Expert Consensus Recommendations Research Articles

Best Practices in Telecritical Care: Expert Consensus Recommendations From the Telecritical Care Collaborative Network

Objectives: Telecritical care (TCC) refers to the delivery of critical care using telehealth technologies. Despite increasing utilization, significant practice variation exists and literature regarding efficacy remains sparse. The Telecritical Care Collaborative Network sought to provide expert, consensus-based best practice recommendations for the design and delivery of TCC. Design: We used a modified Delphi methodology. Following literature review, an oversight panel identified core domains and developed declarative statements for review by an expert voting panel. During three voting rounds, voters agreed or disagreed with statements and provided open-ended feedback, which the oversight panel used to revise statements. Statements met criteria for consensus when accepted by greater than or equal to 85% of voters. Setting/Subjects: The oversight panel included 18 multidisciplinary members of the TCC Collaborative Network, and the voting panel included 32 invited experts in TCC, emphasizing diversity of discipline, care delivery models, and geography. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: We identified ten core domains: definitions/terminology; care delivery models; staffing and coverage models; technological considerations; ergonomics and workplace safety; licensing, credentialing, and certification; trust and relationship building; quality, safety, and efficiency, research agenda; and advocacy, leading to 79 practice statements. Of 79 original statements, 67 were accepted in round 1. After revision, nine were accepted in round 2 and two in round 3 (two statements were merged). In total, 78 practice statements achieved expert consensus. Conclusions: These expert consensus recommendations cover a broad range of topics relevant to delivery of TCC. Experts agreed that TCC is most effective when delivered by care teams with specific expertise and by programs with explicit protocols focusing on effective communication, technical reliability, and real-time availability. Interventions should be tailored to local conditions. Although further research is needed to guide future best practice statements, these results provide valuable and actionable recommendations for the delivery of high-quality TCC.

Adhesion barriers in gynecologic surgeries and cesarean section: An Asia-Pacific expert panel consensus recommendation.

Adhesions arising from gynecologic surgeries and cesarean sections pose substantial clinical, social, and economic challenges, leading to issues like pelvic pain, infertility, bowel obstruction, and recurring surgeries. Preventing adhesions is a pressing unmet need, hindered by difficulties in assessing postoperative adhesions and understanding barriers. To bridge adhesion prevention gaps, statements on clinical practices were synthesized to present Asia-Pacific expert perspectives on gynecologic surgery and cesarean section adhesion prevention. An expert panel of eight physicians from various healthcare settings in the Asia-Pacific region was convened and a comprehensive literature search on topics related to adhesion prevention in gynecologic surgeries and cesarean sections was performed. Information from full-text publications was used to develop draft consensus statements, with each statement assigned the highest available evidence level based on a systematic literature review and graded using the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine criteria. A modified Delphi process, involving two rounds of online voting and discussions with an extended group of 109 experts, was employed to reach a consensus on six topics related to adhesion barriers. A set of 15 consensus statements were synthesized. Key topics include adhesion incidence in Asia, cesarean section complications, barrier application status, adhesion formation and prevention, absorbable barriers' effectiveness, recommendations, and future considerations. The statements provide guidance for healthcare professionals, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, to tackle the challenges posed by postoperative adhesions and improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and prevention of adhesions in this region.

112P Reporting of molecular test results from cell-free DNA analyses: Expert consensus recommendations from the 2023 European Liquid Biopsy Society ctDNA workshop

112P Reporting of molecular test results from cell-free DNA analyses: Expert consensus recommendations from the 2023 European Liquid Biopsy Society ctDNA workshop

54498 International expert consensus recommendations for use of dermocosmetics in acne

54498 International expert consensus recommendations for use of dermocosmetics in acne

Best-Practice Biomarker Testing of Oesophago-Gastric Cancer in the UK: Expert Consensus Recommendations Developed Using a Modified Delphi

