Experimental Group Of Pigs Research Articles

Immunobiological status of the organism of young pigs during their triphasic period cultivation and actions of corrective factors

The problem of the impact and consequences of technological stress is accompanied by several reactions that do not always have a positive effect on the animal's body. The work aimed to investigate the dynamics of indicators of the immunobiological status of piglets during their three-phase rearing and the use of immunostimulating agents Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start. Parallel studies were conducted based on the private farm “Meat Resources” LLC of the Lviv region of the Starosambir district, which practices three-phase pig breeding. The experiment involved 36 analog piglets and hybrids of Landrace and Great White breeds, which were formed into 3 groups of 12 animals each. Piglets of the control group were fed the standard ration provided by the technology. During the first three days of life, newborn piglets of the first experimental group were given 2 ml/gal of liquid Globigen®Pig Doser. The piglets of the second experimental group were given a powdered dry product Globigen®Jump Start, which was added to the main diet at 0.2 % per ton of feed. It was established that the use of means with an immunostimulating effect was accompanied by a decrease in the content of Ig M in the blood samples of experimental groups of piglets. Thus, in the blood serum of 30-day-old piglets under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser with a high level of probability (Р < 0.02), a decrease in the content of this class of antibodies was found to the level of 1.59 mg/ml, and under the influence of Globigen® Jump Start the content in the blood serum of 60-day-old piglets, having reached the lowest value, was 2.08 mg/ml. The positive effect of immunostimulating agents, which was characterized by an increase in the amount of Ig G, was found in experimental groups of pigs at the age of 60 days: 17.10 mg/ml for the effects of Globigen® Pig Doser and 17.08 mg/ml for the impact of Globigen® Jump Start. The highest content of Ig A with high probability (P < 0.001) was found in blood samples of animals that were given Globigen® Jump Start – 3.45 mg/ml and 3.86 mg/ml under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser. The practicality and effectiveness of the use of means with immunostimulating properties, the main active ingredient of which is the immunoglobulin of a chicken egg, is explained by the ability to influence the pathogenesis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which arise as a result of weakening the resistance of the animal body under the influence of a large number of technological stresses. Research data prove that the specificity of the action of Ig Y has a positive effect on the preservation of the integrity of the villi of the intestinal mucosa, which is reflected by the strengthening of its protective and barrier function, which in general contributes to the increase in the percentage of animal survival: using Globigen®Pig Doser 80.0 % and 86.7 % using Globigen®Jump Start. Based on such results, it can be asserted that the use of Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start for three-phase pig farming is scientifically justified and economically feasible.

PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PIGS OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN

Scientific and industrial research was carried out at the industrial pig farm. The efficiency of industrial crossbreeding of Large White pigs with Landrace and Pietrain meat breeds has been clarified. The reproductive capacity of sows after crossing with boars of different breeds, growth and development and fattening qualities of piglets of different genotypes were studied in a comparative aspect. Six experimental groups of pigs were formed for the experiment: Group I – purebred Large White breed, Group II – Landrace breed and Group III – Pietrain breed. Groups IV and V included crossbreeds IV – ½ Large White × ½ Landrace and V – ½ Large White × ½ Pietrain, respectively. Group VI is represented by three-breed hybrid animals: ¼ Large White × ¼ Landrace × ½ Pietrain. Such a scheme is due to obtaining crossbreds with high growth energy and good meat qualities. According to the indicators of growth and development, crossbred piglets had better dynamics during the entire growing period. At the end of fattening, the animals of Groups IV and VI exceeded their purebred contemporaries of the Large White breed in terms of reaching a body weight of 100 kg 10 and 8 days faster. The best slaughter yield had pigs of Group VI – ¼ Large White × ¼ Landrace × ½ Pietrain. A high indicator had also animals of Group IV – ½ Large White × ½ Landrace. In general, crossbred pigs obtained from different combinations of breeds ½ Large White × ½ Landrace and ¼ Large White × ¼ Landrace × ½ Pietrain exceeded their peers of purebred origin in terms of reproductive capacity and indicators of growth and development of piglets. During the research, it was also found that the half-carcass length was better in crossbreeds of the Landrace breed. Landraces also had a positive effect on the index of spigot thickness. The area of the “muscle eye” and the mass of the rear third of the half-carcass were significantly influenced by the Pietrain breed.

