Experimental Class Research Articles

Merging meaningful classes and abstract equivalence classes by exclusion.

The current experiment assessed whether relating abstract stimuli with familiar pictures by exclusion would produce the formation of a meaningful equivalence class. Ten participants learned conditional discrimination relations with abstract stimuli and established equivalence classes (ABC classes). They then learned DA (D1A1, D2A2, and D3A3) conditional discriminations with written words as D stimuli; two words (D1 and D2) were meaningful stimuli in the participants verbal community ("Dentist" and "Baker"), whereas the third (D3) was a pseudoword ("Tabilu"). In testing trials, participants evidenced derived relations between pictures related preexperimentally to D1 and D2 with the experimental equivalence classes related to D1 and D2. For some participants, the decontextualized stimuli were a set of boat pictures (Condition 1), whereas for others they were a set of miscellaneous pictures (Condition 2). Participants in both conditions successfully matched decontextualized pictures (unrelated to dentist and baker contexts) to all abstract stimuli in the class related to D3 (exclusion responding). In Condition 1 the meaning reported to the word Tabilu was similar across participants, but in Condition 2 participants showed more variations to answer to the meaning of Tabilu. These results suggest that exclusion learning can occur under different stimulus control topographies.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Sub Materi Daur Biogeokimia Di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan

This research aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experimental research method with a Non Equivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan, Purwakarta Regency. The sampling technique was Purposive Sampling with a sample of class X.9 as the experimental class which took part in learning by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and class The variables of this research include the independent variable, namely the Learning Model (PBL Learning Model vs. Conventional Learning Model) and the dependent variable, namely student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. The data collection technique uses the Test Method. The instrument used is a multiple choice test. Learning outcome data were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-test. Learning Results of experimental class students achieved good characteristics and the control class only achieved adequate characteristics. The mean post-test for the experimental class was 83.1 and the mean post-test for the control class was 74.04. The results of the Independent Sample t-test show the value of tcount = 3.363 > ttable = 1.989. Because tcount > ttable, Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a significant difference in student learning outcomes between classes that take part in learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and classes that take part in conventional learning. And also the Sig value. (2-tailed) < 0.05, namely 0.001. So it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model influences student learning outcomes.

Mind Mapping Technique with Students Team Achievement Division to Increase the Students’ Interest and Vocabulary Achievement to Tenth Grade Students at Smk Aku Cinta Indonesia Metro

The present study is aimed to find out whether there is a significant difference of students’ vocabulary achievement between students who are taught by using mind mapping technique with students team achievement divison and original mind mapping technique, and whether there is an increase in the students' interest of English vocabulary learning through mind mapping technique with students team achievement divison. The subjects of this research were the tenth grade students of SMK Aku Cinta Indonesia Metro. This study is quantitative research. The data were obtained from the pre-test, post-test, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using Independent group t-test and Paired sample t-test in SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science). The results show that the students' vocabulary achievement in experimental class increased from 54.07 to 81.87 and there is a significant difference with the sig. (2 tailed) of 0.00 < 0.05. The result of students' vocabulary achievement in control class also increased from 53.40 to 68.73 and there is a significant difference with the sig. (2 tailed) of 0.01 < 0.05. Meanwhile, the result of the significance value of the experimental class and the control class are 0.00 < α = 0.05. It means that the p value is less than 0.05. This indicates that there is a significant difference in students' vocabulary achievement between the students who were taught using mind mapping technique with students team achievement divison and original mind mapping technique. Furthermore, the results show that students' interest increased from 30.07 to 42.30 with a significance value of 0.00 < α = 0.05. It can be concluded that H1 is accepted which states that there is an increase in students' interest in learning vocabulary using mind mapping technique with students team achievement divison. In conclusion, learning using digital mind mapping technique has a greater influence on students' vocabulary achievement and it is also able to increase students' interest in English vocabulary.

