Exploratory Interview Study Research Articles

Information access and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among foreign-born persons in Sweden – a focus group interview-study

BackgroundIn most countries, lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination have been observed in foreign-born individuals, yet little is known about the underlying reasons, especially as reported by these individuals themselves. This exploratory interview study investigated lack of information access and hesitancy towards taking the COVID-19 vaccine among foreign-born individuals in Sweden.MethodsWe used purposive sampling to recruit foreign-born adults who expressed being hesitant towards getting vaccinated, as well as health guides and doulas who were assigned to spread COVID-19 related information in immigrant-dense urban areas. Data were collected using semi-structured focus group interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to systematic text condensation.ResultsThree focus group interviews were conducted with altogether eleven participants. One group consisted of health guides/doulas, while the participants in the other groups were gainfully employed in other jobs, or full-time students, or housewives. Four main themes emerged: (1) Language barriers and sociocultural differences, (2) Consequences of not using official Swedish information, (3) Decision-making on COVID-19 vaccination, and (4) Suggestions to improve information dissemination. The lack of information in other languages than Swedish and lack of effective information channels resulted in that most participants barely used information from official Swedish health care and public health institutions. Instead, they relied on social media, social contacts and international media, through which contradictive and negative information about the vaccine was spread. The decision to get vaccinated or not became a process fraught with insecurities about the effectiveness and side effects of the vaccine, which was balanced against wishing to be protected and to contribute to the battle against COVID-19. The participants suggested that information dissemination could be improved by producing a multilingual information outreach and to increase the use of transmission through social interaction with trusted persons and platforms.ConclusionsAn inadequately adapted information strategy prevented some members of the society from making fact-based decisions about getting vaccinated. Several suggestions for improving dissemination were brought forth that can be tested in future communication strategies.

Medical students’ understanding of clinical empathy – a qualitative exploratory interview study

BackgroundEmpathy plays an important role in the interaction and communication with patients. Physicians’ empathy has various positive patients’ and physicians’ outcomes. Despite the inclusion of empathy in medical curricula and the relevance of empathy in general and physicians’ concept of it to medical care, there is no common definition of empathy in the clinical context: definitions tend to be abstract and we do not know enough about medical students’ conceptualization of clinical empathy. A clear and consensual definition of empathy is needed to be able to teach and measure empathy adequately. We aimed to explore German medical students’ views and understanding of (clinical) empathy.MethodsWe interviewed 24 students from the second half of the 3rd year and in their final clinical year (six female and male students in each subgroup) using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. We analysed the transcripts using thematic synthesis (Braun & Clarke).ResultsWe found three overarching themes: (1) empathy means perceiving and understanding patients’ needs and acting accordingly, (2) empathy as an interpersonal, intangible construct and (3) taking time for patients. Showing interests, impartiality and openness towards the patients as well as the need to take patients seriously, treating them with respect, having a holistic view on patients and generate some kind of closeness with patients are subthemes of the first overarching theme.ConclusionsAlthough it is often stated that the various existing definitions of empathy are abstract or far from practice, German medical students seem to have a good idea how to define empathy. Their definition resembles definitions known from the literature and used in education. Further research is needed to compare concepts of empathy of medical students from different countries and cultural backgrounds to inform research and teaching. It would also be interesting to investigate how concepts of empathy change over the course of study and affect perceptions of empathy in third party assessments.

Sexual decision-making: an exploratory interview study of Cambodian adolescents

IntroductionThe rate of sexual activity among adolescents is very high, with serious repercussions such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases. Understanding the factors that influence adolescents’ engagement in sexual activity is crucial for promoting healthy sexual attitudes and behaviors in schools, sex education programs, communities, and families. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing sexual decision-making among Cambodian adolescents.MethodsIn accordance with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR), this study used a descriptive qualitative methodology with individual interviews. The participants in the study were 30 Cambodian adolescents (15 males and 15 females) who were all unmarried and sexually active. They were recruited using various methods, including social networking services, and interviewed to explore their sexual decision-making processes.ResultsThe analysis revealed that the decision-making process was influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors included sexually explicit Internet material and arousal from sexy outfits, while external factors included foreign vs. Khmer culture, the surrounding environment including community, peers, and family, and educational advice received at school. Gender differences were noted in responses to stimuli like sexy outfits and perceptions of cultural norms.ConclusionsThis study underscores the complexity of adolescent sexual decision-making in Cambodia. It highlights the need for sex education that is not only comprehensive but also culturally sensitive, addressing the diverse influences on these adolescents. Future research should include a broader demographic group, including rural adolescents, to gain more comprehensive insights.Implications for practiceThis study uncovers how cultural norms, peers, and the media impact sexual behaviors, emphasizing the significant gender differences in these aspects. The findings shed light on the necessity of culturally sensitive and comprehensive sex education and the urgent need for tailored approaches to health promotion and education.