Hematological parameters of young pigs when feeding an enzyme and probiotic drug and a complex mineral additive

The purpose of the work was to study the hematological parameters of young pigs on fattening when using the enzyme and probiotic drug “Bacell” separately and in combination with natural bischofite. The data of studies on the study of the effect of the drug “Bacell” separately and in combination with Volgograd bischofi te on hematological indicators refl ecting the physiological state of pigs were shown. The following parameters were studied in the blood such as the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, hemoglobin content, total protein, albumin, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus. It was revealed that at the end of the studies in animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups the number of red blood cells in the blood was higher than in the control group analogues by 5,80 and 8,70 %, the hemoglobin content was higher by 2,68 and 4,24 % (p < 0,001). Between the experimental groups the diff erence in the number of red blood cells in the blood was in favor of the young pigs of the 2nd group, the superiority of which in comparison with the 1st group was 2,74 %, and in terms of hemoglobin content by 1,52 %. Also, the young pigs of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups exceeded the control group in terms of the amount of total protein in the blood serum, respectively, by 2,01 g/l or 2,52 % (p < 0,05) and 2,31 g/l or 2,89 % (p < 0,01); albumins by 1,24 g/l or 3,53 % (p < 0,05) and 1,56 g/l or 4,44 % (p < 0,01); globulins – 0,76 g/l or 1,70 % and 0,75 g/l or 1,68 %. In the experimental groups of pigs, in terms of the total protein content in the blood serum, the animals of the 2nd group had an advantage, which exceeded the analogues of the 1st group by the studied indicator of 0,30 g/l or 0,37 %, and in terms of albumin concentration by 0,32 g/l or 0,88 %. At the same time, a higher protein index of blood serum was established in fattened young pigs of the experimental groups by 2,57 and 3,85 %, respectively, compared with the control group. Mineral metabolism was more intense in pigs of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Thus, the inclusion in the diets of fattened young pigs of experimental groups of the drug “Bacell”, both separately and in combination with Volgograd bischofite increased redox and metabolic processes in the body in comparison with the control group. These processes were more intense in young pigs of the 2nd experimental group, who received the drug “Bacell” in combination with natural bischofite.

Effect of supplementation of polyherbal feed additives on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in crossbred (LWY X Desi) finisher pigs

The present experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyherbal feed additives on the growth performance and nutrient utilisation of pigs during the finisher phase. Five groups of six pigs each with body weight of 35 kg were fed a common concentrate feed mixture (CFM) without any herbal feed supplements (T0), CFM with Restobal @ 15ml/day/animal mixed with feed once in every three days (T1), CFM with Stresomix @ 250g/tonne (T2), CFM with Ruchamax (T3) and Nbiotic (T4) each @ 500g/tonne, respectively up to attaining of live weight about 70 kg. During the experiment, the daily feed intake as well as weekly body weight was recorded. A digestion trial of seven-day duration was conducted at the end of feeding trial. Addition of herbal feed supplements did not significantly (p>0.05) influence the initial, final body weights and feed consumption (kg/day) of pigs. Among all experimental groups of pigs, pigs fed with Stresomix (T2) attained 70 kg from 35 kg body weight in 75 days, followed by T3 and T4 groups in 79 days and T1 group in 82 days and T0 groups in 90 days. Significant (p<0.05) increase in CP digestibility was found in pigs fed with herbal feed supplements (T1 to T4) than control diet (T0) and there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in digestibility of other nutrients.It was observed that including polyherbal preparations at an acceptable dose with concentrate feed will improve pig performance and nutrient digestibility while having no negative impact on their health.

