The Kola region is a classic area of alkaline and carbonatite magmatism. It is considered to be permissive for diamond-bearing magmatism, in agreement with the general prerequisite of kimberlite localization— their occurrence in platforms with a Precambrian basement and 170‐240 km thick lithosphere. It is known that this rock is mainly derived from the mantle. The major goal of this study is to clarify magma-forming mantle depth facies of alkaline rocks, carbonatite, and kimberlite in the Kola province. The P‐T conditions of crystallization of Cr-diopside were estimated from its chemical composition. Being either deep-seated xenocrysts or constituents of mantle xenoliths in kimberlites, the high-pressure mineral Cr-diopside bears information on the depths of magma generation in lithosphere mantle and heat flow of the region. The thermodynamic properties of Cr-diopside allow us to specify the prospects of this region and its separated localities for the occurrence of diamondiferous kimberlite and lamproite bodies. The grains of the mineral collected in the process of panning the Quaternary sediments of the Kola region were used for complete regional characteristic. The igneous minerals from different levels of the mantle can be present in the examined collection of Crdiopsides (mainly from the Quaternary alluvial, nearshore marine and glacial sediments) of the southern (Zarechensky, Yermakovsky, Varzuga, Ondomozero, and Pulon’ga exploration areas), central (Lovozero area), and northern (Sredny and Ribachy Peninsulas, Murmansk and Iokan’ga areas) parts of the region (Fig. 1). Kimberlite of the Zimnii Bereg [1] and Tersk districts [2], northern Finland [3], and permissive areas of the Kola Peninsula [4, 5] can be the deepest source of chrome diopside. Xenocrysts and xenoliths of ultramafic and eclogitic assemblages from numerous dikes and explosion pipes composed of alkaline ultramafic rocks (monticellite “kimberlite,” alkali picrite, olivine melilitite, monchikite, damkiernite, melanephelenite) abundant in the northern Kandalaksha Graben, Khibiny, and Lovozero nepheline syenite massifs, and on the shore of the Barents Sea [6‐8], as well as igneous alkaline ultramafic rocks (Kovdor, Afrikanda, Salmagore, Vuorijarvi, and Seblyavr massifs) are derived from shallower sources. The southern and central districts are located within the area of the action of the Scandinavian glacier (Fig. 1), which transported clastic material to the east [9]. The northern district is located within fans of the same glacier that transported material to the north and northeast [9]. Glacial deposits, which are intermediate collectors for the sampled rock facies, are the most abundant loose