Experiences of labor-intensive procedures in the management of nocturnal enuresis-an explorative interview study in children and parents.

Nocturnal enuresis is a very common and socially distressing condition among children. There are qualitative studies published in children with bowel and bladder problems with a focus on health-related quality of life and the burden of the condition, but there is a lack of knowledge of the experience of managing the treatment procedures at home. From a clinical viewpoint, it can be assumed that the procedures entail a lot of work and have an impact on everyday life apart from the disorders per se, but the actual voices of the children have not been heard. To explore children's and their parents' experiences of labor-intensive procedures in the management of enuresis. A qualitative interview study. Semi-structured interviews were held with fourteen children with enuresis six to nine years of age, together with their parents in Sweden between April 2020 and February 2021. Data were analyzed inductively with qualitative content analysis. The major findings showed both favorable strategies and challenges in labor-intensive management. The results are described in four categories: 1) experiences of how to manage; 2) managing procedures was a favorable experience; 3) managing procedures made it complicated and 4) problematic to remember. Managing the treatment of enuresis at home can be challenging. There were procedures that children did not like and new routines that were difficult to remember. However, the study can suggest strategies in how to manage and overcome these difficulties.

"Ultimately We're Together": Understanding New Parents' Experiences of Co-parenting

Positive co-parenting is critical for parenting and child outcomes, especially for new parents, who suffer from an increase in conflicts and decreased marital relationships. Investigating the practices, strategies, and challenges of new parents' co-parenting, including collaborating, supporting, and relating to each other, can help better understand this vulnerable parenting period. Furthermore, this understanding can bring insights to inform technology design for supporting co-parenting. In this paper, we present an overview of related research on parents' collaboration, support, and relationships. We then report findings from an exploratory semi-structured interview study with 11 pairs of new parents who are interested in co-parenting skills and unpack their helpful co-parenting strategies, tools, and challenges when applying those strategies. We conclude with a discussion of the design implications aiming to support new parents' positive co-parenting in their day-to-day lives and an observation that couples' co-parenting is a case of coproduction.

Fundamentals of end-of-life communication as part of advance care planning for older people: An interview study with nursing staff

This exploratory interview study investigated nursing staff members’ perspectives on the fundamentals of end-of-life communication with older people as part of advance care planning in home care, nursing home, and hospital settings. Separate semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 nursing staff members about their experiences, opinions, and preferences before, during, and after end-of-life conversations. Overall themes clustering the fundamentals include preconditions such as feeling comfortable talking about the end of life and creating space for open communication. Fundamentals related to the actual conversation–such as using senses and applying associative communication techniques (e.g., using understandable language), following conversation phases, and being aware of interprofessional collaboration–were also considered important. This study emphasizes the importance of moving along with the older person as well as connecting, adapting, and letting go of control over the conversation's outcome. Many fundamentals can be traced back to the basics of nursing and the humanity of conversation.

Determinants of Citizens' Intention to Participate in Self-Led Contact Tracing: Cross-Sectional Online Questionnaire Study.