AimsOesophago-gastric cancers (OGCs) are amongst the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide and are associated with high disease-related mortality. Predictive biomarkers are molecules that can be objectively measured and used to indicate a likely response to therapeutic intervention, thus facilitating individualised cancer therapy. However, there remains variation in uptake and implementation of biomarker testing across the UK. Materials and methodsWe conducted a modified Delphi study to formulate consensus recommendations for best-practice biomarker testing of OGC in the UK. We employed two rounds of online questionnaires followed by a virtual consensus meeting. Biomarkers for discussion included HER2, MSI/MMR, and PD-L1. Topics comprised the overall biomarker pathway, pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical considerations, including challenges in current practice. ResultsTwenty-six and eighteen participants completed the first and second round Delphi questionnaire, respectively, with an even split of pathologists and oncologists from across the UK. There was consensus (>80% agreement) across several topics, including the requirements for standardisation of the pathway, which must include coordination throughout the tissue journey, requirements for a quality-assured process to ensure accuracy and validity of testing, plus the need for clear, detailed information on the pathology report to support treatment decisions. There was consensus amongst oncologists regarding reflex testing of all biomarkers depending on histology; however, concerns over capacity in relation to workload and availability of pathologists were evident among the pathologists. Overall, participants were in the opinion that reflex testing improves the speed of treatment decisions and improves patient care. ConclusionThe recommendations reflect best-practices and should be implemented to support rapid multidisciplinary team decision-making within oesophago-gastric cancer. Results reflect the need for standardisation and demonstrate the challenges faced in clinical practice by those requesting and testing biomarkers for oesophago-gastric cancer, suggesting significant concerns relating to pathologist capacity.

Management of Allergic Rhinitis in the United Arab Emirates: Expert Consensus Recommendations on Allergen Immunotherapy.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the upper airways caused by a type I hypersensitivity reaction triggered by environmental allergens. AR is associated with significant morbidity and affects patients' quality of life, emotional well-being, productivity, and cognitive functioning. As AR prevalence and morbidity have increased significantly worldwide, similar observations have been noted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with AR becoming a potential public health issue. Management of AR in the UAE is mainly provided by non-allergy specialists relying on first-line treatments such as intranasal steroids and antihistamines, with often suboptimal and short-term efficacy. Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) is the only currently available disease-modifying treatment option in the form of either subcutaneous or sublingual allergen immunotherapy that has been proven to have long-term benefits. This article aims to provide recommendations regarding the use of AIT for managing AR in the UAE, considering both the current landscape in the Emirati healthcare system and local experience.

Expert Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Ocular Surface Inflammation in Patients With Glaucoma.

We have developed through a consensus process 24 clinical recommendations for the comprehensive management of ocular surface inflammation in glaucoma patients, including diagnostic criteria, prevention measures, and treatment strategies according to ocular surface disease severity. To obtain expert consensus on the diagnosis, prevention, and management of ocular surface inflammation (OSI) in patients with glaucoma. An international steering committee of glaucoma and/or ocular surface disease (OSD) experts and a wider faculty of members from the Educational Club of Ocular Surface and Glaucoma (ECOS-G) collaborated to develop clinical recommendations on best practice in the management of OSI in glaucoma patients using a nonanonymous interactive quasi-Delphi process. Clinical recommendations were formulated by the steering committee based on an analysis of the recent literature to determine unmet needs, together with a web-based interactive survey of faculty members' opinion in seven identified areas of OSI management in glaucoma. Topics included (1) diagnosis of OSD, (2) diagnosis of OSI, (3) causes of OSI, (4) impact of OSD/OSI, (5) prevention of OSI, (6) treatment of OSI, and (7) inflammation and the deep structures of the eye. Faculty members were invited to vote on the clinical recommendations, and the steering committee then determined whether consensus had been achieved. Consensus was obtained on 24 clinical recommendations by 80%-100% of faculty members. There was consensus that OSI should be investigated in all glaucoma patients. The main prevention measure in glaucoma patients with pre-existing OSD was the elimination/minimisation of preserved medications, especially BAK-preserved eye drops. A subtractive treatment strategy rather than an additive strategy is recommended according to OSI/OSD severity to improve the ocular health and/or before glaucoma surgery. These recommendations for the management of OSI in glaucoma should be useful to guide decision-making in clinical practice.