PO-690-03 ATRIAL ELECTROMECHANICAL DISSOCIATION AS A NOVEL NON-INVASIVE PARAMETER OF EARLY REMODELING PROGRESSION DURING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Electromechanical assessment during atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a significant knowledge gap in patient-specific characterization of atrial remodeling. Study electromechanical remodeling progression in a long-term pig model of AF and establish the clinical prognostic value of the atrial electromechanical relationship. Experimental group of pigs with AF (N=15) and a prospective clinical cohort (N=95) of symptomatic AF patients (episode duration ≤6 months) undergoing atrial remodeling characterization. Atrial electromechanical remodeling was assessed using simultaneous surface ECG recordings and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) signals during echocardiography studies in AF. Electromechanical dissociation (EMD) was defined as faster atrial electrical activation rates (EAR) than the simultaneous counterpart TDI-derived mechanical activation rates (MAR). In patients, the primary outcome was cardioversion within a 24-h window after flecainide. Secondary outcomes were cardioversion of persistent AF and recurrences at 1-year. Pigs developed progressive EMD during the first weeks of AF-related remodeling (5-to-21 weeks after protocol initiation). EMD reached 2.29±2.47 Hz (p=0.04) at 12 weeks after the first recorded AF episode lasting ≥6 seconds. In pigs with long-lasting AF (342.5±86.6 d of self-sustained AF), high-resolution electroanatomical mapping and transesophageal echocardiography imaging demonstrated overt EMD (EAR-MAR=3.49±0.67 Hz) between local EARs from unipolar electrograms and the corresponding spatially and temporally synchronized MARs. In patients (55.0±11.6 years old), regardless of AF classification (paroxysmal or persistent AF), EMD was associated with failure of pharmacological cardioversion within the 24-h window after flecainide. EMD provided the highest increase in certainty for the primary outcome when added to AF classification compared to the increase provided by clinical variables and EARs. EMD was also associated with long-term AF recurrences both in the overall AF population and in the patient subset with persistent AF. Figure 1 summarizes the main study results. Atrial EMD is an early indicator of AF remodeling progression with prognostic value in acute and long-term rhythm control.

CHROMOSOMAL PROFILE OF LARGE WHITE AND LAND BREED PIGS

This article presents the results of studies of karyotypic variability of pigs of two breeds - large white and landrace.The research was carried out in the Department of Animal Genetics and Biotechnology of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V. Zubtsia of the National Academy of Sciences. Karyotype analysis was performed on preparations of metaphase chromosomes obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes according to the generally accepted method. The following cytogenetic indicators were included in the analysis: the frequency of aneuploid and polyploid cells, the frequency of cells with structural aberrations of chromosomes. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using Office Excel 2003.A comparative analysis of the karyotypes of two groups of pigs of the Great White and Landrace breeds shows the statistical reliability of the difference between the experimental groups of pigs in terms of the frequency of aberrant cells.The spectrum of numerical violations of the karyotype in all groups is represented by poly- and aneuploid cells. A higher frequency of polyploid cells is observed in pigs of the landrace breed compared to individuals of the large white breed.Almost twice as many aneuploid cells were recorded in landraces than in large white pigs).Analysis of the karyotypes of the studied groups of pigs revealed various chromosomal aberrations - associations and translocations of chromosomes, chromosomal breaks and fragments. Chromosome breaks in both groups of examined pigs occur with the same frequency - almost 3%. In the karyotypes of individual sows, we found two different centric fusions of chromosomes: in sow No. 7659 of the landrace breed, a Robertsonian translocation of rob 15/17, and in sow No. 2817 of the Big White breed, an association of chromosomes 16 and 17. These pigs were diagnosed with a reduced level of reproductive capacity, the cause of which, obviously, is a violation of the separation of chromosomes in meiosis. Among the studied animals, we did not find individuals with reciprocal translocations.In our study, in landraces, the frequency of premature separation of the centromeric regions of chromosomes in mitosis is 35,5% more frequent than in individuals of a large white breed, which indicates an unbalanced genotype of the animals of this studied group and indicates the peculiarities of selection work with them.The analysis of the pedigrees of the sows that were selected in the group for this study confirmed this assumption: the animals were obtained by interbreeding.Almost twice the frequency of polyploid cells confirms their belonging to animals of the meat type of productivity.Therefore, the analysis of polymorphism of karyotypic traits of pigs of the two studied groups of pigs of the Great White and Landrace breeds shows that the cytogenetic parameters of the studied pigs vary in the following range: the frequency of aberrant cells - from 5.11±0.05 to 7.63±0.17; frequency of polyploid cells - from 4.50±1.6 to 7.84±2.6; aneuploid - from 3.0±1.8 to 5.6±2.9; the frequency of chromosome breaks is from 2.8±1.3 to 2.9±1.7. It is obvious that the level of chromosomal instability is dominated by landrace pigs, the reason for which, in our opinion, is the peculiarities of breeding work with this breed.