The Effect of Using Guessing Game on Students Vocabulary Achievement at Grade VIII of MTSN 6 Agam

Vocabulary is a component of words with meaning and one of the most essential aspects of learning English. However, pupils are not taught vocabulary specifically in school. This results in a large number of students who lack fundamental vocabulary knowledge, despite the fact that vocabulary is one of the most essential components that students must comprehend in order to learn effectively in class. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of a guessing game has a significant impact on students' vocabulary achievement. This research employed a quantitative method and a quasi-experimental design; the research population was eighth-grade MTsN 6 Agam students. The sample was collected using a technique of purposive sampling. Students from the two classes, experimental class with 30 students and control class with 31 students, were given a pre- and post-test. This research instrument is a vocabulary test with 25 multiple-choice questions. The data were analyzed with SPSS 26. The calculated post-test result for the experimental class revealed a mean score of 89.47. It exceeds the mean score of the control group, which was 62.58. The standard deviation of each class is then calculated. Using Independent sample t-test, the researcher compared post-test experimental class and control class using the t-test formula. The output indicates that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.00 0.05. It indicates that Ha is acceptable. There is a substantial difference between students who are taught using Guessing game and those who are not. The result is also indicated by the fact that the mean post-test score of the experimental group (89.47) is higher than that of the control group (62.28). It indicates that students who are taught with Guessing game are superior to those who are not. Guessing game has a significant impact on the vocabulary attainment of eighth-grade MTsN 6 Agam students.

Increasing Students’ Procedural Writing through Think Pair Share and Silent Demonstration

Writing English is a problem experienced by students. Some students were found to have difficulty applying their ideas into written form. It causes the information to be conveyed not be communicated properly. Similar to writing procedure text which expects the reader to be able to understand the steps contained in the text. Therefore, the writers are required to be able to develop their ideas in order to achieve the goals of the writing. This paper intends to focus on creating a solution for students in writing procedural text by combining the Think Pair Share and Silent Demonstration techniques. Approximately 60 final year students were selected purposively as the research sample. Using a static-group comparison research design, the students were divided into two different classes: control and experimental, were implemented in these techniques, where the control class only applied Think Pair Share, while a combination of the Think Pair Share and Silent Demonstration techniques utilized in the experimental class. Through the Independent Sample T-Test, the findings were that students with the integration of the integration Think Pair Share and Silent Demonstration techniques had higher writing achievements. The students were able to discuss with their classmates and also get a big picture of the procedures involved in doing or operating something. This was because they had seen several ideas in a video that could help them write down the whole procedure.

Development of Teaching Factory Model to Enhance Creativity of Students in the Home Economics Department of the Faculty of Engineering, UNM, Indonesia

The research aims to (1) develop an appropriate 6M teaching factory model for practical learning in the Department of Family Welfare Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar with a concentration in Cosmetology, (2) produce a 6M teaching factory model that is valid, practical, and effective for practical learning in the Department of Family Welfare Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar with a concentration in Cosmetology. This study is an R & D (Research and Development)-based development research. The subjects used were 20 students from the Cosmetology concentration. The development method adapted in this study is derived from the Borg and Gall Model, which includes three main stages, namely: preliminary study covering field surveys, document analysis, and theoretical considerations; the design phase involving the creation of a teaching factory model draft and the improvement of the model; and the experimental phase that includes initial inspection, large-scale testing, and final refinement of the product. The results of this research are the creation of a teaching factory learning model called the TEFA 6M, along with operational tools including the TEFA 6M model book, Syllabus, modules, jobsheet, and LPPO. This model is designed to strengthen the practical abilities of students. The TEFA 6M model is divided into seven phases in one round, starting from pre-order, pre-production, production, post-production, packaging, to order delivery. One TEFA 6M model cycle combines soft skill and hard skill activities. The implementation of this model uses a block and rotating system and is concluded with a competency assessment. The developed TEFA 6M model has been validated by experts, revised, and tested on both small and large scales. Based on the t-test results, it is known that the Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 is smaller than the probability of 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a difference in test results between the experimental class posttest and the control class posttest. Furthermore, for the average score of the experimental group, a score of 78.38 was obtained, and 42.36 in the control group; thus, the 6M Teaching Factory Learning Model can be said to be effective in the experimental class in improving student competencies in the Facial Makeup Techniques course. The research indicates that the TEFA-6M model has met the standard of validity. Based on the evaluations carried out, it is known that this teaching approach is practical, in terms of management abilities by the lecturer, and effective, as seen from the level of student activity, student reactions to the functionality and implementation of the model, and from test results that assess task completion.