Expert consensus on clinical application of inhaled nitric oxide therapy (2024 edition)

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator that has been used in newborns, children, and adults with various cardiopulmonary diseases to reduce pulmonary artery pressure and improve oxygenation. Currently, there are numerous brands of iNO devices on the market with significant differences in performance, as well as variations in connection and setup. Additionally, adverse reactions such as methemoglobinemia may occur during iNO treatment. Therefore, the safety and efficacy of this treatment need to be ensured in clinical practice. To address these concerns and standardize the clinical application of iNO therapy, the Respiratory Care Group of Chinese Thoracic Society and Respiratory Therapist Working Group of Respiratory Career Development Committee, Chinese Association of Chest Physician have organized relevant experts to develop an expert consensus on the clinical application of iNO therapy based on the latest research progress and clinical operational experience. This consensus includes 11 expert consensus recommendations on indications and contraindications of iNO, selection and connection of iNO devices, dose selection and therapeutic effect evaluation of iNO, adverse effects and occupational protection during iNO treatment, transport of patients with iNO, weaning of iNO, cleaning, disinfection and maintenance of iNO devices, and iNO clinical use process and records. The aim is to improve the cognitive and practical ability of clinical practitioners for the standardized application of iNO therapy, so as to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical application of iNO therapy.

Optimizing early phase clinical trial washout periods: a report from the therapeutic advances in childhood leukemia and lymphoma (TACL) consortium.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) issued a 2021 memorandum adopting the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and Friends of Cancer Research (Friends) task force recommendations to broaden clinical study eligibility criteria. They recommended that washout periods be eliminated for most prior cancer therapy and when required, to utilize evidence/rationale-based criteria. The Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma (TACL) consortium responded to this guidance. A TACL task force reviewed the consortium's research portfolio, the relevant literature and guidance documents from ASCO-Friends, NCI, and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to make expert consensus and evidence-based recommendations for modernizing, broadening and codifying TACL-study washout periods while ensuring consistency with pediatric ethics and federal regulations. TACL's screening log was reviewed to estimate the impact that updated washout periods would have on patient inclusivity and recruitment. Over a 19-year period, 42 patients (14.6% of all screened ineligible (n = 287) patients), were identified as excluded from TACL early-phase studies exclusively due to not meeting washout criteria. An additional six (2.1%) did not meet washout and at least one other exclusion criterion. A new TACL washout guidance document was developed/adopted for use. Where washout criteria were not eliminated, rationale/evidenced-based criteria were established with citation. In an effort to reduce unnecessary exclusion from clinical trials, TACL created rationale/evidenced-based washout period standards largely following guidance from the NCI/ASCO-Friends recommendations. These new, expanded eligibility criteria are expected to increase access to TACL clinical trials while maintaining safety and scientific excellence.

Spanish experts consensus on emergency psychiatric care in hospital emergency departments

BackgroundThe demand for urgent psychiatric care is increasing, but in Spain there are no clear recommendations for emergency departments (ED) on how to optimize care for patients with psychiatric emergencies. We aimed to provide expert consensus recommendations on the requirements for general hospitals´ emergency departments to treat patients with urgent psychiatric symptoms.MethodsWe used a modified Delphi technique. A scientific committee compiled 36 statements based on literature search and clinical experience. The statements covered the organizational model, facilities, staffing, safety, patient interventions, and staff training. A panel of 38 psychiatry specialists with expertise in psychiatric emergencies evaluated the questionnaire in two rounds.ResultsAfter two rounds of voting, 30 out of 36 proposed items (83%) were agreed upon. The panel agreed that psychiatric emergencies should be managed in a general hospital, with dedicated facilities for patient assessment, direct supervision of patients at risk, and an observation unit run by the psychiatric service. In addition to the psychiatrist, the ED should have specialist nurses and security staff available 24/7. Social workers should also be readily available. ED and consulting rooms should be designed to ensure patient and staff safety. A triage system should be established for patients with psychiatric symptoms, with medical evaluation preceding psychiatric evaluation. Guidance on supplies, equipment, and staff training is also provided.ConclusionAll ED in general hospitals should have adequate resources to handle any psychiatric emergency. This paper provides recommendations on the minimum requirements to achieve this goal.

Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Patients: Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Successful liberation from mechanical ventilation is one of the most crucial processes in critical care because it is the first step by which a respiratory failure patient begins to transition out of the intensive care unit and return to their own life. Therefore, when devising appropriate strategies for removing mechanical ventilation, it is essential to consider not only the individual experiences of healthcare professionals, but also scientific and systematic approaches. Recently, numerous studies have investigated methods and tools for identifying when mechanically ventilated patients are ready to breathe on their own. The Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine therefore provides these recommendations to clinicians about liberation from the ventilator. Meta-analyses and comprehensive syntheses were used to thoroughly review, compile, and summarize the complete body of relevant evidence. All studies were meticulously assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method, and the outcomes were presented succinctly as evidence profiles. Those evidence syntheses were discussed by a multidisciplinary committee of experts in mechanical ventilation, who then developed and approved recommendations. Recommendations for nine population, intervention, comparator, outcome (PICO) questions about ventilator liberation are presented in this document. This guideline includes seven conditional recommendations, one expert consensus recommendation, and one conditional deferred recommendation. We developed these clinical guidelines for mechanical ventilation liberation to provide meaningful recommendations. These guidelines reflect the best treatment for patients seeking liberation from mechanical ventilation.

International expert consensus recommendations for the use of dermocosmetics in acne.

A wide variety of dermocosmetics (products with both active skincare and cosmetic activity) are available for the management of acne vulgaris. These products are important because they may be the first line of approach for patients desiring to self-treat and they can also have beneficial effects-reducing lesion counts and improving global acne severity. When used in conjunction with medical therapy, dermocosmetics can improve tolerability and enhance results. We reviewed available evidence and combined it with our clinical experience to help guide clinicians in selecting skincare products with acne-targeting ingredients. An international panel of dermatologists with an interest and expertise in managing acne performed a literature review, formulated clinical questions related to the role of dermocosmetics in the acne setting, used a modified GRADE approach to evaluate available evidence and then utilized an online iterative Delphi process to create consensus recommendations. It should be noted that due to the limited number of available studies, the category of dermocosmetics was evaluated rather than specific ingredients. The quality of evidence was found to be low to moderate. Key recommendations were made based on available evidence for the use of dermocosmetics in acne to improve acne global assessment, reduce acne lesion counts, reduce superficial skin oiliness and serve as maintenance therapy after medical treatment, while providing a good tolerability. Recommendations were also made for using dermocosmetics as adjuncts to medical treatment. While there is a need for better quality evidence, dermocosmetics have demonstrated some benefit for acne both when used alone in its milder clinical presentations or in maintenance post acne medication and as adjunct to acne treatments.

Expert consensus recommendations on the daily clinical use of pembrolizumab for early triple-negative breast cancer.

e12521 Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10–15% of all breast cancer cases and is associated with poor outcomes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment for early TNBC (eTNBC) to achieve a pathologic complete response which is associated with long-term clinical outcomes and to guide adjuvant treatment for residual disease after definitive surgery. Pembrolizumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, is approved for the peri-operative treatment of stage II and III TNBC. The Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation (HKBCF) convened a multi-disciplinary consensus consisting of surgeons, and clinical and medical oncologists to discuss the implementation of immunotherapy in the peri-operative setting and provide expert guidance on topics lacking definitive evidence from the KEYNOTE-522 study in daily clinical routine. Methods: The panel included 7 breast surgeons, 6 clinical oncologists, and 3 medical oncologists representing the academic, public, and private settings in Hong Kong. A modified Delphi panel was conducted, testing the panel on 7 different topics and 45 statements relating to the peri-operative treatment of eTNBC. Evidence was graded according to GRADE. Statements were initially voted by online form on a 6-point Likert scale, and the results were discussed during a consensus meeting. Consensus to accept was considered at a median ≥5 and an IQR ≤1.75 and consensus to reject at median ≤2 and an IQR ≤1.75. Results: Key findings are that the panel considered 1) the uncommon subtype “oestrogen receptor (ER)-low” does not formally meet the definition of TNBC but should be treated as TNBC; 2) pembrolizumab as a viable addition in the peri-operative setting; 3) guideline-recommended NAC for cT1c disease may be considered; but 4) this does not necessarily mean immunotherapy should be added, though it may be considered case-by-case. Furthermore, the panel 5) agreed that pembrolizumab prescription does not need to be guided by PD-L1 expression, and 6) that for patients with residual disease after NAC plus pembrolizumab, the addition of capecitabine to pembrolizumab is acceptable, however, 7) was divided about the addition of a PARPi to pembrolizumab for patients with a germline BRCA1/2 mutation (g BRCA1/2m) and residual disease — guided by the lack of routine g BRCA1/2m testing in Hong Kong. Finally, the panel 8) proposed to recommend adhering to the KEYNOTE-522 weekly paclitaxel regimen with a subclause to consider 3-weekly regimen as an alternative for specific technical or logistical challenges. Conclusions: The KEYNOTE-522 study has provided robust evidence on the efficacy and safety of peri-operative pembrolizumab in eTNBC patients. However, several clinical questions remain unanswered, and until further evidence is available, the HKBCF recommendations provide expert guidance on the use of pembrolizumab for eTNBC patients in daily clinical practice.

