Animals Of Experimental Group Research Articles

Interrelation of protein metabolism and autonomic nervous system in laying hens

The study of factors influencing the processes of protein metabolism in the poultry body will help to better balance the diet, which will help to more effectively stimulate the growth of animal productivity. The aim of the work was to investigate the role of the autonomic nervous system in protein metabolism and to take into account the individual characteristics of the poultry organism, characterized by different tone of the autonomic nervous system. The formation of experimental groups of animals was carried out by electrocardiographic examination using the Baevsky method, on the basis of which three experimental groups of animals were formed: normotonics, vagotonics, and sympathotonics. The blood serum was studied using a LabLine-010 spectrophotometer (Austria) and test systems from Laboratory Granum LLC, Kharkiv. Kharkiv. According to the results of the biochemical study, it was found that the content of total protein, which was compared with the experimental group of normotonics (46.10±1.35 g/l) with a balanced sympathovagal balance, was 14.8 % lower than that of the experimental group of sympathotonics (54.10±2.60 g/l) (P<0.01) and 18.1 % lower than that of the experimental group of vagotonics (56.30±1.90 g/l) (P<0.01). The albumin content, which was compared with the experimental group of normotonics (4.56±0.55 g/l) with a balanced sympathovagal balance, was 40.55 % lower than that of the experimental group of sympathotonics (6.96±0.49 g/l) (P<0.001) and 1.5 times lower than that of the experimental group of vagotonics (7.67±0.38 g/l) (P<0.01). The creatinine content compared to the normotonic group (47.12±0.77) with a balanced sympathovagal balance was lower than that of the experimental group by 6.77 % compared to the experimental group of vagotonic poultry (7.67±0.38 g/l) (P<0.001). Taking into account the individual characteristics of the poultry organism and establishing the tone of the autonomic nervous system, it was determined that the autonomic nervous system has an effect on protein metabolism in poultry. The prospect of further research is to study the use of nanoaquahelate preparations to improve productivity and metabolic processes, taking into account the tone of the autonomic nervous system.

Complex therapy of mineral metabolism in service dogs

The high physical and functional load of service dogs causes changes not only in body systems, but also in metabolism as a whole. An integrated approach to the study of this problem and the search for a pharmacotherapeutic solution will allow us to correct biochemical changes in the body of dogs and improve the performance and quality of life of animals. The purpose of the study was to study the therapeutic effectiveness of a complex of metabolic stimulants for the correction of mineral metabolism. For the study, 16 service dogs were selected in the area of application of the general search profile, belonging to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Altai Territory. Blood was drawn at the beginning and end of the study to analyze red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, and chloride. According to the results of the study, it was established that a violation of homeostasis in service dogs was accompanied by changes in some indicators of red blood, as well as pathology of mineral metabolism. After a course of pharmacotherapy, an increase in red blood cells (up to 7.9±0.22*×1012 cells/l) and hemoglobin (up to 141.66±7.32 g/l) was observed in dogs. Carbohydrate metabolism in both groups was characterized by hypoglycemia (3.34±0.21–3.43±0.28 mmol/l). By the end of the study, the glucose level in the experimental group significantly increased by 31.4% relative to the animals in the control group. By the end of the study, cholesterol levels in dogs in the experimental group decreased more rapidly compared to the control group. The study of the dynamics of mineral metabolism indicators revealed a significant increase in iron levels in the experimental group of animals (up to 25.3±1.9 µmol/l), which was 22.8% higher than the control value. Changes in other indicators of mineral metabolism did not differ significantly between the groups, although dogs receiving stimulating therapy showed positive dynamics of changes in mineral metabolism indicators. The use of a complex of metabolic stimulants “Suiferrovita”, “Strolitin”, “Amber Acid” stabilized red blood counts and contributed to the development of a tendency towards the restoration of mineral metabolism.