Enzyme compositions in biological processes of animals to obtain environmentally friendly products

The urgency of the investigated problem is due to the fact that enzymatic compositions in the diets of agricultural mammals contribute to better digestion of nutrients, which allows increasing the rate of inexpensive raw materials ‘rich’ in anti-nutritional factors without compromising the health and productivity of the animal. The article is aimed at researching the digestibility of nutrients and the effect of enzyme compositions on the productivity of cows, and on the analysis of changes in live weight and average daily increments, slaughter and meat qualities of experimental young fattening pigs. The leading method of study is conducting scientific, economic and physiological experiments. Studies allow revealing the effects of enzyme compositions on the gastrointestinal tract microflora, which will directly affect the digestibility of nutrients and productive qualities. The digestibility ratios of feed nutrients were greater in the animals of the experimental groups receiving the enzyme compositions. In cows, milk production increased, and milk composition improved. In the experimental groups of pigs, there was an increase in live weight and average daily growth; a high yield of meat was obtained and the best ratio of meat to fat was observed. The results can be used to study metabolic processes in animals.

Effectiveness of anti-stress drug use in the feeding of pigs

The experiment has been carried out on a crossbred stock of young pigs in the period 2015–2017 under the conditions of JSC CHC “Krasnodonskoe” in the Ilovlinsky district in the Volgograd region. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the effect of the anti-stress drug Feed-Food Magic Antistress Mix in intensive pig rearing on the productive traits and quality of the products obtained, as well as the estimated economic indicators. In order to conduct a scientific and economic experiment at the age of 60 days young pigs were divided into 2 experimental groups (control and experimental) according to the principle of pair analogs. Each group contained 25 heads. The difference between the control and experimental groups was that the animals in the control group have received the main diet, and the experimental group has received the anti-stress drug Feed-Food Magic Antistress Mix in addition to the main diet. In the experimental group of pigs when this drug was administered in the age 180 days the live weight parameter was higher than in the control group by 1,55 kg. Clinical indicators of young pigs were within the physiological norm. The pre-slaughter weight in the experimental group has increased by 4,86 % compared to the control group. Due to the use of an anti-stress drug the slaughter weight of animals in the experimental group has increased by 6,69 %. In comparison with the control group the slaughter yield in the experimental group has increased by 1,18 %, in which this indicator was at the level of 67,62 %. The morphological composition of carcasses in animals of the experimental group was also improved. Meat yield has increased by 0,95 %. The yield of fat and bones has decreased by 0,59 and 0,36 %. The weight of internal organs was also superior in the experimental group of pigs. Due to the use of the anti-stress drug the level of profitability in the experimental group of animals has increased by 11,69 %.

Ультрафіолетова установка для опромінення тварин з автоматичним керуванням

Modern technologies for the production of livestock products provide for long-term keeping of young animals indoors with an artificial microclimate. That is, it is expected to maintain within the required limits of temperature, humidity, gassiness, lighting level, etc. In particular, to compensate for solar radiation, ultraviolet irradiation units are used. The main criterion of UV irradiation is the dose, which is individual for each species and age of animals. The obtained amount of irradiation depends on the type and power of the radiation source, the height of the suspension, the continuance of the irradiation process. Therefore, existing mobile UV irradiators need to be upgraded for efficient operation. The purpose of the study is to develop a UV irradiation system for a room with pigs of different ages and weights in pens with the possibility of automatically providing the required dose. In order to increase the accuracy maintenance of the recommended dose of UV radiation, the authors use a video camera and a device with software that fulfils the effect of "pattern recognition" and automatic control of the installation during its movement over animals, which are kept in boxes in different age groups. Experimental studies showed that in the experimental groups of pigs, where irradiation was carried out using the developed unit of automatic control of the UV installation, the set of live weight in piglets was 20-25 % more than in the control group.

