Experimental Gastric Ulcers In Rats Research Articles

Antiulcerogenic and Antibacterial Effects of Chitosan Derivatives on Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats.

Gastric ulcer is an injury that develops on the lining of the stomach due to an imbalance between aggressive and defensive agents. Chitosan derivatives demonstrate promising biological activities in accelerating the healing activity of gastric lesions. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the healing activity of gastric lesion, induced by acetic acid (80%), of the chitosan derivative with acetylacetone (Cac) modified with ethylenediamine (Cacen) or diethylenetriamine (Cacdien). The biological activity was determined based on cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, and gastroprotective activities. The results showed no significant difference in the cytotoxicity, a better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, and a positive result on the healing of gastric lesions of the materials (Cac 18.4%, Cacen 55.2%, and Cacdien 68.1%) compared to pure chitosan (50.7%). Therefore, the results indicate that derivatives of chitosan are promising biomaterials for application in the control of lesions on the gastric mucosa.

Gastroprotective Effects of Paeonia Extract Mixture HT074 against Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats.

Background Paeonia extract mixture HT074 is a standardized multiherbal mixture comprising extracts from Inula britannica flowers and Paeonia lactiflora roots, which are used to treat digestive disorders in traditional Korean medicine. This study was focused on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the gastroprotective effects of HT074 in different gastric ulcer models. Methods Gastric lesions were induced in rats by an HCl/EtOH solution, water immersion-restraint stress (WIRS), and indomethacin. Gastric secretions were studied in pylorus-ligated rats, while mucus secretions were assessed by measuring alcian blue-binding capacity of mucus in the rat model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer. Additionally, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl compounds in HT074-mediated mucosal protection was elucidated using their inhibitors, i.e., N G-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), respectively. Furthermore, the effects on indomethacin-induced cell death and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were assessed in AGS cells. Results Oral administration of HT074 significantly decreased gastric lesions induced by HCl/EtOH, WIRS, and indomethacin. Furthermore, it significantly decreased the volume, acidity, and total acidity of gastric juice in pylorus-ligated rats and increased the alcian blue-stained gastric mucus in HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Pretreatment with NEM abolished the gastroprotective effects of HT074, while L-NAME did not. In AGS cells, HT074 significantly reduced indomethacin-induced cell death and increased the PGE2 levels. Conclusions These findings suggest that HT074 has gastroprotective effects against various ulcerogens, including HCl/EtOH, immersion stress, and NSAIDs. These effects are attributed to the inhibition of gastric secretions and preservation of the gastric mucosal barrier by increased mucus production, which is partially mediated through endogenous sulfhydryl compounds and PGE2. Based on these findings, we propose that HT074 may be a promising therapeutic agent for gastritis and gastric ulcer.

Gastro Protective effect of Standardized Ethanolic leaf extract of Indigofera tinctoriao on experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Objective:The anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Indigofera tinctoria (Fabaceae) leaf (EEIT) was investigated in Indomethacin and ethanol induced ulcer models in wistar rats. Methods: The preliminary Phytochemical evaluation was carried out by standard methods. Indomethacin and ethanol induced ulcer models the common parameter determined was ulcer index. Animals are divided in to four groups. First groups serves as control, second group treated with standard drug third and fourth group treated with EEIT at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by Indomethocin induced ulcer and Ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Results: Phytochemical evaluation shows that alkaloids and flavonoids are present in extract.The extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) showed significant (P<0.01) reduction in gastric volume, free acidity and ulcer index as compared to control. This present study indicates that Indigofera tinctoria extract have potential anti ulcer activity in the both models.Cellular level changes was reveled with histopathological studies. Conclusion:These results may further suggest that ethanolic extract was found to possess antiulcerogenic as well as ulcer healing properties, which might be due to its antisecretory activity.