Contact tracing (CT) is a key intervention to contain outbreaks of communicable diseases. During large-scale outbreaks, public health services may lack the resources required to perform CT effectively. One way of mitigating this issue is to shift some of the tasks in CT normally performed by public health services to cases and their contacts, supported by digital tools. We refer to this as "self-led CT." However, while the effectiveness of the self-led CT inherently depends on the willingness and skills of citizens to participate, the determinants of citizens' intention to participate in self-led CT are not yet fully understood. We aimed to identify determinants of Dutch citizens' intention to participate in self-led CT and assess their potential for behavioral change, so as to identify "behavior change targets," which may be used in the development and implementation of self-led CT to increase citizens' intention to participate. In March 2022, we performed an online cross-sectional questionnaire study. The questionnaire was developed based on findings from a previous exploratory semistructured interview study and distributed among a Dutch consumer panel. Using all questionnaire items as potential predictors, we performed a random forest analysis to identify determinants of citizens' intention to participate in self-led CT. We then performed an Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis to identify groups of related determinants that may be considered overarching behavior change targets. Finally, we used Confidence Interval-Based Estimation of Relevance and calculated the Potential for Change Indices to compare the potential for behavioral change of the selected individual determinants and determinant clusters. The questionnaire was completed by 3019 respondents. Our sample is representative of the Dutch population in terms of age, gender, educational level, and area of residence. Out of 3019 respondents, 2295 (76%) had a positive intention to participate in self-led CT. We identified 20 determinants of citizens' intention that we grouped into 9 clusters. In general, increasing citizens' trust in the digital tools developed for self-led CT has the highest potential to increase citizens' intention, followed by increasing the belief that using digital tools makes participating in self-led CT easier, reducing privacy-related concerns, and increasing citizens' willingness-and sense of responsibility-to cooperate in CT in general. Overall, Dutch citizens are positive toward participating in self-led CT. Our results provide directions for the development and implementation of self-led CT, which may be particularly useful in preparing for future, large-scale outbreaks.

Perspectives of Families with Seriously ill Children and Adolescents in Lower Saxony: Focus on Care and Support - An Analysis of the Current Situation and Possible Support Services

The care of children and adolescents in need of care at home is exacerbated by the shortage of skilled workers in the care sector, which leads to bottlenecks in care and presents caring families with major challenges. The implementation of new care approaches in existing structures in the healthcare system is proving to be a key development task in order to provide targeted support for affected families in the future. Qualitative explorative interview study to record the perspective of families with (seriously) ill children and adolescents on the current care situation and possible helpful support services. The sampling was criteria-driven and the analysis and evaluation was content-analytical. Respondents were given a short questionnaire to record socio-demographic characteristics. In particular, the transmission of the diagnosis, the everyday challenges and the impact on quality of life were named as stress factors by n=10 participating parents. Improved access to information, voluntary structures and central contact points as well as digital services were named as key development needs. The interviews from real life and needs-oriented perspective show that there is a need to expand low-threshold care coordination services, strengthen voluntary structures and use telemedical services. Meeting these needs should enable access to specialized treatment and helpful services, especially in rural areas.

Exploring ambulance clinicians’ clinical reasoning when training mass casualty incidents using virtual reality: a qualitative study

BackgroundHow ambulance clinicians (ACs) handle a mass casualty incident (MCI) is essential for the suffered, but the training and learning for the ACs are sparse and they don’t have the possibility to learn without realistic simulation training. In addition, it is unclear what type of dilemmas ACs process in their clinical reasoning during an MCI. With virtual reality (VR) simulation, the ACs clinical reasoning can be explored in a systematic way. Therefore, the objective was to explore ambulance clinicians’ clinical reasoning when simulating a mass casualty incident using virtual reality.MethodsThis study was conducted as an explorative interview study design using chart- stimulated recall technique for data collection. A qualitative content analysis was done, using the clinical reasoning cycle as a deductive matrix. A high-fidelity VR simulation with MCI scenarios was used and participants eligible for inclusion were 11 senior ACs.Results/conclusionAll phases of the clinical reasoning cycle were found to be reflected upon by the participants during the interviews, however with a varying richness of analytic reflectivity. Non-analytic reasoning predominated when work tasks followed specific clinical guidelines, but analytical reasoning appeared when the guidelines were unclear or non-existent. Using VR simulation led to training and reflection on action in a safe and systematic way and increased self-awareness amongst the ACs regarding their preparedness for MCIs. This study increases knowledge both regarding ACs clinical reasoning in MCIs, and insights regarding the use of VR for simulation training.