The use of premix in feeding of young pigs on fattening

Increasing the production of pork meat requires careful work not only in terms of breeding, but also in the organization of complete feeding of animals, the correct selection of feed and feed additives containing the necessary nutrients. The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of premix in feeding young pigs on fattening. Two groups of fattening young pigs (Large White×Landrace) have been selected for the researches using the method of analogous groups, taking into account the breed, age, and live weight per 20 heads in each group with a live weight of 35 kg. Pigs of the control group have received the main economic diet, and animals of the experimental group have received an additional premix Khutorok at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The results have shown that the best age to reach 100 kg was in the experimental group of pigs – 215,8 days, which received premix with feed that characterizes their higher precocity by 36,3 days (P < 0,001) than in the control group of animals. The use of this premix had a positive impact on the livability of young animals, in the experimental group it was by 9,3 abs.% more than in the control group of animals. Thus, the best fattening traits have been possessed by young pigl of the experimental group have been received the premix Khutorok in their diet at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of using the premix Khutorok in the feeding pigs for fattening.

The effect of non-traditional feed additives on the metabolism of young pigs in Yakutia

The results of the study on the effect of zeolite feed additives on digestibility of fodder and metabolism of young white pigs in Yakutia are presented in the article. Three groups of pigs with 15 animals each were formed for the experiment. The formation of groups was produced by the method of analogues. The control group consumed a ration, the experimental groups additionally received Hongurin’s zeolite at the rate of 0.15 g/kg of body weight with 5g of Kempendiai salt, and in the second experimental group pigs received 0.18 g/kg of Hongurin’s zeolite and 6g of Kempendiai salt. The grinding class of zeolite flour is 1 mm. Feed additives have affected the rate of digestion and metabolism. So the experimental groups digested the nutrients better than the control group in dry matter by 0.22% and 0.91%, in organic matter by 0.55% and 1.28%, in protein by 2.16% and 2, 96%, in fat by 3.83% and 4.45%, in fiber by 7.96% and 8.21%. When studying metabolism in terms of deposition of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in experimental groups of pigs, superiority over animals in the control group was observed. The best metabolism was observed in animals of the experimental groups that exceeded their analogues in nitrogen by 0.56% and 4.93%, in calcium by 2.18% and 20.06%, in phosphorus by 11.43% and 20.15%. Thus, the use of non-traditional feed additives zeolite hongurin in feeding pigs provides the intensity of digestion of feed and improves the metabolism of animals in Yakutia.

Growth and development, meat pig productivity at use in their diets unconventional feed additives in Yakutia

Relevance. The article presents data on the influence of unconventional feed additives of the Suntar zeolite on growth and development, physiological parameters, as well as meat productivity of fattening pigs in Yakutia.Methods. For the experiments, 3 groups of animals were formed with 15 animals each. The rations of the experimental animals were identical, except for additional feeding of unconventional feed additives in the experimental groups.Results. The use of Suntar zeolite in experimental groups of pigs allowed to improve the growth and development of animals by 3.02% and 6.68%, respectively. At the same time, in terms of average daily growth, the control group of pigs yielded to experimental groups of animals by 7.42% and 15.17%. During the experiments, a difference was found in the indices of the morphological composition of fattening young pigs. The control group of young animals by the number of red blood cells yielded to experimental groups of pigs by 2.00% and 4.00%. By the number of leukocytes, the control group of the group lost 1.02% and 1.16% to the experimental groups of animals. At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter of animals was carried out. Qualitative differences were established between the superiority of the experimental groups over the control group in terms of carcass weight by 5.25% and 1.98%, by internal fat yield by 0.71% and 0.64%, slaughter yield by 0.71% and 0.64 %, according to the meat content by 0.9% and 2.97%, as well as the share of fat 0.54% and 0.74%. Thus, the use of unconventional feed additives of the Suntar zeolite in the fattening of young pigs has shown effectiveness.

Influence of probiotic complex on productive performance and metabolism in growing pigs

