The design and application of medical imaging diagnostic assistance systems have become an indispensable facet of modern medicine. Technologies based on machine learning can handle vast and intricate medical imaging data, offering precise diagnostic support and significantly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of clinical diagnoses. This study focuses on the development and implementation of an efficient medical imaging diagnostic assistance system utilizing machine learning algorithms such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP). Through the architectural design of intelligent diagnostic assistance systems, data preprocessing, and feature vectorization, combined with the application of classification algorithms, a robust diagnostic support system capable of addressing diverse medical scenarios has been constructed. Performance evaluation experiments indicate that this system demonstrates high accuracy and robustness in processing medical imaging data, holding potential for clinical implementation. The findings of this study provide new insights for the advancement of intelligent diagnostic systems in medical imaging and lay a solid foundation for the development of future clinical diagnostic tools.