94 Weekly participation and inclusion of children using wheelchairs in organized physical activity – an explorative interview study

94 Weekly participation and inclusion of children using wheelchairs in organized physical activity – an explorative interview study

From zero to hero: ramp-up management as a new cross-cutting business process management capability

Changing business environments challenge and motivate organizations to transform. To remain competitive, organizations need to embrace these dynamics and make radical changes to how work is performed. Business process management (BPM) as a holistic management discipline offers mature methods and end-to-end management activities. However, it is subject to the tension between stability and change. While change through the improvement of existing business processes is well understood, the implementation and scaling of novel business processes have been neglected in BPM research. Hence, this paper proposes business process ramp-up management (BPRUM) as a new cross-cutting capability area for contemporary and future BPM and explores relevant sub-capabilities. Our work synthesizes insights from an exploratory interview study with 21 subject matter experts to advance the understanding of BPM as a corporate capability regarding the implementation and scaling of novel processes. As a result, this study illustrates how BPRUM adds to modern BPM and presents 40 action-oriented sub-capabilities that provide hands-on knowledge and practical guidance for effective BPRUM. Thereby, it serves as a foundation for further theorizing on process ramp-up and for structuring discussions among BPM practitioners.

The psychological effects of research participation on people with dementia: findings from a German exploratory interview study.

The German National Dementia Strategy aims to engage people with dementia in research projects. However, the effects of such research participation on experience and behavior have been insufficiently explored. This study aimed to investigate the psychological effect of research participation on people living with dementia. In a qualitative, exploratory approach, guideline-based interviews were conducted with four persons with dementia who had served as co-researchers on an advisory board in a health services research study for 8 months at that time. The analysis revealed predominantly positive effects of research participation at all levels of experience and behavior. Most effects were reported by the co-researchers on a cognitive level. Both the perception of being competent and of making a positive contribution to oneself and/or others are key effects of research participation. The main effects on an emotional level were joy and wellbeing and on a behavioral level were positive social contacts and social communication. Sadness and insecurity represent the sole negative effects. Nuanced focal points of effects among the individual interviews were found. The results align with existing research highlighting the positive effects of participation on people with dementia. Through advancing an interdisciplinary perspective on their research involvement, we advocate for heightened attention to this topic within the realm of psychology.

How clients choose procurement strategies and organizational control systems in the Swedish housing sector

Purpose This paper aims to examine how different contextual contingency factors and organizational goals influence construction clients’ decision-making when procuring contractors in the housing sector. More specifically, it investigates how clients’ choice of procurement strategies and organizational control systems is contingent upon various contextual factors and organizational goals. Design/methodology/approach It is based on an explorative interview study of clients and contractors in the Swedish housing sector underpinned by a review of organizational control literature. Findings The client's knowledge and resources, as well as project complexity and uncertainty, are the most important contextual contingency factors, while property management and sustainable development are the most important organizational goals that housing clients consider when designing procurement strategies. Research limitations/implications The paper contributes to the understanding of how construction clients choose procurement strategies, by providing new insights into effects of the mentioned contextual contingency factors and organizational goals on clients’ choice of control systems through their procurement strategies. Practical implications Property owners who continuously procure housing projects with sustainability requirements and high degrees of complexity and uncertainty should develop knowledge and resources related to their client role, to enable the design and implementation of appropriate procurement strategies. Originality/value Novel aspects of the paper are the demonstration of the value of a holistic approach, considering both contextual contingency factors and organizational goals, when selecting control systems and explicit discussion of how the client's knowledge and resources influence possibilities to implement different control systems.

What are the antecedents of nosiness among nurses? A qualitative study

PurposeNosiness is an annoying behavior at the workplace that can lead to negative consequences. It is characterized by being overly curious about other people’s affairs. Specifically, this study aims to identify the factors contributing to nosiness among nurses.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted an exploratory qualitative interview study involving 38 nurses in Iran. The participants were selected by purposive sampling.FindingsWe identified nine themes as the antecedents of nosiness among nurses: defamation motive, the need for certainty, the need for power, recreational motive, empathy, social comparison, the allure of the subject for the individual, having an employee-friendly workplace, and work environment and workload.Originality/valueUnderstanding the antecedents of nosiness can help healthcare organizations curtail this phenomenon and foster a positive work environment, particularly in nursing where empathy, compassion, and attention to detail make them susceptible to nosiness.