Topicality. To date, an extensive scientific and practical material has been accumulated to study the effectiveness of probiotic feed additives in the feeding of farm animals. Some mechanisms of their action on the animal body have been studied, positive effects have been established, which are expressed in improving the microbial balance of the intestine, increasing the protective properties of the body, and realizing the productive qualities of animals. It is necessary to study the effectiveness of the use of probiotic complexes in comparison with the action of antibiotic-containing drugs.Methodology. It was studied the probiotic complex of Enzymsporin containing a consortium of bacteria of the genus Bacillus (Bacillus subtilis VKM B-2998 D, Bacillus licheniformis VKM B-2999 D, Bacillus subtilis VKM B-3057D) at least 5x109 CFU/g was studied in comparison with antibiotic-containing drug Virginiamycin in feeding fattened young pigs. The studies were carried out on four groups (30 heads in each group) of growing pigs in the conditions of LLC “Bryansk meat processing plant” and in the laboratories of L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry. The duration of the experiment was 113 days.Results. During the studies, the control group of animals received compound feeds without probiotic additives, while the animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received compound feed with the addition of probiotic complex in an amount of 0.5 and 1.0 kg/t, the 4th experimental group of pigs received compound feed with the addition of antibiotic-containing drug Virginiamycin 250 g/t. By the end of the study, the live weight and average daily increments of experimental animals increased by 5.0; 6.0; 10.02 and 5.8; 6.5; 12.2% (p < 0.001), respectively, compared with the control. Biochemical, morphological, immunological blood indices corresponded to physiological norms, the inclusion in the feed of pigs fed different levels of probiotic complex has led to a significant increase lysozyme, bactericidal and phagocytic activity of blood in animals 2nd and 3rd groups during rearing. Additional profit for the period of research was in the experimental groups of fattened young pigs +705,0; +849,0 and 1440.0 rubles/ head, accordingly, in comparison with the control, which indicates the effective use of not only antibiotic-containing drugs in feeding pigs, but also suggests the effective use of probiotics instead of antibiotic-containing feed preparations.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АНТИОКСИДАНТА ДИГИДРОКВЕРЦЕТИНА И ПРЕБИОТИКА АРАБИНОГАЛАКТАНА НА БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КРОВИ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПЕЧЕНИ СВИНЕЙ В ПОСТНАТАЛЬНОМ ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ

The article presents the materials of an experiment conducted in the Kaluga region, Zhukovsky district, farm named after Guryanov, on three groups of pigs, large white breed, 10 animals each, two of which were experimental, and one control. The experimental groups of pigs received feed, balanced on nutrients, the first experimental group also received dihydroquercetin in the amount of 1 mg/kg of live weight per day, the second, experimental group received arabinogalactan 1,0 mg/kg of live weight per day. Feed additives were introduced into the diet of piglets from 15 days of age to slaughter at the age of 194 days. The experiment took place during the period of abnormal heat and smog. As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that the introduction of antioxidant, prebiotic actions into natural feed contributed to an increase in the body's adaptive ability to stress factors, correction of metabolic processes, which as a result ensured a higher realization of the genetic potential of pigs.

Effect of lysine feeding allowance on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs

The purpose of the study was the effect of lysine in the diets on the performance and slaughter indices of pigs during fattening. Young pigs of the experimental group, for the introduction to the diet of lysine, for 100 days of fattening had a greater live weight of 7.7 kg, or 6.4%. Control slaughter of pigs about the same indices of slaughter output of carcasses at the level of 84.0-86% in the experimental with a difference of slaughter weight by 4.3 kg in favor of the experimental group. A lower yield of internal fat and average fat thickness of 13.0% in experimental pigs was found, which confirms a more intense synthesis of muscle tissue. The content of total and bound moisture in muscle tissue was higher by 4.7% and 7.5%, respectively, in the pigs of the experimental group against control, but lower by 2.5% of free moisture. The consequence of these indicators is a lower solid content of 4.5% in the experimental group of pigs.

Вплив пробіотика та фітобіотика на показники Т- і В-клітинного імунітету відлучених поросят за гастроентериту незаразної етіології