The development of the bone system of young Bestuzhev breed and its crossbreeds with simmentals

Relevance. As a result of morphological studies, materials were obtained characterizing the effect of genotype and castration of young cattle and the development of the bone system in the postnatal period of ontogenesis.Methodology. For the purpose of conducting the experiment, groups of experimental young animals were selected:Results. The influence of the genotype and castration of young cattle on the absolute weight and length of individual parts and the entire skeleton of gobies and castrated gobies of the Bestuzhev breed and its first-generation crossbreeds with simmentals was established. The advantage of crossbred bulls of the ½ Bestuzhevskaya × ½ simmental group II in terms of the absolute weight of both the axial and peripheral skeleton over purebred and crossbred bulls and castrated bulls of the Bestuzhevskaya breed, crossbred castrated bulls has been established. For the entire mass of the carcass skeleton, this superiority was, respectively, 12 g (2.4%), 6616 g (14.7%) and 5553 (12.0%). Similar intergroup differences were found in the length of individual parts and the entire skeleton of the carcass.

Некоторые особенности токсикологических свойств специфического иммунобиостимулятора «Трансфер-фактор» в доклинических испытаниях

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to evaluate some aspects of toxicological safety of a specific immunobiostimulant “Transfer factor” in laboratory animal models. Methods. The experiments were performed on mice, rats and guinea pigs. The toxicological safety assessment of the “Transfer factor” preparation included the determination of the following characteristics: chronic toxicity, assessment of specific activity, assessment of embryotoxic and teratogenic properties, assessment of allergenic properties Results. It was established that the introduction of the “Transfer factor” preparation in a chronic toxicological experiment is accompanied by the development of muscle tremor in the rodents’ body, the duration of which depends on the administered dose, route of administration and exposure time, but their body weight increases by 6.29–10.63 %. Autopsy of experimental group animals revealed no visible changes in the arrangement of internal organs and fluid accumulation in the abdominal and pleural cavities, although some pathological changes in color, consistency and size of the lungs, spleen, liver and heart were noted. The mass coefficients of these organs change with an increase in the dose of the administered drug “Transfer factor”, especially with the intraperitoneal route of administration up to 10.39 %. The tested drug in the reaction of lymphocyte blast transformation increases the number of blasts from 0.20 to 1.40 %. The totality of data allows us to state that the drug “Transfer factor” in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76 belongs to the IV hazard class “low-hazard substances” and it can be recommended for further clinical trials, in which a dosage exceeding 6 ml/kg of live weight will not be used, when administered to laboratory animals, a complex of changes in the internal organs develops. Scientific novelty. The introduction of “Transfer factor” does not affect the condition and functions of the reproductive organs (uterus, ovaries) of pregnant rats, and the drug does not exhibit a negative embryotoxic and teratogenic effect in their body. When studying the allergenic properties of the drug, it was found that it does not cause a general anaphylaxis reaction in the body of guinea pigs, does not irritate the skin in the reaction of immune complexes and the conjunctiva of the eye in the conjunctival test.

Treatment with Tinospora cordifolia ameliorates prenatal stress and maternal separation-induced memory deficits by restoring amygdaloid neuronal architecture

Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (TC) possesses antioxidative properties and has been shown to improve cognition. In this study, the effects of TC were investigated on prenatal vibratory stress, maternal separation-induced amygdala plasticity, and memory retention in pregnant rats and their neonates. Methods: Four experimental animal groups of pregnant Wistar rats were employed in this research, including normal & vehicle controls, the stressed group, which received 3 hours of vibratory stress/day, and the TC-treated group, which received 6 mg/kg TC before vibratory stress. The neonates born to these mothers were then subjected to maternal separation, followed by postnatal TC treatment. After 6 weeks, the animals were assessed to evaluate memory retention, serum cortisol levels, and neuronal structural changes in the amygdala. Results: Neonates exposed to prenatal vibratory stress and maternal separation entered the dark compartment more quickly during the retention test (P<0.001), indicating reduced memory retention. In contrast, the TC-treated groups showed longer latencies (P<0.001), suggesting improved memory retention. The TC-treated mothers and neonates had longer dendrites with more branching points and intersections (P<0.001). However, these dendrites underwent pruning, indicating a complex structural response to stress and TC treatment. Conclusion: The results indicate that TC exerts neuroprotective effects against prenatal vibratory stress and maternal separation and aids memory retrieval in rats by restoring amygdala neuronal damage.