Integrating a hybrid mode into kindergarten STEM education: its impact on young children’s critical thinking skills during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Critical thinking is essential for young children and can be enhanced through appropriate and supportive curricula. With the rich affordance of digitalization, this study evaluated the effects of a hybrid STEM curriculum on critical thinking skills in 74 kindergarteners (42 boys and 32 girls) aged 5.83–7.25 years (Mean = 6.44, SD = 0.31) from a Chinese kindergarten during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a quantitative design across two classes, we collaborated with teachers, children, and parents to co-develop a series of STEM activities throughout an academic year. Despite the absence of a pre-test due to pandemic restrictions, no significant age differences or differences in their related assessments prior to participating in this study. Results showed that the experimental class demonstrated significant improvements in interpretation, explanation, inference, and self-regulation skills compared to the control group. These findings suggest the STEM curriculum effectively enhances critical thinking in early childhood education.

Integrating a blended discovery learning model with a bioenial website to empower science process skills and scientific attitude

This study aims to determine; 1) the effect of integrating blended discovery learning with a bioenial website to empower Science Process Skills (SPS) of grade X students on the material of environmental change and preservation and 2) the effect of integrating blended discovery learning with a bioenial website to empower the scientific attitude of grade X students on the material of environmental change. The research method used a quasi experiment with a quantitative approach. The research design used posttest only control group design to measure SPS and pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design to measure scientific attitudes. The population in this study were X grade students of SMA Negeri A Sukoharjon the 2022/2023 academic year. The samples of this study were X2 class as experimental class 1 as many as 36 students, X4 as experimental class 2 as many as 36 students, and X5 as control class as many as 36 students. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. Data collection questionnaire (scientific attitude), observation (SPS, scientific attitude, syntax implementation), and documentation. Data analysis technique used ANOVA hypothesis test for SPS and ANCOVA for scientific attitude. The ANOVA test results showed the effect of integrating blended discovery learning with the bioenial website to empower SPS. The results of further testing with LSD show that Blended Discovery Learning is a treatment that is significantly different among the three class groups. The ANCOVA test results show that there is no effect of integrating blended discovery learning with the bioenial website to empower scientific attitudes

The effect of augmented reality application (ARSINAPS) on learning motivation and outcomes in biology

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the ARSINAPS mobile augmented reality application on learning motivation and outcomes in high school and biology education students. The method used in this study was quasi-experimental with a post-test control group design. The research sample consisted of two experimental classes and two control classes from three schools in the Jakarta, Bekasi, and Tangerang areas, totalling 140 students, and from the college level, consisting of one experimental class and one control class, totalling 68 students. The data obtained were in the form of learning outcomes in the respiratory system and learning motivation scores in biology learning. The average high school-level motivation score in the control class was 85.99, and the overall average for learning outcomes was 77.33 and 63.05. Based on the results of the data calculations, the application effectively improves students’ learning outcomes at the high school and undergraduate levels

Empowering prospective teachers’ scientific and digital literacy through exploring-resuming integrated criticizing (ERIC) in biology classroom

Prospective Science teachers need well-developed science and digital literacy to help the process of thinking, learning, communicating, working together, and working with their creativity. Unfortunately, various studies show that students' abilities regarding these two types of literacy still need to improve, especially in first-year students. This study aims to (1) analyze the potential impact of the ERIC learning model with the lesson study-based TPACK framework on science and digital literacy and (2) analyze the contribution of lesson study implementation during ERIC learning to the professional development of educators. This study used a concurrent mixed method. In-depth analysis through lesson study was conducted during the implementation of the ERIC learning model in a quasi-experimental setting. The collected data was then analyzed using the ANCOVA test to reveal the difference in mean scores between the experimental and control classes. At the same time, the results of learning observations and reflection on the lesson study phase were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the ERIC learning model with the TPACK framework had a significant effect on scientific and digital literacy. In addition, implementing lesson study enables educators to become more aware of students' learning difficulties and needs and, therefore, develop deeper knowledge about learning requirements