In the use of colostral protective factors and insufficient activity of piglets immune system, against the background of immunodeficiency after weaning from sows developing diseases, often caused by conditionally-pathogenic or pathogenic microorganisms, including non-contagious gastroenteritis. The article presents analyzes of T- and B-cell immunity parameters in weaned piglets with non-contagious gastroenteritis and after their treatment with probiotic TOYOCERIN 10⁹ and phytobiotic EXTRACT™ 6930 as part of the basic diet in combination with antibiotic (10 % solution of enrofloxacin hydrochloride) in the modern pig farm. It was established that in piglets after weaning with non-contagious gastroenteritis decreased of T- and B-cell immunity parameters. In particular, in blood decreased number of total and active T-lymphocytes, T-helpers and T-suppressors also decreased number of B-lymphocytes, which may indicate the development in these immunodeficient condition. It was established positive effect of probiotic and phytobiotic in combination with antibiotic on T-cell immunity of pigs, as indicated by the increased number of total T-lymphocytes in blood to the clinical healthy animals level. A similar tendency was observed in the number of T-helper cells, their number was higher in groups of weaned piglets which added probiotic TOYOCERIN 10⁹ and phytobiotic EXTRACT™ 6930. As to the immunoregulatory index, which is a quantitative ratio of T-helper to T-suppressor, there was no significant alteration of values in control and experimental groups of pigs. It was established positive effect of probiotic and phytobiotic in humoral immunity of piglets by increasing number of B-lymphocytes to the level of clinical healthy animals which indicate increased body ability to the active synthesis of protective antibodies. The use of probiotic TOYOCERIN 10⁹ and phytobiotic EXTRACT™ 6930 for weaned piglets with non-contagious gastroenteritis normalized number of T- and B-lymphocytes, which are the leading immunocompetent blood cells that characterize the level of animal body defense and condition of specific immunity. Perspectives for further research will be directed at determining the therapeutic effectiveness of probiotic TOYOCERIN 10⁹ and phytobiotic EXTRACT™ 6930 for weaned piglets with non-contagious gastroenteritis.

Impact of feeding with protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» on the structure of gastrointestinal tract of young pigs

The research was conducted on two groups–analogues of young pigs of large white breed with 10 pigs each. Weaned piglets at the age of 28 days were fed with the protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» – starter in the amount of 25% of grain feed (33 days), while young pigs in growing were given the protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» – grower in the amount of 15% (50 days) and those in fattening the protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» – finisher in the amount of 10% (62 days). The control group received protein–vitamin mineral supplement. At the end of growing with the live weight of 100 – 110 kg a control slaughter was carried out and samples of stomach, small and large intestines for laboratory tests were picked out. Studies have shown that feeding of young pigs with the protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» increases the average daily gains by 95 g or 15.68%, while their level is 701 g in the experimental group of animals and 606 g in the control one. The protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» incredibly affected the morphological parameters of the stomach in the experimental group of pigs. However, the thickening of the walls by 4.3%, 5% and 10.9% respectively is observed in cardiac, fundic and pyloric areas of the experimental group, compared to the control one. The thickening of the walls in stomach areas under the influence of feed factor is associated with increasing of the mucosa thickness. Mucosa increased by 0.1 mm in the cardiac area, 0.36 mm in fundic and 0.53 mm in the pyloric one. The change in the structure of the investigated jejunum is observed while consuming the protein–vitamin mineral supplement «Minaktyvit» in the diet. The wall thickness increased by 17.57% (P < 0.05), including the thickening of mucosa by 16.7% and that of serous–muscular shell by 18.8%. No significant difference in the structure of the colon in the experimental group of animals was determined.

Ochratoxin A in traditional dry-cured meat products produced from sub-chronic-exposed pigs

The presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) was determined in traditional dry-cured meat products made from sub-chronically OTA-exposed pigs. The experimental group of pigs (n = 5) was treated with 300 µg OTA kg–1 of feed during 30 days, whereas the control group (n = 5) remained untreated. After the household production of six types of dry-cured meat products based on traditional recipes, OTA residues were determined in final products produced from each treated and untreated animal using an immunoenzymatic technique (ELISA) and HPLC with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). The analytical methods showed acceptable analytical performance results and high correlation coefficients. Mean OTA concentrations ranged from 4.51 ± 0.11 µg kg–1 in smoked ham to 6.87 ± 2.01 µg kg–1 in home-made Slavonian sausage. The study demonstrated that pig exposure to OTA leads to the accumulation of OTA residues in muscle and adipose tissue used for the production, and consequently results in contamination of the final meat products.