Potential Oral Protective Effects of SNEDDS of Diclofenac Sodium on Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats

The Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) have gained considerable interest over the past decade for their use in various applications. They have been shown to increase bioavailability and decrease side effects of highly toxic drugs. Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) such as Diclofenac Sodium (DFS) lead to major side effect gastric toxicity. The aim of this study was to formulate, characterize and evaluate DFS entrapped SNEDDS. SNEDDS were prepared by emulsion diffusion evaporation technique. DFS formulated SNEDDS showed the least size of 101 ± 3.5 nm, zeta potential of -18.5 ± 1.6 mv and entrapment efficiency of 90.6 ± 2.1 in FESIF respectively. The initial drug release was rapid in FASIF followed by phosphate buffer and the total drug release was high i.e; 74.18% in FASIF followed by phosphate buffer i.e; 70.14%. The drug released for 3-4 hrs approximately in all the media for 50% of release to occur except in SGF and FASGF in which the total percent release itself was 50% till 30 h. A significant reduction in toxicity of DFS was observed for SNEDDS in gastric mucosa when compared to free DFS with a 10 fold decrease in ulcer index of DFS in acute study and a 6.5 fold decrease in ulcer index of DFS in chronic study.

Effect of benidipine on experimental gastric ulcers in rats

Peptic ulcer has been reported to increase acid secretion and lead to oxidative stress. Benidipine is an antihypertensive drug with antioxidant properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of benidipine on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Four groups were designed in this study. Gastric ulcer was occurred with indomethacin in the first three groups. These groups were treated with famotidine, benidipine and distilled water respectively 5 minutes before indomethacin administration. The fourth group rats didnA‚’t have gastric ulcer and they received only distilled water. Six hours after drug administration gastric tissue was extracted and macroscopic and biochemical examinations were performed. Damaged areas in the stomach of benidipine and famotidine receiving animal groups were smaller than the indomethacin received animals. Indomethacin elevated the levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase in the stomach tissue (p

Gastroprotective effects of hydroethanolic root extract of Arrabidaea brachypoda: Evidences of cytoprotection and isolation of unusual glycosylated polyphenols

The hydroethanolic root extract of Arrabidaea brachypoda, from Bignoniaceae family, a Brazilian medicinal plant, demonstrated significant in vivo gastroprotective effects using different in vivo assays. The activity was evaluated in several models of experimental gastric ulcer in rats (absolute ethanol, glutathione depletion, nitric oxide depletion, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pylorus ligation and acetic acid). Using 300 mg/kg (p.o.) the extract significantly reduced gastric injury in all models. In depth phytochemical investigation of this extract led to the isolation of two previously undescribed phenylethanoid glycosides derivatives and seven unusual glycosylated dimeric flavonoids. The structures were elucidated using UV, NMR and HRMS analysis. Absolute configuration of the dimeric flavonoids was performed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy.

The Effects of Methanolic Extract of Melissa officinalis on Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats.

BackgroundMelissa officinalis (MO) has potent antioxidant activity. Recent research has demonstrated the anti-ulcer properties of some medicinal plants through their antioxidant properties.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of methanolic extracts of MO on experimental gastric ulcers in rats.Materials and MethodsMale Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) were starved for 24 hours prior to the induction of gastric ulceration by either indomethacin (48 mg/kg/oral) or water immersion restraint (WIR) stress. Experimental rats received either ranitidine (25 mg/kg) or MO extract (150, 300 and 450mg/kg) orally 2 hours prior to WIR stress or indomethacin treatment, for the evaluation of their gastroprotective effects. The control group received the same volume of saline. Gastric lesions were scored according to the surface of lesions on the ulcer index. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were determined as measures of antioxidant defense, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined to measure tissue oxidation.ResultsMO extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly decreased the ulcer index in both the indomethacin (1.3 ± 0.09 and 1.5 ± 0.19, respectively) and WIR stress groups (1.5 ± 0.17 and 1.5 ± 0.22, respectively), as compared to the control rats (2.5 ± 0.28) (P < 0.01). MO extract (450 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulcer index readings in WIR stress rats (1.8 ± 0.31 vs. 2.4 ± 0.15 in the WIR group), however, MO extract at a dose of 450 mg/kg did not prevent indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration (2.4 ± 0.26). There was no significant difference in the ulcer index for MO extract- (150 and 300 mg/kg) and ranitidine-treated rats (P > 0.05). Also, MO extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly reduced MDA serum levels (0.69 ± 0.6 µmol/L and 0.85 ± 0.24 µmol/L, respectively, vs. 4.5 ± 1.9 µmol/L in the saline group) and significantly increased antioxidants’ SOD activities (296.3 ± 146.4 U/mL and 561.4 ± 120 U/mL, respectively, vs. 190.2 ± 63.8U/mL in the control group) and GPX levels (8273 ± 3049 U/mL and 14574 ± 5012 U/mL, respectively), compared to the control (3236 ± 1699 U/mL).ConclusionsOur results showed that MO extract may have a gastroprotective effect against experimental gastric ulcers in rats. The exact mechanism has not yet been determined, but it may be due to enhancing enzymatic antioxidant defenses and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Protective effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) extract against experimental gastric ulcer in rats