Development of Google Sites-Based Social Science Learning Media to Increase Students’ Critical Thinking Ability

This research aims to (1) produce social studies learning media based on google sites to improve critical thinking skills of junior high school students grade VIII (2) determine the feasibility level of social studies learning media based on google sites to improve critical thinking skills of junior high school students grade VIII (3) determine the level of practicality of social studies learning media based on google sites to improve critical thinking skills of junior high school students grade VIII (4) determine the effectiveness of social studies learning media based on google sites to improve critical thinking skills of junior high school students grade VIII. This development research uses the ADDIE development model which stands for the stages of development, namely: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The subjects of this study were SMPN 5 Banjit students totaling 60 divided into 2 groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. In this study, data were obtained using test and non-test techniques. The test technique was used to obtain data on the effectiveness of the product which was carried out using a student critical thinking ability test instrument. While the non-test technique was used to collect data on the validity and practicality of the product which was carried out using product validation sheets, material validation sheets, teacher assessment sheets, and student assessment sheets. The results of this study indicate that the socialexplore website has very high feasibility. The results of material expert validation amounted to 3.79 with a decent category. The results of media validation amounted to 4.44 with a very feasible category. Teacher validation results of 4.40 with a very practical category. The results of user validation amounted to 4.31 with a very practical category. The results also show that the socialexplore website is effective and can help students to improve students' critical thinking skills on the material of the diversity of Indonesian society. The results of the experimental class critical thinking ability test were higher than the control class with an average value of 69.43 and the control class average value of 47.93. The Gain test results of the experimental class at SMPN 5 Banjit amounted to 0.68 with a moderate category.

Pengaruh Metode Snowball Throwing terhadap Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Kelas 5 SD Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP

This research was conducted because there are still students who experience difficulties in achieving good learning achievements in Islamic Religious Education subjects. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of the Snowball Throwing method in the 5th grade at UNP Laboratory Development Elementary School. The type of research is quasi-experimental. There are 36 students in class 5, each with 18 students in class 5A as the control class and 18 students in class 5B in the experimental class. Saturated sampling technique was used in the sampling process. Preliminary and final ability tests were used to collect research data. The results showed that the average score for the experimental class was 87.22. The learning objectives given in the form of a final exam are superior to the control class with a class average of 70.55. We can conclude that the learning outcomes of 5th grade elementary school students are influenced by the Snowball Throwing learning paradigm.

Efektivitas Layanan Bimbingan Klasikal dengan Metode Diskusi untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa

The problem that will be raised in this study is whether there is an effective classical guidance service with the discussion method to increase student motivation at SMA N 3 Pati. Based on the problem formulation, the purpose of this study was to find out how effective the discussion method classical guidance service was to increase student motivation at SMA N 3 Pati. This type of research is experimental. This research method uses a true experimental design with a posttest-only control design technique. The population in this study is class XI MIPA 1, XI MIPA 2, XI MIPA 3, XI MIPA 4, XI MIPA 5, XI MIPA 6, XI MIPA 7, XI MIPA 8, XI MIPA 9, XI IPS 1, XI IPS 2, and XI IPS 3 with a total of 377 students. The sample in this study was selected randomly which was then divided into 2 classes, namely XI MIPA 4 experimental class and XI MIPA 5 control class. The sampling used is cluster random sampling. The results of this research analysis revealed that the independent sample test test obtained post-test data with a value of sig, 0.006 <0.05, which means that there is a difference in the increase in student motivation to learn in the group given treatment or treatment through classical guidance services with the discussion method.