The influence of GnRH, oxytocin and vasoactive intestinal peptide on the secretion of β-endorphin and production of cAMP and cGMP by porcine pituitary cells in vitro

The objective of this study was to determine whether gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), oxytocin (OT) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) modulate β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (β-END-LI) secretion by dispersed anterior pituitary cells of pigs and in vivo priming with steroid hormones, estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P 4), influences the cell reactivity to peptide hormones tested. Additionally, the aim of this research was to examine the involvement of cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) in transduction of signals induced by GnRH, OT and VIP in porcine pituitary cells. Pituitaries were collected from ovariectomized (OVX) gilts that were divided into four experimental groups. Animals of group 1 (OVX) received 1 ml corn oil (placebo)/100 kg body weight (b.w.), group 2 (OVX+EB I) and group 3 (OVX+EB II) were treated with EB at the dose 2.5 mg/100 kg b.w., 30–36 and 60–66 h before slaughter, respectively. Animals of group 4 (OVX+P 4) were injected with P 4 at the dose 120 mg/100 kg b.w. for 5 subsequent days before slaughter. Anterior pituitaries were dispersed with trypsin and then pituitary cells were cultured (10 6 per well) in McCoy’s 5A medium containing horse serum (10%) and fetal calf serum (2.5%) for 3 days at 37 °C under an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO 2. Subsequently, plates were rinsed with fresh McCoy’s 5A medium and pituitary cells were treated with one of the following agents: GnRH (100 ng/ml), OT (10 −6 M) or VIP (10 −7 M) and incubated for 3.5 h at 37 °C. GnRH did not affect β-END-LI secretion by pituitary cells of OVX (group 1) and OVX+P 4 (group 4) gilts. When the pituitary cells were incubated in the presence of OT and VIP, significant increases were observed. After priming of OVX gilts with EB, 30–36 h before slaughter (group 2), we noted a significant increase in β-END-LI release from pituitary cells only in the presence of VIP. Pituitary cells from gilts treated with EB, 60–66 h before slaughter (group 3), produced markedly elevated amounts of β-END-LI after GnRH, OT or VIP addition. GnRH markedly stimulated cGMP release from cultured pituitary cells in all experimental groups and significantly increased cAMP production by the cells from OVX, OVX+EB II and OVX+P 4 animals. The addition of OT enhanced both cAMP and cGMP output in all experimental groups of pigs. VIP stimulated cAMP release from pituitary cells derived from OVX, OVX+EB I and OVX+EB II animals. cGMP output was markedly elevated under the influence of VIP from pituitary cells of OVX, OVX+EB II and OVX+P 4 gilts. In conclusion, our results suggest that GnRH, OT and VIP can modulate β-endorphin release from porcine pituitary cells and imply the involvement of cAMP and cGMP in transduction of signals induced by studied peptides in the cells.

Iodine concentrations in porcine blood, urine, and tissues after a single dose of iodised oil

Experimental groups of pigs were treated orally with 120 mg (Group O 120), or 480 mg (Group O 480) of iodine per animal, or intramuscularly with 240 mg (Group I 240) of iodine per animal. Iodine was administered in the form of iodised fatty acid esters (IFAE). The treatment resulted in significantly increased iodine concentrations in tissues and a single dose was sufficient to meet the requirement for the whole fattening period (180 days). Urinary iodine concentrations in all the experimental groups were higher than in the control group C receiving iodine only from conventional feed. Urinary excretion of iodine between days 2 and 5 was more distinctive in orally treated than in intramuscularly treated animals (Figure 1). Iodine concentrations at the end of the fattening period (day 180) were higher in the treated than in the control groups. The treatment effect was more marked in Groups O 480 and I 240 than in Group O 120. The dynamics of blood serum iodine concentrations was similar to urinary concentrations (Figure 2). Mean thyroid gland weights in the groups O 120, O 480, I 240, and C were 9.19, 8.51, 7.10, and 12.01 g, respectively. An opposite tendency was observed for iodine concentrations in thyroid gland dry matter (Figure 3). No effects of any of the treatments on total protein, albumin, total lipids, or cholesterol concentrations in blood serum were observed. Group C showed lower tissue iodine concentrations than any of the experimental groups. The only exception was hepatic tissue in which approximately the same iodine concentrations were found in all the groups. Data obtained in Groups O 120, O 480, and I 240 indicate that decisive for tissue concentrations was rather the dose of iodine than the route of administration. Iodine is stored above all in the thyroid gland and adipose tissue. As can be seen in Figure 4, its concentration was higher in muscles with a higher proportion of fat (neck) than in lean muscles (ham).