Bacteroides vesicles promote functional alterations in the gut microbiota composition.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and alterations in the gut microbiota composition. Bacteroides fragilis, which secretes outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with polysaccharide A (PSA), can moderate the inflammatory response and possibly alter the microbiota composition. In this study, we created a murine model of chronic sodium dextran sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal colitis and treated it with B. fragilis OMVs. We monitored the efficiency of OMV therapy by determining the disease activity index (DAI) and performing histological examination (HE) of the intestine before and after vesicle exposure. We also analyzed the microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Finally, we evaluated the volatile compound composition in the animals' stools by HS-GC/MS to assess the functional activity of the microbiota. We observed more effective intestinal repair after OMV treatment according to the DAI and HE. A metabolomic study also revealed changes in the functional activity of the microbiota, with a predominance of phenol and pentanoic acid in the control group compared to the group treated with DSS and the group treated with OMVs (DSS OMVs). We also observed a positive correlation of these metabolites with Saccharibacteria and Acetivibrio in the control group, whereas in the DSS group, there was a negative correlation of phenol and pentanoic acid with Lactococcus and Romboutsia. According to the metabolome and sequencing data, the microbiota composition of the DSS-treated OMV group was intermediate between that of the control and DSS groups. OMVs not only have an anti-inflammatory effect but also contribute to the recovery of the microbiota composition.IMPORTANCEBacteroides fragilis vesicles contain superficially localized polysaccharide A (PSA), which has unique immune-modulating properties. Isolated PSA can prevent chemically induced colitis in a murine model. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) also contain digestive enzymes and volatile metabolites that can complement the anti-inflammatory properties of PSA. OMVs showed high therapeutic activity against sodium dextran sulfate-induced colitis, as confirmed by histological assays. 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples from different inflammatory stages, supplemented with comprehensive metabolome analysis of volatile compounds conducted by HS-GC/MS, revealed structural and functional alterations in the microbiota composition under the influence of OMVs. Correlation analysis of the OMV-treated and untreated experimental animal groups revealed associations of phenol and pentanoic acid with Lactococcus, Romboutsia, Saccharibacteria, and Acetivibrio.

Conceptual rationale for the use of chemically modified nanocomposites for active influence on atherosclerosis using the greater omentum model of experimental animals

The use of chemically modified nanocomposites for atherosclerotic plaques can open up new opportunities for studying their effect on changing the structure of the plaque itself. It was shown on the model of the greater omentum of two groups of experimental animals (rats n = 30), which were implanted with Fe@C NPs nanocomposites of 10–30 Nm size into the omentum area. Group 1 (n = 15) consisted of animals that were implanted with chemically modified Fe@C NPs nanocomposites and control group 2 (n = 15) was with non-modified Fe@C NPs nanocomposites. After 1, 2 and 3 weeks we conducted the morphological study of changes in the structure of the omentum using two dyes (Nile Blue and Sudan III), which are specific for adipose tissue. Chemically modified nanocomposites have demonstrated, in contrast to non-modified nanoparticles, to cause morphological changes in the structure of the greater omentum accompanied by the probable release of a similar antiatherogenic factor.

Rationing of diets of dairy cows for non-degradable protein with protein supplements of plant origin