Transforming Science Education Globally Through Electronic Worksheets' Cognitive Impact

This study investigates the impact of using electronic worksheets on students' cognitive learning outcomes in understanding the human digestive system. Conducted at SMPN 3 Porong with Grade VIII students, the research employed a quantitative approach with Quasi Experimental Design and Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The experimental class (VIII F) used electronic worksheets, while the control class (VIII G) did not. Pretests and posttests were administered, showing a significant improvement in cognitive learning outcomes in the experimental class compared to the control. These findings highlight the potential of electronic tools in enhancing student learning experiences in science education, particularly in complex subjects like biology. Highlight: Enhanced learning with electronic worksheets in science education. Quasi-experimental design compares electronic and traditional methods. Technology integration improves student engagement and cognitive outcomes. Keyword: Electronic Worksheets, Cognitive Learning Outcomes, Science Education, Quasi Experimental Design, Student Engagement

Strengthening character of cultural conservation through an android application containing public history for high school students in Indonesia

Introduction. The cultural heritage passed down by our ancestors to the next generation must be preserved. It is necessary to understand the history of the formation and development of the preservation of this cultural heritage to know its importance. Innovative methods are needed to increase the awareness and understanding of the younger generation regarding the history and conservation of cultural heritage. This research aims to analyze the strengthening of the character of cultural conservation when students learn history using an Android application with public history content. The public history content developed contains historical narratives of Semarang, as shown in videos. Information about the content is compiled using historical methods, including discussions about the importance of understanding historical heritage conservation for a society. Study participants and methods. This research involved 25 students in the experimental class and 25 in the control class to test the effectiveness of the Android application on students' cultural conservation characteristics. This research was conducted at SMA 5 Semarang (a High School) in Central Java Province, Indonesia. This school is one of the schools in the province with intense research activities. This study uses a quantitative research approach with quasi-experimental methods. The statistical method used is the Pearson chi-square test to evaluate the relationships between relevant categorical variables. Results. The results showed that high school students in the experimental group had a higher understanding and appreciation of public history and cultural conservation than students in the control group. The calculation results (χ² = 8,72; α < 0,05) conclude a significant relationship between the use of Android applications and interest in cultural preservation activities. So, the Android application is called DiHistory, developed to increase students' access to information on historical objects or buildings. This application was developed by the Research Center from the History Education Laboratory at Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. The application is practical in increasing the interest and motivation of high school students to study public history and strive to participate in preserving the local cultural heritage. Practical significance. This research has practical significance in education and cultural preservation in Indonesia. Through the development of the DiHistory application, which contains public history, this research has been proven to strengthen the character of secondary school students by introducing and increasing their understanding of Indonesia's cultural heritage. This research also shows the impact on strengthening character, student involvement, understanding cultural preservation, and increasing awareness. This research combining these aspects, this research has practical significance, which can positively contribute to education, student character, and cultural preservation in Indonesia.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Group Investigation Melalui Pendekatan Saintifik Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis dan Resiliensi Matematis Siswa

This research aims to examine whether the improvement in students' mathematical reasoning abilities who use the Group Investigation learning model is better than the abilities of students who use the Group Investigation learning model. Apart from that, it also reveals the students' attitudes towards the Group Investigation learning model. The method in this research is experimental and research design using pretest and posttest in experimental and control classes. The population in this study were all students in class X OTKP SMKN 1 Cipanas, Cianjur Regency. Samples were taken at random from class, namely from six classes, two classes totaling 32 students were obtained, where class X OTKP 1 was the experimental class and class X OTKP 2 was the control class. The experimental class uses the Group Investigation learning model, while the control class uses conventional learning. Research data was obtained through instruments in the form of pretest and posttest mathematical reasoning abilities, student attitude scales, and observation sheets. Pretest data was processed through a normality test, homogeneity test, and equality of two means test, while posttest data was processed through a normality test, homogeneity test, and difference of two means test using SPSS 16 software. The results showed that the mathematical reasoning abilities of students who used the Group learning model Investigation is better than the ability of students who use conventional learning. Students show an attitude of confidence, self-confidence, actively involve themselves in discussions and are persistent in the Group Investigation learning model.