Trigonella foenum graecum, (Fenugreek) is used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antidiabetic properties. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of fenugreek seed extract on experimentally induced gastric mucosal ulcer in rats. In this study, 24 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Control group underwent gastric ulcer (by ligating the pylorus). Treatment group was given fenugreek seeds extract via oral gavage for 1 week before inducing gastric ulcer. Groups sham I and II were given normal saline and extract orally, respectively, without inducing gastric ulcer. After the experiment, the glandular stomach was removed and the tissues were processed for macroscopic and histopathologic examination. The results of present study showed that administration of fenugreek seeds extract significantly decreased erosion and ulcer in the treatment group compared to the control group. Significant increases in the number of inflammatory cells were observed in the control group while no noticeable lesions were visible in the gastric mucosa of treatment group. Normal gastric mucosa was observed in the groups sham I and II. According to the results of the current study, fenugreek seeds extract oral usage can protect the gastric mucosa from injury.

Gastroprotective effect of standardized leaf extract from Careya arborea on experimental gastric ulcers in rats

Context: The leaf of Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecthidaceae) has been advocated in Ayurveda for the treatment of various disorders, including ulcers, healing of wounds and several skin diseases.Objective: The 70% ethanol (EtOH) extract of C. arborea leaves (CALE) was investigated for its gastroprotective effect in different gastric ulcer models.Materials and methods: CALE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, twice daily for 5 d, for preventing aspirin (ASP)-, EtOH-, pylorus ligation (PL)-, and cold restraint stress (CRS)-induced ulcer in rats. The status of the antioxidant enzymes in CRS-induced ulcers, H+K+ATPase activity, gastric wall mucous in EtOH-induced ulcer, and gastric secretion parameters were estimated in the PL-induced ulcer model.Results: CALE exhibited significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer index in ASP 12.90–51.61%, EtOH 11.97–40.35%, PL 28.63–63.92%, and CRS 38.30–66.37%, respectively. A significant (p < 0.001) decrease occurred in the level of H+K+ATPase, volume of gastric juice, and acid output. Simultaneously, the level of gastric wall mucus was increased significantly (p < 0.05). The antioxidant enzyme levels of LPO and SOD were decreased with concomitant increase in catalase activity in CRS-induced ulcers. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) showed the presence of quercetin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid (0.31%, 0.24%, and 0.71% w/w, respectively) in CALE.Conclusions: Our results show that C. arborea possesses significant gastro-protective activity, probably due to its free radical scavenging activity, and validate the folklore claim.

Protective Effect of Flos Lonicerae against Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Action.

Flos Lonicerae is one of the oldest and most commonly prescribed herbs in Eastern traditional medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Flos Lonicerae (GC-7101) on experimental gastric ulcer models and its mechanisms of action in gastric ulcer healing. The pharmacological activity of GC-7101 was investigated in rats on HCl/EtOH, indomethacin, water immersion restraint stress induced acute gastric ulcer, and acetic-acid-induced subchronic gastric ulcer. To determine its gastroprotective mechanisms, gastric wall mucus secretion, mucosal PGE2, mucosal NO content, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation and glutathione content, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were measured. GC-7101 significantly attenuated development of acute gastric ulcer and accelerated the healing of acetic-acid-induced subchronic gastric ulcer. In HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer, GC-7101 markedly enhanced gastric wall mucus content which was accompanied by increased mucosal PGE2 and NO production. Furthermore, treatment of GC-7101 exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as evidenced by decreased myeloperoxidase activity, NF-κB translocation, inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression, and lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione content and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. These results demonstrated that GC-7101 possesses strong antiulcerogenic effect by modulating oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators.

Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Amukkara choornam on experimental gastric ulcer in rats

Amukkara choornam ethanolic extract (ACE) was investigated for phytochemical screening, content of total phenolics and flavonoids, in vitro radical scavenging activity (RSA), quantification of various antiulcer marker compounds (i.e., eugenol, piperine, trans-caryophyllene, and withaferine A) by a validated HPTLC method, and evaluated for its in vivo gastroprotective ability against ethanol (EtOH)-induced and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced ulcer models in rats. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenols, bitter principles, and steroids. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 61.12 ± 0.72 mg GAE/g of ACE and 24.06 ± 1.07 mg RE/g of ACE, respectively; this was found to be very high in plant extracts showing very good antioxidant and antiulcerogenic effect. RSA of ACE appeared significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of ascorbic acid (AA), but higher than that of ranitidine (RAN). In vivo the pretreatment of rats with RAN (100 mg/kg) and 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg doses of ACE significantly reduced the ulcer index in a dose-dependant manner in both the models by blocking lipid peroxidation and by significant increases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. But rats treated with AA (200 mg/kg) did not have any effect on the ulcer induced by EtOH or PL as it has very good in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. HPTLC analysis showed the presence of 0.198 ± 0.01 μg/g, 0.754 ± 0.06 mg/g, 3.50 ± 0.04, and 0.854 ± 0.04 μg/g of eugenol, piperine, trans-caryophyllene, and withaferine A per gram of Amukkara choornam (AC). So the antiulcerogenic activity of ACE might be due to a possible synergistic antioxidant, supported by the holistic approach of polyherbal formulations, i.e., systematism, multi-target and multi-channel owing to their complex chemical constituents and antihistaminic-like effects.

The inhibition of gastric mucosal injury by &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Chinnodbhavadi kwath&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (decoction) - an Indian Ayurvedic formulation in rats

Objective: As per ancient Indian text, one of the Triphala formulations called as Chinnodbhavadi kwath (decoction) is used for chronic hyperacidity and gastric problems. Triphala formulation is categorized as an Ayurvedic rejuvenator. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the potential role of Chinnodbhavadi kwath in modulating the extent and severity of experimental gastric ulcer in rats to substantiate its traditional claim. Methods: Gastric ulcers were induced by aspirin (200 mg/kg, orally for three days) plus pyloric ligation in rats. The test drug was studied for its effect on ulcer index, secretory parameters, mucin activity in gastric juice and nucleic acid content in stomach homogenate of rats. Results: Chinnodbhavadi kwath (8.7 ml/kg) showed significant anti-ulcer activity. This activity depends mainly on significant decrease in intensity of gastric ulcers, inhibition of acid secretion and strengthening the mucosal defense system by increasing mucin secretion. The increase in nucleic acid content of gastric wall mucosa in drug treated groups indicate decreased cell shedding and increased life span of cells. Conclusion: Based on the data generated it is suggested that Chinnodbhavadi kwath provides significant protection in experimental gastric ulcer in rats. Conclusion: Based on the data generated it is suggested that Chinnodbhavadi kwath provides significant protection in experimental gastric ulcer in rats.

Evaluation of the anti-ulcerogenic activity of the antidepressants duloxetine, amitriptyline, fluoxetine and mirtazapine in different models of experimental gastric ulcer in rats

The effects of acute systemic administration of duloxetine, amitriptyline, mirtazapine and fluoxetine were compared in experimental models of gastric ulcer in rats. Compared with the vehicle control group, duloxetine (5, 10 and 20mg/kg, i.p.), amitriptyline (10 and 20mg/kg, i.p.), mirtazapine (10 and 20mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine (5 and 10mg/kg, i.p.) significantly protected against water-immersion plus restraint stress-induced gastric lesions, as evidenced by dose-dependent decrease in ulcer index and score for intraluminal bleeding. Duloxetine (20mg/kg, i.p.), amitriptyline (10 and 20mg/kg, i.p.), fluoxetine (10 and 20mg/kg, i.p.) and mirtazapine (5, 10 and 20mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased indomethacin (30mg/kg, i.p.)-induced gastric lesions and intraluminal bleeding. In reserpine (25mg/kg, i.p.)-induced gastric ulcer experiment, duloxetine (5, 10 and 20mg/kg, i.p.), amitriptyline (5, 10 and 20mg/kg, i.p.), fluoxetine (10mg/kg, i.p.) and mirtazapine (5mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated gastric lesions and intraluminal bleeding. These results (a) highlighted the relationship in correlating antiulcer effect of drugs from different antidepressant classes across various animal gastric ulcer models and (b) suggested that antidepressants that differently affected both norepinephrine and serotonin levels (such as duloxetine, amitriptyline and mirtazapine) had more potent and efficacious antiulcer effect in various gastric ulcer animal models than drugs that only affected serotonin level (such as fluoxetine).