Methods. This scientific and economic experiment was conducted under the conditions of the Moscow Region on 3 groups of Holstein breed cows showing milk yield of 8000 kg to study the efficiency of rationing of the content of non-degradable protein in feed rations for highly productive cows upon the use of various sources of protected plant-based protein.Results. It was found that the increase in content of non-degradable protein from 35% in the control group to 40% in experimental groups I and II for the period from day 21 until day 100 of lactation by feeding corn gluten (0.85 kg) and extruded soy protein concentrate (1.0 kg) accordingly instead of sunflower meal (1.2 kg) in the control group, with the similar concentration of raw protein of 17.2% in dry matter of the feed, contributed to the increase in milk yield with 4% fat content over 100 days of lactation by 6.3% and 8.5% (p ≤ 0.05) and the increase in feed costs (ME) by 5.3–6.7%. In physiological studies, an increase in the digestibility of crude protein by 2.0% and 3.2% abs (p ≤ 0.05), in groups of cows receiving protected protein supplements, as well as a tendency for more intensive digestion of crude fat by 1.2% and 2.2% abs. (p ≤ 0.1). Economic calculations showed that the use of the studied protein supplements in the diets of animals of experimental groups I and II made it possible to reduce the cost of 1 c of milk with basic fat content by 41.8 and 56.0 rubles, while receiving additional profit in the amount of 2845.1 and 3861.3 rubles compared to control.

EFFICIENCY OF GROWING MEAT-WOOL FIELDS DEPENDING ON THE TONNAGE OF WOOL

In the article, based on the conducted research, considers the expediency of using wool fineness indicators in the selection process when growing meat-wool breeds. Due to the lack of a comparative analysis of animal husbandry, experimental groups were formed conditionally and distributed according to the total number of herds. The first group of experimental animals included yaks with the thickness of wool fibers – 23.1–25.0 μm or 60th quality; to the II group with an average fiber diameter of 25.1–27.0 μm or 58th good quality;The III group consisted of ditches with a greater thickness of wool fibers – 27.1–29.0 μm or 56th good quality. In order to study the effectiveness of using fodder in production, three model groups of 10 head each at the age of 12 months were formed. It was established that during the 60-day growing period, the indicators of absolute, average daily and relative growth in pits of II and III groups were higher. Feed costs per 1 kg of body weight gain amounted to 11.4 units in the first group and 1282 g of digestible protein, in the II and III groups, respectively, 10.3 units. and 1166 g and 10.4 k. units. and 1169 g of digestible protein. Conducted studies have shown that the yaks with the tone of wool of the 56th quality are characterized by higher indicators in terms of live weight, development and wool productivity, which indicates their better adaptation to the natural and climatic conditions in which the farm is located.

Results of radiographic assessment of cardiac size in dogs with progressing myxomatous mitral valve disease

Chest radiography for mitral valve endocardiosis (MMVD) is both an independent and an additional method of investigation compared to echocardiography. It allows assessment of lung tissue condition, central airways, degree of vascularization, and changes in the mediastinum and pleural cavities. This study aimed to perform a radiographic examination of dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis at different stages under previously established and new indices and to determine their informativeness. The study was conducted in the private veterinary hospital “Eurovet” and at the Department of Internal Diseases of Animals and Clinical Diagnostics clinic of the Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies of Lviv. The subjects were 25 dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis. The diagnosis was established based on the American College of Veterinary Medicine criteria. During the study, three experimental groups of animals were formed according to their clinical-functional status and the characteristics of each stage of MMVD development: groups B1, B2, and C. In group B1, 57.1 % of the animals had a slight increase in the RLAD index. With the progression of the disease, we observed a further increase in RLAD (in 80 %), a significant increase in VLAS (P < 0.01) for the first time in 40 %, as well as a decrease in RLAD-spine (P < 0.05) in 40 % and Bronchus-spine (P < 0.01) in 60 % of dogs, which generally indicates both local enlargement of the left atrium and cardiomegaly. The informativeness of the VHS index was noted at stage C (group C), as in 66.7 % of the experimental animals, its value exceeded (P < 0.001) the reference values of the norm. At the same time, we observed an increase (P < 0.05) in the mean value of RLAD by 1.3 times compared to group B1 and VLAS (P < 0.001) by 1.6 times. Between the radiographic indicators, we confirmed the presence of a strong correlation. Thus, in group B2, it was positive (r = +0.779) for VHS and RLAD and negative (r = -0.831) for VHS and RLAD-spine. In group C, a further increase in the correlation (r = +0.885) was found only between VHS and RLAD. Based on the analysis of chest radiography data, it is advisable to use radiographic indices in cases of cardiomegaly, particularly with left atrial enlargement. However, this requires their group determination and mandatory comparison with echocardiographic examination results. In veterinary practice, this has diagnostic significance for establishing the stage of the disease, as well as in the selection or correction of the therapeutic support scheme for the patient.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ФУЛЬВОКИСЛОТЫ НА УСВОЕНИЕ ПИТАТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ РАЦИОНА И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ МОЛОДНЯКА КРС