PERBANDINGAN METODE DEMONSTRASI DAN METODE DISKUSI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP TRIGONOMETRI PADA SISWA KELAS X SMASWASTA KAMPUS TELUK DALAM

The purpose of this research is to determine the comparison of demonstration methods and discussion methods in increasing understanding of trigonometry concepts in Class X SMA Swasta Teluk Dalam. This research uses a type of quantitative research, namely experimental class 1 using the demonstration method and experimental class 2 using the discussion method. The population in experimental class 1 is class X-A of the SMA Swasta Teluk Dalam, totaling 30 students, while the population in experimental class 2 is class X-B of the SMA Swasta Teluk Dalam the totaling 28 students. Results of the research stated that in experimental class 1 by carrying out the pretest the average learning outcome was 58,28 and the posttest obtained an average learning outcome of 73,41. Meanwhile, in experimental class 2, the pretest obtained an average learning result of 57,85 and the posttest obtained an average learning result of 61,32. So, there is a comparison of the demonstration method with the discussion method. The conclusion of the research based on hypothesis test calculations is that tcount = 2.74 is greater than ttable = 2.004 with a significance of 5% because tcount > ttable then Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, which means the research shows that there is a difference in understanding the concept of trigonometry between students taught using the demonstration method and students who are taught using the discussion method in class X of the SMA Swasta Teluk Dalam. Students taught using the demonstration method tend to have better understanding than students taught using the discussion method. It is hoped that every subject teacher applies the demonstration method to improve students' learning abilities and students' understanding of concepts in Trigonometry material as well as to serve as a guide or reference for every reader or researcher who wants to write their next thesis.

The Influence of the Problem Based Learning Model on Student Interest and Learning Outcomes

This research aims to (1) determine the effect of using the Problem Based Learning model on student learning outcomes in reaction rate material (2) knowing the effect of using models Problem Based Learning on students' learning interest in reaction rate material. The population of this study were all students of class XI MIPA SMAN 14 Medan. The sampling technique was carried out random sampling, namely class XI MIPA 3 as an experimental class with 34 students. The results obtained are the average value of the experimental data class pretest and posttest is 37.50 and 79.85, which means it is higher than the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) value, namely 75. Data from the normality and homogeneity tests obtained normal distribution and homogeneous data. The results of the hypothesis test were carried out using one sample t-test at the significance level α = 0.05, earned value tcount 2.403 > ttable 1.692 with sig. (2 tailed) 0.022 < α = 0.05 so Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Students' interest in learning in the experimental class obtained an average score of 77.02 with high criteria of 47.1% and medium criteria of 52.9%.

PERBEDAAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA DENGAN METODE TEAM QUIZ DAN METODE INDIVIDUAL QUIZ PADA MATERI BARISAN DAN DERET DI KELAS

This research was motivated by the team quiz method and the individual student quiz method being less effective. The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is a difference in students' mathematical problem solving abilities using the Team Quiz and Individual Quiz methods on sequence and series material in Class X of SMK Negeri 1 Lolowa'u. The type of research used is quantitative research. The population in this study was class X with a total of 55 students. The research instrument used was a test of mathematical problem solving abilities using the team quiz method and the individual quiz method. The results of the research stated that in experimental class 1, by carrying out the initial test, the average learning outcome was 52.33 and in experimental class 2, the average learning outcome was 50.01. Meanwhile, in the final test in experimental class 1, the average learning result was 72.94 and in experimental class 2, the average learning result was 71.01. So, there are differences in students' mathematical problem solving abilities using the Team Quiz and Individual Quiz methods. So it can be concluded that applying the Team Quiz and Individual Quiz methods has a great influence on the learning outcomes of class X students at SMK Negeri 1 Lolowa'u. The suggestion put forward by researchers is that teachers should use team quiz and individual quiz methods in learning in order to increase active student participation in learning that takes place in class, as well as serve as a guide or reference for every reader or future researcher, but pay attention to weaknesses in order to obtain appropriate solutions. even better.

Critical review: the effectiveness of student teams-achievement divisions vs numbered heads together cooperative learning in improving students' mathematical critical thinking abilities

Critical review: the effectiveness of student teams-achievement divisions vs numbered heads together cooperative learning in improving students' mathematical critical thinking abilities