Exploring the relationship between cultural and structural workforce issues and retention of nurses in general practice: A qualitative study protocol.

The aim of this study is to understand factors that challenge retention and support nurses to stay in general practice. One in four general practice nurse positions in England expected to be left unfilled within the next 10 years. Cultural and structural issues associated with working in general practice have been linked with nurses leaving general practice, re-evaluating their professional futures, adjusting work-life balance and bringing forward retirement. This has implications for the future of the general practice nursing workforce and patient care more broadly. Exploratory qualitative interview study funded by the General Nursing Council Trust for England and Wales. University of York ethics approval (Ref: HSRGC/2023/586/A) was gained in September 2023. The study will be conducted between September 2023 and August 2024. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with a range of nurses working in, or who have worked in, general practice as well as nurse leaders associated with general practice across England and Wales. Recruitment will be via professional and social media networks and snowballing techniques. We aim to purposively recruit 30-40 participants for maximum variation. Cultural and structural influences which may contribute to retention decisions will be explored. Data will be analysed following framework analysis. This study will explore how underpinning cultural and structural issues may impact on retention of this highly skilled professional group and identify factors to support retention. By exploring factors that support or discourage nurses to remain in general practice, retention strategies can be better planned on order to address the general practice nursing workforce crisis. What problem did the study address? This study will address the retention crisis in nursing in general practice by exploring how cultural and structural issues may impact on retention of this highly skilled professional group and identify factors to support retention. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? From the study findings, recommendations will be developed to inform future policy and practice. Key factors to address attrition will be generated to support employers and policy makers in future primary care workforce planning, as well as supporting nurses, at an individual level, in negotiating their roles in practice. Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (O'Brien etal., 2014). As this is a workforce study protocol, there is no patient or public contribution.

How do occupational physicians address employees' financial problems? An exploratory interview study into current practice and potential improvements.

Problematic debt poses a considerable challenge in the Netherlands, impacting health and work-related outcomes. Occupational physicians play a vital role in guiding absent employees and identifying work-related risk factors for illness. This study investigates how occupational physicians address financial issues among employees, and proposes improvements. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a diverse group of twelve occupational physicians and residents. Thematic content analysis revealed that while physicians do not routinely inquire about financial problems, they approach socioeconomic concerns cautiously and consider multiple (structural and individual) risk factors. Current interventions include budget coaching and lifestyle enhancements. Despite awareness, current interventions focus on immediate advice targeting downstream factors (i.e. social determinants at the individual level), thereby overlooking structural, upstream factors (i.e. social determinants on a societal and systemic level) of employees' financial problems. Exploring systems approaches, targeting both individual and structural factors, and more attention for this subject in OPs education, are considered crucial for future effective approaches.

Views on advance care planning of family members of older adults with Turkish and Moroccan backgrounds: An exploratory interview study

Background: Significantly fewer individuals with migration backgrounds than native-born individuals undertake advance care planning. Older adults with Turkish and Moroccan backgrounds represent one of the largest ageing non-Western minority groups in Europe. Their relatives could play important roles in facilitating or hindering advance care planning, but their views remain underexplored. Aim: To explore advance care planning knowledge, experience, views, facilitators and barriers among older Turkish and Moroccan adults’ relatives in Belgium. Design: Qualitative thematic analysis of semi-structured interview data. Setting/participants: Twenty-two relatives of older Turkish and Moroccan adults in Brussels, Mechelen and Antwerp, recruited via general practitioners. Results: Participants had limited advance care planning knowledge and had not discussed it with healthcare professionals. Some found discussing end-of-life preferences with relatives beneficial; others opposed the discussion of specific topics or felt discussions were unnecessary, as they felt responsible for caregiving and trusted by their relatives to make future decisions. Barriers included personal and relational characteristics, emotional difficulty and perceived non-urgency. Facilitators included information in older adults’ native languages, general practitioners’ cautious initiation and the involvement of several family members. Conclusions: Relatives of older people with Turkish and Moroccan backgrounds are unfamiliar with advance care planning and have highly variable views on it. People should be given opportunities to discuss advance care planning in a culturally appropriate manner, and the diversity of perspectives regarding whether and how to engage in such planning should be recognised. ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT05241301.