Gastroprotective effect of leaf extracts of Basella alba var. alba against experimental gastric ulcers in rats

The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the leaves of Basella alba L. var. alba Wight, Basellaceae, were investigated for antiulcer activity on rats employing the pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models. The various gastric secretion parameters such as total acidity, free acidity, gastric acid volume, pH and histopathological parameters such as ulcer index and percent protection were comparatively examined between control, test and standard groups. The antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of B. alba (AEBA) and ethanol extract of B. alba (EEBA) were studied in rats treated with the doses of 1 mL/kg of absolute ethanol, 200 and 400 mg of test extracts and 20 mg/kg of famotidine for control, test and standard groups respectively in both the models. The animals pretreated with AEBA and EEBA showed a dose-dependent protection against gross damaging action of ethanol and pylorus ligation on gastric mucosa of animals. Histopathological evaluation also revealed that Group I treated with absolute ethanol showed severe gastric mucosal damage. The AEBA and EEBA showed 68.25 and 58.11% protection in gastric mucosal damage as compared to control group. Both the extracts of B. alba var. alba were able to decrease the gastric acidity and increase the mucosal defense in the gastric mucosal area. This study indicate that B. alba var. alba possesses significant gastroprotective effect and the same is substantiated by the histopathological examination of the ulcerated stomachs of the animals.

Antioxidant Action of Mangrove Polyphenols against Gastric Damage Induced by Absolute Ethanol and Ischemia-Reperfusion in the Rat

Rhizophora mangle, the red mangrove, has long been known as a traditional medicine. Its bark has been used as astringent, antiseptic, hemostatic, with antifungic and antiulcerogenic properties. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of a buthanolic fraction of the R. mangle bark extract (RM) against experimental gastric ulcer in rats. Unib-Wh rats received pretreatment of R. mangle after the induction of gastric injury with absolute ethanol and ischemia-reperfusion. Gastric tissues from both methods were prepared to the enzymatic assays, the levels of sulfhydril compounds (GSH), lipid peroxides (LPO), and the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. The RM protected the gastric mucosa in both methods used, ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and ischemia-reperfusion, probably, by modulating the activities of the enzymes SOD, GPx, and GR and increasing or maintaining the levels of GSH; in adittion, LPO levels were reduced. The results suggest that the RM antioxidant activity leads to tissue protection; thus one of the antiulcer mechanisms present on the pharmacological effects of R. mangle is the antioxidant property.

Gastroprotective effect of standardized leaf extract from Argyreia speciosa on experimental gastric ulcers in rats

Argyreia speciosa (L.f), Sweet (Family Convolvulaceae) is used traditionally in Indian System of Medicine as aphrodisiac, rejuvenating agent, intellect promoting agent, brain tonic and in the therapy of hepatomegaly, diabetes and chronic ulcer. To study the gastroprotective effect of standardized butanol fraction of Argyreia speciosa leaf (ASE). The butanol fraction of Argyreia speciosa leaf (ASE; 50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention from Aspirin (ASP)-, ethanol (EtOH)-, cold-restraint stress (CRS) - and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced ulcers. Estimation of antioxidant enzymes activity was carried out in CRS-induced ulcer model, and various gastric secretion parameters like volume of gastric juice, acid output, and pH value were estimated in PL-induced ulcer model. ASE showed dose-dependent ulcer protective effect in ASP 23.64-58.76% (p<0.01 to p<0.001), EtOH 15.45-58.45% (p<0.001), CRS 19.39-78.36% (p<0.001) and PL 19.67-69.04% (p<0.05 to p<0.01), respectively. The percentage of protection by standard drug ranitidine was 77.77-84.32% (p<0.01 to p<0.001) in various gastric ulcer models. The gastric wall mucus was significantly (p<0.001) enhanced by ASE and is regarded as the first line of defence against EtOH-induced gastric ulcers showing cytoprotective property. ASE showed a marginal decrease in volume, acid pepsin concentration and acid pepsin output. However, ASE reduced the ulcer index with significant decrease in LPO level (p<0.001), and SOD level (p<0.01 to p<0.001) as compared with CRS-induced group. A gradual and significant increase in CAT values were observed at 100 and 200mg/kg dose levels (p<0.01 to p<0.001). The results of our study revealed that Argyreia speciosa possess significant dose dependent gastroprotective activity, probably due to its free radical scavenging activity.

