing long jump power, handgrip, back and leg strength. Relative to the sedentary control group, the wushu group had significantly higher values than the sedentary control group for fat free mass (P = 0.047), explosive leg power (P < 0.001), aerobic capacity (P < 0.001), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (P = 0.021) and Wingate anaerobic capacity (P < 0.05). The taekwondo group also showed significantly greater values than the sedentary control group for explosive leg power (P = 0.018), forced vital capacity (FVC) (P = 0.014) and FEV1 (P < 0.001). The wushu group exhibited significantly higher explosive leg power (P = 0.010) and Wingate anaerobic capacity parameters including mean power (P = 0.001), anaerobic capacity (P < 0.001) and anaerobic power (P = 0.002) than the taekwondo group. Engagement of male adolescents in wushu and taekwondo was associated with improved physiological profiles compared to those who were in the sedentary control group. Practice of wushu could result in greater explosive leg power and anaerobic capacities than taekwondo.

Longitudinal study on the development of speed, leg explosive power, aerobic endurance, and technical skill of young football players in talented and non-talented categories: implications for talent identification?Este estudio longitudinal tuvo como objetivo evaluar el desarrollo y las diferencias en la velocidad, la potencia explosiva de las piernas, la resistencia aeróbica y las habilidades técnicas entre jugadores jóvenes categorizados como

This longitudinal study aimed to assess the development and differences in speed, leg explosive power, aerobic endurance, and technical skills among young players categorized as talented and non-talented. A total of 44 players aged 11-14 years, training in an amateur club, were classified into talented (n = 23) and non-talented (n = 21) groups. Furthermore, physical abilities and technical skills were measured over 1 year of training at 3 intervals, namely T0 (January), T1 (July), and T2 (December). The results showed that speed, leg explosive power, aerobic endurance, and technical skills, increased in both talented and non-talented players by 10.23% and 15.18%, 11.27% and 11.07%, 15.88% and 14.85%, as well as 11.71% and 9.51%, respectively. Based on observations, talented players showed emphasis on dynamic movement, changes in direction, and essential technical skills during the training period. Conversely, non-talented players prioritized speed over other components in football. Keywords: longitudinal, speed, explosive power, aerobic endurance, football

The influence of real-time quantitative feedback and verbal encouragement on adults' performance in maximal and explosive strength and power in bench press exercise.

In sports practice, a wide array of verbal and non-verbal stimuli can elicit diverse motivations and performance changes. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to compare the impact of various stimuli on maximal strength and power in bench press exercises. This study involved 48 university students (average age 20.5 ± 2.8years; body mass 80.1 ± 20kg; height 174.6 ± 6.7cm; BMI 26.2 ± 6kg/m2) who engaged in an 8-week resistance training program. The students were randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group. The first group received real-time quantitative feedback (RF) on their power output during the bench press exercise, the second group received verbal encouragement (VE) from an instructor, and the third group exercised without any external stimulus (WS). The control group (CG) underwent only pre- and post-measurements. To compare differences in strength parameters among groups a Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA was applied. The results revealed significant improvements in the mean weight for one repetition maximum in the real-time quantitative feedback group (5kg, 9.76%, p = 0.001, d = 0.529) and the verbal encouragement group (5.42kg, 11.51%, p = 0.001, d = 1.201). Positive changes were also observed in the mean power at 20 and 30kg for the RF, VE, and WS groups, but at 40kg, significant improvement was only seen in the real-time quantitative feedback group (247W, 31.30%, p = 0.001, d = 1.199). These findings underscore the effectiveness of selected stimuli in enhancing maximum strength and power during bench press exercises, with real-time quantitative feedback proving to be the most effective stimulus for improving both maximal strength and power.

Concurrent Validity of The U21 Men's Soccer Physical Test Battery

This study aims to test the validity of the U-21 men’s soccer physical test battery. The method used in this research is an evaluation approach. Data collection techniques in this research used tests and measurements. The subjects involved in this research were U-21 male soccer athletes in Papua. The total number of subjects participating in concurrent validity testing was 31 athletes. The instruments used in this research are body mass index (BMI) to measure body composition, sit and reach to measure flexibility, 30-meter sprint to measure speed, shuttle run to measure agility, leg and back dynamometer to measure muscle strength, and standing board. jump to measure explosive power, and the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) to measure cardiovascular endurance. Validity testing uses a concurrent validity approach. The data analysis technique used in concurrent validity testing is using correlation product moment. This test is carried out by looking at the relationship between the tests on the first day and the second day. The results showed that each test item on the U-21 men’s soccer physical test battery had a calculated r value greater than the r table. Thus, it can be concluded that the U-21 Putra football physical test battery has a high validity value. Further research needs to test the reliability of the instrument to get a physical test instrument that meets the standards.

Acute effects of different types of stretching exercises on explosive power: A pilot study

Athletes usually use warm-up and stretching exercises before starting a vigorous physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the positive and negative effects of different stretching and flexing exercises on kicking acceleration performance in taekwondo. A total of 12 elite taekwondo athletes (7 boys and 5 girls) with an average age of 20.75±1.48 years, an average height of 171±10.06 cm, an average body weight of 61.8±11 kg, and an average Body Mass Index (BMI) of 21.1±2.5 kg/m2 participated in this study. For the kick acceleration test (KAT), an accelerometer was used by attaching it to the ankle of the participants with the help of a smart phone and a smart watch. For KAT measurements, static stretching exercise (SSE), dynamic stretching exercise (DSE), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise (PNFE) and ballistic stretching exercise (BSE) methods were applied on different days during the warm-up phase. In this study with elite level Taekwondo athletes, significant differences were found between palding chagi and dollyo-chagi kick acceleration values after SSE and PNFE applications (p