Individualising Antithrombotic Strategies for Acute and Chronic Coronary Syndromes.

For patients presenting with acute or chronic coronary syndromes, current guideline recommendations and expert consensus provide a range of options for antithrombotic treatment. The European Society of Cardiology 2023 guidelines on the management of acute coronary syndrome emphasise the need to assess the risk of both ischaemic events and bleeding. Those with high bleeding risk warrant particular consideration of the duration and intensity of antithrombotic therapy combinations. A joint consensus of experts takes a similar approach, informed by two network meta-analyses that appraised all available antithrombotic treatments within or after the 12 months following coronary revascularisation and/or acute coronary syndrome and individual participant data from six trials. In this article, four case studies are used to illustrate how these guidelines and expert consensus recommendations can be applied in clinical practice.

Optimal management of radiation pneumonitis: Findings of an international Delphi consensus study

PurposeRadiation pneumonitis (RP) is a dose-limiting toxicity for patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for lung cancer, however, the optimal practice for diagnosis, management, and follow-up for RP remains unclear. We thus sought to establish expert consensus recommendations through a Delphi Consensus study. MethodsIn Round 1, open questions were distributed to 31 expert clinicians treating thoracic malignancies. In Round 2, participants rated agreement/disagreement with statements derived from Round 1 answers using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was defined as ≥ 75 % agreement. Statements that did not achieve consensus were modified and re-tested in Round 3. ResultsResponse rate was 74 % in Round 1 (n = 23/31; 17 oncologists, 6 pulmonologists); 82 % in Round 2 (n = 19/23; 15 oncologists, 4 pulmonologists); and 100 % in Round 3 (n = 19/19). Thirty-nine of 65 Round 2 statements achieved consensus; a further 10 of 26 statements achieved consensus in Round 3. In Round 2, there was agreement that risk stratification/mitigation includes patient factors; optimal treatment planning; the basis for diagnosis of RP; and that oncologists and pulmonologists should be involved in treatment. For uncomplicated radiation pneumonitis, an equivalent to 60 mg oral prednisone per day, with consideration of gastroprotection, is a typical initial regimen. However, in this study, no consensus was achieved for dosing recommendation. Initial steroid dose should be administered for a duration of 2 weeks, followed by a gradual, weekly taper (equivalent to 10 mg prednisone decrease per week). For severe pneumonitis, IV methylprednisolone is recommended for 3 days prior to initiating oral corticosteroids. Final consensus statements included that the treatment of RP should be multidisciplinary, the uncertainty of whether pneumonitis is drug versus radiation-induced, and the importance risk stratification, especially in the scenario of interstitial lung disease. ConclusionsThis Delphi study achieved consensus recommendations and provides practical guidance on diagnosis and management of RP.