The aim of research is to study the effect of fulvic acid on the absorption of nutrients in the diet and the productivity of young cattle. Feed additives based on humic substances (humic and fulvic acids) with high biological activity may be promising. The studies were conducted on the farm of the agricultural cooperative Imeni Ilyicha in the Novgorod Region on young Holstein cattle aged 6–7 months. Three groups of animals were formed (n = 10): a control group consuming the basic diet (BD), the first experimental group – BD + 5 ml of fulvic acid, the second experimental group – BD + 10 ml of fulvic acid. It was found that the introduction of 5 ml of fulvic acid into the diet of young cattle had a positive effect on the digestibility of all the nutrients studied. Thus, the dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber values in the first experimental group exceeded the similar values in the control group by 1.9 %, 5.4 and 5.8 %, respectively. The digestibility coefficients of crude fat, NFE and organic matter in the animals of the first experimental group also exceeded the control values by 3.9 %, 2.4 and 3.6 %. The increase in the mass fraction of fulvic acid did not lead to a further increase in the digestibility coefficient values, on the contrary, in relation to the first experimental group, they decreased in all indicators. The average daily gain in the control group was 570 g, in the first experimental group – 887, in the second experimental group – 854 g, this also showed that an increase in the dosage of the feed additive is inappropriate and leads to a decrease in the payment for the feed in weight gain.

Influence of enzyme drug and adsorbent on digestive metabolism processes of steers fattening in technogenic zone

In the practice of feeding of young ruminants for fattening, feed drugs of new generation adsorbents are increasingly and widely introduced. They often exhibit synergistic eff ects on metabolic processes with a large set of biologically active additives including enzyme drugs. The purpose of the research was to study the infl uence of the adsorbent drugs toxfi n and MEC celloviridin G20x on the state of rumen metabolism in fattening steers in whose diets there was an excess content of lead, zinc and cadmium salts. It was found that in order to activate the processes of digestive metabolism due to better elimination of heavy metal salts, it is advisable to jointly introduce the adsorbent toxfi n in the amount of 1 kg/t of compound feed and MEC celloviridin G20x in the amount of 70 g/t of compound feed into the composition of the rations of fattening steers. The results of the conducted studies showed that by the end of fattening at the age of 18 months the animals of the 4th experimental group had the highest body weight, which surpassed the steers of the 1st control group by 29.20 kg (p < 0.05) or 6.86 %. Relative to the control analogues the steers of the 4th experimental group showed an activation of growth in the forestomachs of ciliates (producers of cellulases and amylases) by 54.26 % (p < 0.05) and bacteria of the Flavobacterium vitarumen group (producers of proteinases) by 29.36 % (p < 0.05). Due to the combined feeding of the adsorbent drugs toxfi n and MEC celloviridin G20x, the processes of detoxifi cation of heavy metal salts were more effective. Therefore, the fattening steers of the 4th experimental group more actively accumulated volatile fatty acids in the rumen fl uid, significantly (p < 0.05) outperforming the animals of the 1st control group in this indicator by 1.68 mmol/100 ml or by 20.71 %.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ СХЕМЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ КОРОВ С СЕРОЗНО-ФИБРИНОЗНЫМ МАСТИТОМ