Prevention of experimental gastric ulcer in rats by a substance which increases biosynthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides.

Prevention of experimental gastric ulcer in rats by a substance which increases biosynthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides.

Comparison of gastroprotective effects of triphala formulations on stress-induced ulcer in rats

Triphala is categorized as rejuvenator and traditionally been used in various gastric disorders including intestinal inflammation. The aim of present study was to examine the comparative gastroprotective effects of Triphala formulations against experimental gastric ulcer in rats to substantiate its traditional claim. Gastric ulcer was induced by water immersion plus stress-induced ulcers in rats. The drug effects were assessed by studying macroscopic gross injury and stomach tissue biochemical parameters. Triphala unequal formulation and Chinnodbhavadi kwath showed significant antiulcer activity and this is evident from reduction of ulcer index, lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical levels and concomitantly raised levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Though similar kind of activity was observed in Triphala equal formulation the magnitude was much less. Further, Chinnodbhavadi kwath significantly increased the glutathione and ATPase level but Triphala equal formulation significantly increased glutathione level only. Based on the data generated, it is suggested that among the three formulations studied, Chinnodbhavadi kwath and Triphala unequal formulations provides significant protection in gastric ulcer as compared to Triphala equal formulation.

Changes of TFF2 and TFF3 expression in sublingual gland during healing of experimental gastric ulcer in rats

Objective To investigate the changes of TFF2and TFF3expression in sublingual gland during spontaneous healing of experimental gastric ulcer in rats.Methods A total of 48male SD rats were divided into gastric ulcer group(n=42,ulcers were induced by injection of acetic acid to the submucosal of paries anterior gastricus)and normal group(n=6).Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods were used to examine the expression of TFF2and TFF3in the sublingual gland in gastric ulcer group and normal group.Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that positive signals of TFF2and TFF3were mainly located in the striated duct, intercalated duct,myoepithelial cells,and some lumens.Compared with the control group,the integrated optical density(IOD)value of TFF2was obviously increased on day 1after gastric ulcer(P0.01),and reached the bottom on day 2,then gradually increased again on day 4,6(P0.01),and kept at a high level during day 10-23(P0.05).The IOD value of TFF3was similar to that of the normal group on day 1,2after gastric ulcer,then gradually increased on day 4,6(P0.05),reached the peak on day 10after gastric ulcer(P0.01),and kept at a high level till day 23after gastric ulcer(P0.05).The results of RT-PCR showed that the changes of TFF2 mRNA and TFF3 mRNA were basically consistent with the change of their corresponding peptides.Conclusion TFF2and TFF3expression is increased in the sublingual gland during the spontaneous healing of experimental gastric ulcer in rats,and they may participate in the healing process.

Effect of the chloroform extract of Tanacetum vulgare and one of its active principles, parthenolide, on experimental gastric ulcer in rats.

This study examines the anti-ulcerogenic activity of a chloroform extract of Tanacetum vulgare and purified parthenolide, the major sesquiterpene lactone found in the extract. Gastric ulcers induced by oral administration of absolute ethanol to rats were reduced dose-dependently by oral pretreatment of animals with the chloroform extract (2.5-80 mg kg(-1)) or parthenolide (5-40 mg kg(-1)). When administered 30 min before challenge with the alcohol the protection ranged between 34 and 100% for the extract and 27 and 100% for parthenolide. When the products were administered orally 24 h before treatment with ethanol, 40 mg kg(-1) of the extract and of the lactone reduced the mean ulcer index from 4.8+/-0.3 for control animals to 1.4+/-0.2 and 0.5+/-0.1, respectively. The products also prevented alcohol-induced reduction of the number of sulphydryl groups within the gastric mucosa (50.6+/-2.3 microg (mgprotein)(-1) for normal animals compared with 17.7+/-3.0 microg (mg protein)(-1) for alcohol-treated animals). Administration of the extract (80 mg kg(-1)) or parthenolide (40 mg kg(-1)) 24 h before ethanol treatment restored the numbers of mucosal -SH groups to values near those found for normal animals. These results suggest that the products assayed, in particular parthenolide, might find therapeutic application, although further work is required to establish their profit/risk ratio.