Exploring the Care Experiences Among Clinical Staffing During Emerging Infectious Disease: From the COVID-19 Pandemic Approach

PurposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), one of the most significant recent emerging infectious diseases, has evolved into a global pandemic, resulting in an unprecedented public health crisis with substantial morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the care experiences of nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsA qualitative, exploratory interview study. This study was conducted from August 2022 to January 2023. Participants were recruited from a medical center in northern Taiwan. A purposive sampling approach was employed to select the participants, and in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 30 individuals. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis. ResultsThe findings of this study revealed five themes that summarized the care experiences of participants during the COVID-19 pandemic, enhanced nursing competence in pandemic mitigation, adherence to clear safety measures, effective adaptation to the stress of the "unknown," and recognition of the meaning of the pandemic mitigation experience. ConclusionThis study informs pandemic readiness for nurses and policy enhancement. Medical institutions and governments must prioritize policies ensuring staffing, PPE access, and mental health support. Educators and administrators should elevate on-the-job crisis management training. Future planning should cater to Taiwanese nurses' needs during unforeseen crises such as COVID-19.

Health Services Research in the Public Health Department - An Explorative Interview Study on Scientific Methodological Competence in the PHS in Baden-Württemberg, Germany

One aim of the pact for the Public Health Service ("Pakt für den ÖGD") is to increase scientific activity in the Public Health Service (PHS). This study deals with the question, which methods related to health services research are known and applied in the PHS and which methods are needed by PHS employees in the federal state Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Guideline-based interviews (focus group and individual interviews) were conducted with 12 persons at different hierarchy levels from public health departments in Baden-Württemberg. The interviews were subjected to content analysis acording to Kuckartz. The interviewees described their heterogeneous needs as well as their methodological competences. Staff members expressed existing competences more frequently than leaders. These competencies included those used in everyday work such as literature research in routinely collected data (e. g., school entry examination), or different methods for data analysis. Needs seemed to exist primarily in the area of data analysis and collection, but were also expressed in the area of basic scientific methods. Topics relating to guidelines for good scientific practice (e. g., ethics proposals) and publications were also rather less known. A need for a support from research institutions or higher authorities was frequently mentioned. In addition, motivation and barriers for research in public health departments were mentioned. This study shows that existing methodological competencies and needs are heterogeneous and can be attributed to the heterogeneous backgrounds and fields of activity of the interviewees. Competencies are indicated, for example, in literature research and analysis of existing data. There is a need in methods, for example, of data collection/analysis as well as in basic scientific methods and deepening of existing skills. Furthermore support offers regarding scientific methodological competence for public health departments are required. There is also a lack of research infrastructure (e. g. software, access to literature) and a legal basis. The results can serve as a basis for the design of demand-oriented methodological programs for employees of the PHS in Baden-Württemberg.

Do development finance projects facilitate domestic renewable energy transitions? The role of small economic actors in Senegal

The diffusion of renewable energy (RE) in the Global South requires a significant mobilization of financial resources, of which public development finance contributes a substantial share. By focusing on the recipient side of development finance flows for RE and looking at one specific group of actors – micro, small- and medium enterprises (MSME) in Senegal – we are able to investigate the extent to which RE development financing is benefiting MSMEs while driving RE diffusion. Our empirical findings build on an explorative interview study conducted during field research in Senegal from 2019 to 2022. Making use of a multi-level perspective including that of finance, we conduct a two-step analysis. First, we analyze the level of financial support RE finance programs provide MSMEs. Second, we look closely into two specific RE projects that support MSMEs to examine whether funding is reaching these local actors to help drive RE dissemination from the bottom up. We find that the majority of RE development projects focus on large-scale energy plants and that MSMEs receive only marginal shares of the development funding. The lion's share of the funding goes to large-scale plant projects, which, in fact, make a limited socio-economic impact on the region. In contrast, projects driven by MSMEs respond to specific local needs and spur economic activity. Our findings contribute to the literature on transition studies and political economy of the energy transition.