Expert consensus recommendations for innovative antiretroviral drugs

Expert consensus recommendations for innovative antiretroviral drugs

Definition, acronyms, nomenclature, and classification of angioedema (DANCE): AAAAI, ACAAI, ACARE, and APAAACI DANCE consensus

BackgroundAngioedema (AE) manifests with intermittent, localized, self-limiting swelling of the subcutaneous and/or submucosal tissue. AE is heterogeneous, can be hereditary or acquired, occurs only once or be recurrent, with or without wheals, due to mast cell mediators, bradykinin or other mechanisms. Currently, different taxonomic systems are used, making it difficult to compare the results of studies, develop multicenter collaboration, and harmonize treatments of AE patients. ObjectiveTo develop a consensus on the definition, acronyms, nomenclature, and classification of angioedema (DANCE). MethodsThe initiative involved 91 experts from 35 countries and was endorsed by 53 scientific, medical societies, and patient organizations. A consensus was reached by online discussion and voting using the Delphi process over a period of 16 months (June 2021 to November 2022). ResultsThe DANCE initiative resulted in an international consensus on the definition, classification and terminology of AE. The new consensus classification features five types and endotypes of AE and a harmonized vocabulary of abbreviations and acronyms. ConclusionThe DANCE classification complements current clinical guidelines and expert consensus recommendations on the diagnostic workup and treatment of AE. DANCE does not replace current clinical guidelines and expert consensus algorithms and should not be misconstrued in a way that affects reimbursement of medicines prescribed by a physician using sound clinical judgment. We anticipate that the new AE taxonomy and nomenclature will harmonize and facilitate AE research and clinical studies, thereby improving patient care.

Expert Consensus Recommendations on Seizure Emergencies Suitable for Rapid and Early Seizure Termination (REST) and Timing of Intervention (P9-1.003)

Expert Consensus Recommendations on Seizure Emergencies Suitable for Rapid and Early Seizure Termination (REST) and Timing of Intervention (P9-1.003)

Invaluable Benefits of 10 Years of the International Collaboration of Aphasia Trialists (CATs).

Aphasia research has traditionally been considered a (unidisciplinary) niche topic in medical science. The international Collaboration of Aphasia Trialists (CATs) is a global collaboration of multidisciplinary aphasia researchers. Over the past 10 years, CATs has collectively taken a rigorous approach to systematically address persistent challenges to aphasia research quality. This article summarizes the achievements over the past decade. CATs' achievements include: standardizing terminology, advancing aphasia research design by aphasia expert consensus recommendations, developing a core data set and intervention descriptors, facilitating the involvement of people with the language impairment aphasia in the research process, translating, and adapting assessment tools into global languages, encouraging data sharing, developing innovative secondary data analysis methodologies and promoting the transparency and accessibility of high quality aphasia research reports. CATs' educational and scientific achievements over the past 10 years far exceed what individual researchers in the field could have ever achieved.

Expert consensus recommendations for improving and standardising the assessment of patients with generalised myasthenia gravis.

Regular and consistent disease assessment could provide a clearer picture of burden in generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) and improve patient care; however, the use of assessment tools in practice lacks standardisation. This modified Delphi approach was taken to review current evidence on assessment tool use in gMG and develop expert-derived consensus recommendations for good practice. A European expert panel of 15 experienced gMG neurologists contributed to development of this consensus, four of whom formed a lead Sub-committee. The PICO (Population, Intervention, Control, Outcomes) framework was used to define six clinical questions on gMG assessment tools, a systematic literature review was conducted, and evidence-based statements were developed. According to a modified Delphi voting process, consensus was reached when ≥70% of the experts rated agreement with a statement as ≥8 on a scale of 1-10. Eighteen expert- and evidence-based consensus statements based on six themes were developed. Key recommendations include: consistent use of the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living score (MG-ADL) across clinical settings, followed by a simple question (e.g., Patient Acceptable Symptom State [PASS]) or scale to determine patient satisfaction in clinical practice; use of a Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis [QMG] or quality of life [QoL] assessment when the MG-ADL indicates disease worsening; and consideration of symptom state to determine the timing and frequency of recommended assessments. Expert panel consensus was reached on all 18 statements after two voting rounds. This process provided evidence- and expert consensus-based recommendations for the use of objective and subjective assessment tools across gMG research and care to improve management and outcomes for patients.