The purpose of the study is to determine the most effective treatment regimen for cows with serous-fibrinous mastitis. Objectives: conducting a comprehensive diagnosis of the cow population at the enterprise and identifying among them animals with clinical mastitis; comparison of treatment regimens for cows diagnosed with serous fibrinous mastitis; determining the most effective treatment regimen for the disease on the farm. Objects of study: cows, treatment regimens for mastitis. Research methods: clinical, laboratory studies of livestock and identification of animals with mastitis among them; conducting a comparative analysis of mastitis treatment regimens and determining the most effective one. At the enterprise, the cows were diagnosed with mastitis. 3 treatment regimens for serous-fibrinous mastitis were developed based on the sensitivity of the milk microflora in cows with mastitis to various antibiotics. In the 1st experimental group of animals, the treatment regimen was an antibiotic of the cephalosporin group – Ceftonit, Cobactan LC (1 syringe in the udder tank), NSAID – Flunex. In the 2nd – an antibiotic of the group of semi-synthetic penicillins – Amoxicillin, Gamaret (1 syringe in the udder tank), NSAIDs – Flunex. In the 3rd – a combination of an antibacterial drug of the tetracycline group – Nitox, Mastiet forte (1 syringe in the udder tank), NSAID – Flunex. As a result of comparing treatment regimens in three experimental groups, it was possible to identify the most effective one. When using the 3rd treatment regimen for cows, the most effective therapeutic effect was obtained, but in terms of the cost of drugs, the regimen turned out to be the most expensive. However, if we take into account the economic costs of milk loss while waiting for antibiotics to be removed from the cows’ bodies, the scheme is more effective.

NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS "CELEXIB" AND "DIBUTALIASTIN" EFFICACY IN INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN RATS

Non-steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used analgesics in veterinary medicine. Induced inflammation in laboratory animals is one of the most common methods to determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of new drugs. We studied the anti-inflammatory properties of the drugs "Celexib", with the celecoxib (100 mg in 1 ml) active pharmaceutical ingredient and "Dibutalastin” ointment (1 g of the drug contains 61.0 mg of methyl salicylate). The studies resulted in the following, after supplantation of 1% carrageenan solution into laboratory rats, animals of the control and experimental groups developed an acute inflammatory process (swelling, increased volume of the paw, hyperemia, and tenderness). The most significant changes were observed in rats of all groups three hours after carrageenan administration. It was found that rats of the control group that did not receive anti-inflammatory drugs had the volume of the paw increased on the 4th and 6th hours of the experiment. The animals of experimental E1 and E2 groups, after 4 hours showed decreased intensity of the inflammatory process under the influence of "Celecoxib" and "Diclofenac” anti- inflammation drugs. The volume of the paw was 25.6, 8.2, and 14.3% less in the E1 , and E2 groups of animals, compared to the period before induction of inflammatio. By the 6th hour of the study, the animals of group E1 had virtually no visible clinical signs of the inflammatory process caused by carrageenan, which confirms the anti-inflammation effectiveness of the “Celecoxib” drug. It was found that inflammation induced by allyl isothiocyanate and formalin in rats, the investigated drug "Dibutalastin" ointment also showed peculiar analgesic properties. It was observed that its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were like the reference drug "Dolaren-gel".

The efficiency of consumption and assimilation of nutrients of the diet feed, depending on the genotype and castration of young sheep

Relevance. As a result of the scientific and economic experience, materials were obtained characterizing the peculiarities of consumption and assimilation of nutrients in the diet of sheep, depending on genotypic affiliation and castration.Methodology. In order to perform the experiment, groups of experimental young animals were selected: I – Gypsy breed (sheep), II – ½ Tsigai × ½ edilbai (sheep), III – Tsigai breed (boulders), IV – ½ Tsigai × ½ edilbai (boulders).Results. The effect of genotype and castration on the amount of consumed and digested nutrients has been established, which in turn affects their digestibility in the body and the formation of meat products. It is enough to note that crossbred rams and boulders having the genotype ½ Qigai × ½ edilbai surpassed purebred analogues in consumption of dry matter by 237.6 g (14.5%) and 227.5 g (8.15), organic matter – by 220.4 g (14.55%) and 200.0 g (14.2%), in digestion (assimilation) dry matter by 173.0 g (16.1%) and 167.8 g (16.8%), organic matter by 158.9 g (15.5%) and 152.5 g (16.2%). At the same time, both purebred and crossbred boulders were characterized by the lowest indicators.

