Experimental Switching System Research Articles

Kernel-based system identification with manifold regularization: A Bayesian perspective

This paper presents a nonparametric Bayesian interpretation of kernel-based function learning with manifold regularization. We show that manifold regularization corresponds to an additional likelihood term derived from noisy observations of the function gradient along the regressors graph. The hyperparameters of the method are estimated by a suitable empirical Bayes approach. The effectiveness of the method in the context of dynamical system identification is evaluated on a simulated linear system and on an experimental switching system setup.

Digital Switching of FM Video

Frequency modulation (FM) technology offers a near alternative for supplying broadband video to residences and businesses. In previously reported switched FM video services, the switching function utilized analog heterodyning and wideband field-effect transistor (FET) analog circuits. Analog techniques are costly, power consuming, and susceptible to crosstalk. This paper describes the application of a 64 × 16 CMOS digital switch chip to switching FM video information. An experimental switching system has been used to demonstrate switching of standard television-quality FM video, providing a 55-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Digital switching of FM video results in a major reduction in cost, size, and power dissipation. It is also less susceptible to signal interference, making FM switching of several hundred I/O ports possible.

Broadband photonic switching using guided-wave fabrics

Photonic switches based on guided-wave lithium niobate technology are considered and one of the first applications, the distributed switching with centralized optics (DiSCO) experimental switching system, is described. This system interconnects commercial private branch exchanges (PBXs) through an 8*8 lithium niobate time-multiplexed switching network. It is shown that the dilated Benes architecture provides a switching network that is not limited by crosstalk. In addition, signal loss does not significantly constrain the switch size when an optical amplifier is used. It is suggested that with the use of the dilated Benes architecture and the solution of the clock-synchronization problem guided-wave photonic switching is ideally suited for high-bandwidth services, such as broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN), that are likely to be offered in the future.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Extensible packaged architecture

This paper proposes an extensible distributed architecture that is applied to an experimental switching system called expect for Extensible Packaged Electronic Switching System. It consists of microprocessor units and a common bus with two different kinds of optical arbiters. With its architecture, new functions can easily be added with new processing software-hardware packages where no modification is necessary to the existing system.

A Prototype Switching System Employing a Matching-Based Language

This paper describes an experimental switching system employing a nonprocedural language. It presents a study of the appropriate architecture for implementing the language, and examines the system's performance characteristics. Furthermore, it identifies the critical part of the architecture, and provides two strategies for throughput improvement and indicates their effects.

Microprocessor Application to Telephone Terminal Switching System Architecture

Microprocessor application to a switching system, especially to telephone terminals, is expected to change switching system architecture. From this viewpoint, Basic Experimental Switching System (BESS) is designed as a functionally distributed control switching system accommodating intelligent terminals. This paper describes BESS hardware and software structures. BESS has the following characteristics. 1) Microprocessor controlled terminals can store and forward dialed digits, and can exchange data between them. Almost all services can be realized merely by a program stored in each terminal itself. 2) Functionally distributed controller of only three untailored microprocessors can treat 100 basic calls. 3) Program flexibility is especially realized by distinct exchange program separation into algorithm, data management and network control parts.

The Erosion Characteristics of Ag Contacts and the Effect of Adding a Small Percentage of W

Silver and Ag-W (10 weight percent W) were operated in a 5.I-A (peak) 308-V (peak) full-wave rectified dc circuit. The experimental switching system was operated 1.5 times per minute; the opening and closing velocities were 4 x 10-2 and 3 x 10-4 cm/s, respectively; the fully open contact spacing was 200 µm; and the contacts were closed for 3 s. The opening and closing of the contacts were controlled by a heater-bimetal combination attached to the moving contact. The following contact pairs were used: Ag versus Ag, Ag-W versus Ag-W and Ag versus Ag-W. All combinations of contact material and contact polarity were used. The experimental results showed that there was always a net transfer of contact material from the cathode to the anode. The volume of material transferred was strongly dependent upon whether the anode was the moving (hotter) or the fixed (cooler) contact: the greater erosion occurring when the anode was the hotter contact. For Ag versus Ag contacts thc erosion pattern resulted inone pip on the anode and one crater on the cathode. For Ag-W versus AgW contacts the presence of the small percentage of W resulted in multiple pip and crater formations. The experiments with the Ag versus Ag-W showed that the cathode electrode material determined the erosion pattern observed, i.e., when the Ag-W was the cathode, multiple pip and crater'formations occurred, but when Ag was the cathode, only a single pip and crater structure was observed. The presence of the W either in the cathode or in the anode decreased the observed erosion. These experimental results are discussed in terms of how the presence of W affects the emission characteristics of the cathode region and also affects the movement of the arc roots.

The Effect of Surface Segregation of Mg on the Contact Resistance of Al-0.5-Percent Mg

Silver and Ag-W (10 weight percent W) were operated in a 5.I-A (peak) 308-V (peak) full-wave rectified dc circuit. The experimental switching system was operated 1.5 times per minute; the opening and closing velocities were 4 x 10-2 and 3 x 10-4 cm/s, respectively; the fully open contact spacing was 200 µm; and the contacts were closed for 3 s. The opening and closing of the contacts were controlled by a heater-bimetal combination attached to the moving contact. The following contact pairs were used: Ag versus Ag, Ag-W versus Ag-W and Ag versus Ag-W. All combinations of contact material and contact polarity were used. The experimental results showed that there was always a net transfer of contact material from the cathode to the anode. The volume of material transferred was strongly dependent upon whether the anode was the moving (hotter) or the fixed (cooler) contact: the greater erosion occurring when the anode was the hotter contact. For Ag versus Ag contacts thc erosion pattern resulted inone pip on the anode and one crater on the cathode. For Ag-W versus AgW contacts the presence of the small percentage of W resulted in multiple pip and crater formations. The experiments with the Ag versus Ag-W showed that the cathode electrode material determined the erosion pattern observed, i.e., when the Ag-W was the cathode, multiple pip and crater'formations occurred, but when Ag was the cathode, only a single pip and crater structure was observed. The presence of the W either in the cathode or in the anode decreased the observed erosion. These experimental results are discussed in terms of how the presence of W affects the emission characteristics of the cathode region and also affects the movement of the arc roots.

Verification of the Logic Structure of an Experimental Switching System on a Digital Computer

The verification problem is concerned with the construction on a computer of a logical program which satisfies all the design specifications prescribed for an experimental switching system and with the process of putting calls through the computer simulation to evaluate the system's logical structure.