Acute Toxicity Test of Mulberry Leaf Extract (Morus rubra L) as a Basic Ingredient of Candida Albicans Antifungal on Rattus Norvecigus

Previous research on the effectiveness of mulberry leaves in the growth of candida albicans showed that C. albicans is inhibited in vitro. Mulberry leaf extract is used as a basic ingredient for treatment. In addition to being tested for effectiveness, testing is needed to ensure the level of acute toxicity in experimental animals in determining toxicity levels. The study aimed to test the acute toxicity of mulberry leaf extract on Rattus Norvecigus media in determining the level of toxicity before becoming the basic ingredient of VVC antifungal. The research method uses an experimental laboratory post-test-only control group design with a 9 Rattus Norvegicus media. The average dose is not lethal using LD50 values. Research analysis using ANOVA is One Way to determine the difference in the average weight change of experimental animals. The study's results did not show any deaths of experimental animals or toxic symptoms in administering mulberry leaf extract doses of 0 mg, 100mg, 1000 mg, 1600mg, 2900mg, 5000mg. LD50 value more than 8g/kg BW, included in the non-toxic category (5-15 g/kg BW). The ANOVA statistical test showed a P-value of 0.781 more than a P-value of 0.05, that is, there was no difference in the average change in body weight in the experimental animal group given different treatment doses in each group. The research concludes that mulberry leaf extract does not show a lethal dose of acute toxicity, so it is safe to use as a basic ingredient in treatment sourced from natural ingredients.

Pharmacological composition based on bacteriocinnisin in experiments in vitro and in vivo.

Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem related to the transmission of bacteria and genes between humans and animals. The development of new drugs with antimicrobial activity research is an urgent task of modern science. The article presents data of in vitro and in vivo experiments on new pharmaceutical composition based on nisin. The antimicrobial activity was studied on the mastitis pathogens. To identify microorganisms the Matrix-Assisted Lazer Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) (mass spectrometry) method was performed using. To determine sensitivity, the serial dilution method and the diffusion method were used. On laboratory animals, biochemical, hematological, and histological research methods were used. Female nonlinear white laboratory rats were used, which were divided into one control group and three experimental ones. "Duration" factor was statistically significant for the following indicators: hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and eosinophils. The "Dose" factor did not show significance for any indicator, which means that the effect was similar regardless of the dose chosen. When analyzing the biochemical indicators, significant differences were found in the "Duration" and "Dose" factors, in the direction of a decrease in the indicators of total protein, globulins, urea, and an increase in the concentration of alkaline phosphatase. When conducting histological studies in the first experimental group, it was established that there were no changes in the structural and functional units of the organs. In animals of the second experimental group, the presence of reversible pathological processes of a compensatory nature was noted. More profound changes in the structure of the studied organs were recorded in the third experimental group. An in vitro study on cell cultures showed that the pharmacological composition has high antimicrobial activity against isolates from the mammary gland secretion of cows with mastitis. An in vivo study on laboratory animals showed that the developed composition belongs to the IV class of substances "low-hazard substances". Histological examination made it possible to select the safest dose of the pharmacological composition of no more than 500 mg/kg.

Comparative model of minimal spinal cord injury reveals a rather anti-inflammatory response in the lesion site as well as increased proliferation in the central canal lining in the neonates compared to the adult rats.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting from trauma decreases the quality of human life. Numerous clues indicate that the limited endogenous regenerative potential is a result of the interplay between the inhibitory nature of mature nervous tissue and the inflammatory actions of immune and glial cells. Knowledge gained from comparing regeneration in adult and juvenile animals could draw attention to factors that should be removed or added for effective therapy in adults. Therefore, we generated a minimal SCI (mSCI) model with a comparable impact on the spinal cord of Wistar rats during adulthood, preadolescence, and the neonatal period. The mechanism of injury is based on unilateral incision with a 20ga needle tip according to stereotaxic coordinates into the dorsal horn of the L4 lumbar spinal segment. The incision should harm a similar amount of gray matter on a coronal section in each group of experimental animals. According to our results, the impact causes mild injury with minimal adverse effects on the neurological functions of animals but still has a remarkable effect on nervous tissue and its cellular and humoral components. Testing the mSCI model in adults, preadolescents, and neonates revealed a rather anti-inflammatory response of immune cells and astrocytes at the lesion site, as well as increased proliferation in the central canal lining in neonates compared with adult animals. Our results indicate that developing nervous tissue could possess superior reparative potential and confirm the importance of comparative studies to advance in the field of neuroregeneration.

Risk meters and markers of accelerated aging

The purpose of the study is to analyze scientific research on the establishment of risk meters and markers of aging, in order to take a set of measures to prevent accelerated aging and the development of occupational diseases in the working population, including using models on laboratory animals. Material and methods: analytical, toxicological, hygienic and statistical research methods. The object of the study was the results of our own original research on the influence of environmental factors (vibration, noise, 4-component mixture of hydrocarbons) on the organisms of model animals, as well as published research material on the establishment of risk meters and markers of aging. The results and their discussion. The study determined a direct relationship between gender, age and duration of exposure to environmental factors on model organisms exposed to 90-day exposure to occupational hazards, which made it possible to establish risk meters and markers of premature aging in animals of experimental groups, compared with the control group. The results obtained experimentally will contribute to the adoption of measures to protect the health of the labor contingent. Conclusion. The leading role of timely adoption of a set of health-saving measures to prevent the development of occupational diseases in the labor contingent is determined, based on established risk meters and markers of accelerated aging using organisms of model animals.

The study of the influence of <i>Thlaspi arvense</i> L. on the characteristics of the reproductive system of male rats

Introduction. The development of new effective and safe herbal medicines capable of having a positive effect on reproductive status is an urgent task of domestic pharmacy. Medicinal plants are considered as alternative therapies aimed at increasing testosterone levels and fertility in men. The arsenal of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases in men is mainly represented by phytoadaptogens, most of which have a small resource potential in Russia, therefore, it is relevant to search for plants with a sufficient raw material base and with the potential for cultivation. Thlaspi arvense L. is a promising medicinal plant, as it is widely used in folk medicine as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, antihistamine, hemostatic, astringent, has a positive effect on the processes of spermatogenesis and is widely distributed in our country. However, information on the chemical composition and biological activity of Thlaspi arvense L. they are insufficient, which shows the relevance of its further more detailed study in order to substantiate the possibility of application in practical medicine and solutions to the issues of standardization of medicinal plant raw materials.Aim. The study of the influence of Thlaspi arvense L. on the characteristics of the reproductive system of male rats.Materials and methods. The object of the study was an infusion of herbа Thlaspi arvense L. The features of the reproductive behavior of male rats after 21-day administration of the infusion of grass yarutka field were studied using tests that allow quantifying the severity of sexual motivation and sexual activity of males. The viability of spermatozoa in the ejaculate of rats was assessed, the total number of spermatozoa (ACS, million), degenerative and immobile forms (%) was calculated. Morphophysiological parameters of spermatogenesis of rats of control and experimental groups of animals were studied using classical histological methods. The concentration of testosterone in the blood serum of experimental groups of animals was determined by the enzyme immunoassay.Results and discussion. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the fertility of rats has increased against the background of the course administration of the infusion of herbа Thlaspi arvense L., as evidenced by an increase in the testosterone content in the blood, improvement of spermogram indicators and morphophysiological characteristics of spermatogenesis in the testicles of rats. The use of the infusion of herbа Thlaspi arvense L. has a protective effect on spermatogenesis. An increase in the thickness of the spermatogenic epithelium, the diameter of the cross-section of the convoluted seminal tubules and the index of spermatogenesis compared with the control group of animals was revealed. The positive effect of Thlaspi arvense L. on indicators of sexual motivation and sexual activity of male rats is shown.Conclusion. Thlaspi arvense L. is a promising medicinal plant, as it is able to have a positive effect on libido, the number and mobility of spermatozoa, the production of sex hormones, spermatogenesis, as well as on the pituitary-gonadal axis, which is associated with the content of a complex of biologically active substances in it.