Experimental Analysis Research Articles

Connection between MiR-490 and CCND1 and GSK3β genes play an effective role in Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer.

The Wnt signaling pathway is identified as one of the main disrupted pathways in Colorectal cancer (CRC). Results from studies focusing on this route will aid greatly in the detection and treatment of CRC. MicroRNAs (MiRs), particularly MiR-490, has emerged as key regulator of gene expression in biological pathways, making it an attractive research target. This is notably true for the Wnt signaling pathway, which is usually disordered in CRC tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of MiR-490 isomiRs and determine some of its key target genes involved in Wnt signaling pathway in CRC tissues and cell lines, based on experimental and bioinformatics analysis. Elevated expression of GSK3β and CCND1 indicate that the progression of CRC tumor is associated with the inhibitory effect of MiR-490 isomiRs on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This finding was supported by the observation of a positive connection between the expression pattern of miR-490-3p and 5p, and CCND1 and GSK3β in CRC. The valuable results of this study provide a means of identifying biomarkers with the potential to either inhibit or activate CRC cellular pathways.

Experimental investigation and thermodynamic analysis of application of hybrid nanofluid in a parabolic solar trough collector.

In this research, thermal modeling has been done to investigate the effect of nanofluid on the performance of the linear parabolic collector. Therminol vapor/liquid phase fluid (VP-1) has been used as a base fluid; iron oxide nanoparticles have been used to produce mono-nanofluid; and iron oxide multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite has been used as nanoparticles to produce hybrid nanofluid. The fluid flow inside the absorber tube of the collector is assumed to be turbulent. The results show that when hybrid nanofluid and mono-nanofluid are used, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the collector are higher than those for the conditions of using the base fluid, but their amount is slightly lower with the use of hybrid nanofluid than when the working fluid is mono-nanofluid. According to the obtained results, the highest energy efficiency of the linear parabolic collector using nanofluid and mono-nanofluid is 70.2% and 70.4%, respectively, and the highest exergy efficiency is 35.7% and 35.9%, respectively. Despite this, the friction coefficient of mono-nanofluid compared to hybrid nanofluid was obtained on average about 9% higher. The results showed that the criterion for evaluating the performance of the collector (hydrodynamic thermal efficiency) when hybrid nanofluid is used is more than when mono-nanofluid is used.

Network architecture for single image super‐resolution: A comprehensive review and comparison

AbstractSingle image super‐resolution (SISR) is a promising research direction in computer vision and image processing for improving the visual perception of low‐quality images. In recent years, deep learning algorithms have driven tremendous development in SR, and SR methods based on various network architectures have significantly improved the quality of reconstructed images. Although there has been a large amount of reviews focusing on SISR, few studies have focused specifically on network architectures for SISR. This paper aims to provide a systematic overview of the design ideas of SISR using multiple architectures, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), Transformer, and Diffusion model. In addition, an experimental analysis and comparison of state‐of‐the‐art SR algorithms have been performed on publicly available quantitative and qualitative datasets. Finally, some future directions are discussed that may help other community researchers.

An experimental analysis on thermal performance of interloping threaded cooling channels in injection mold cavity

An experimental analysis on thermal performance of interloping threaded cooling channels in injection mold cavity

Is Thomas Tuchel wrong? Evaluation of hexagonal shaped drills based on machine learning and position data

As a variation of small-sided games (SSGs), Thomas Tuchel's hexagonal shaped possession drills attracted a lot of attention in coaches’ soccer education. Changing certain variables (e.g. pitch size) is one traditional approach to provide an optimal stimulus for a specific training goal. Therefore, the presented field study investigated whether hexagonal shaped drills show changes in tactical key performance indicators (KPIs) using positional data in a controlled experimental setting. Data were collected using player tracking systems (1 Hz) in 5 versus 5 SSGs in both the full-size pitch and pitch with cut-off corners condition. At match-related level, trial duration and outcome were examined. At player-related level, the tactical KPIs effective playing space (EPS), length-per-width ratio, space control and overplayed defenders were analyzed. The results show significant differences in length-per-width ratio (attacking team), the EPS and space control (30m-zone). However, it could not be confirmed that hexagonal shaped drills are played more vertically and faster toward the goal than on a normal pitch, as there were no changes in trial duration, outcome or overplayed defenders. Nevertheless, an experimental positional data analysis paradigm is a useful approach to investigate tactical principles in high-level professional soccer.

Ensuring Privacy and Recovery: Public Key Encryption for Secure Data De-Duplication with Keyword Search

In the current era of information explosion, user’s demand for data storage is increasing, and data on the cloud has become the first choice of users and enterprises. Clous storage facilitates the backup and sharing of data, efficiently reducing user’s storage expenses. The duplicate data of different users is stored multiple times, leading to a sudden decrease in the storage utilization of cloud servers. Data stored in plaintext form can directly remove duplicate data, while cloud servers are semi-trusted and usually need to achieve secure de-duplication and recover data in cipher text for different users, and relationship of trapdoor are equal in cipher text to achieve secure de-duplication. The proposed scheme is secure and efficient through security analysis and experimental simulation analysis. Keywords: Data De-duplication, Mobile Edge Computing, Authentication, Security, Cryptographic Techniques, Data Integrity.

Experimental and numerical analysis of seismic performance of jacket platforms subjected to onshore and offshore earthquakes

Offshore platforms located in seismically active areas may be subjected to different seismic effects during service. The seismic performance of offshore platforms under different earthquakes was studied using shaking table tests and finite element analysis (FEA). The dynamic properties, acceleration, displacement and strain responses of the scale model under near-field, far-field and offshore earthquakes were studied. On this basis, more consideration was given to soil-pile-structure interactions (SPSIs), and this finite element (FE) model was analyzed for seismic fragility using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). By combining the results of the tests and FEA, it was found that the dynamic response of the platform was significantly larger under offshore earthquakes than under onshore earthquakes. The collapse resistance of offshore platform under offshore earthquakes was inferior to that under onshore earthquakes. Therefore, seismic performance assessment of long-period offshore platforms based on onshore earthquakes may overestimate its seismic capacity and pose potential risks to platforms in service.

Curvature-mediated rapid extravasation and penetration of nanoparticles against interstitial fluid pressure for improved drug delivery

Elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) within pathological tissues (e.g., tumors, obstructed kidneys, and cirrhotic livers) creates a significant hindrance to the transport of nanomedicine, ultimately impairing the therapeutic efficiency. Among these tissues, solid tumors present the most challenging scenario. While several strategies through reducing tumor IFP have been devised to enhance nanoparticle delivery, few approaches focus on modulating the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles to effectively counteract IFP during extravasation and penetration, which are precisely the stages obstructed by elevated IFP. Herein, we propose an innovative solution by engineering nanoparticles with a fusiform shape of high curvature, enabling efficient surmounting of IFP barriers during extravasation and penetration within tumor tissues. Through experimental and theoretical analyses, we demonstrate that the elongated nanoparticles with the highest mean curvature outperform spherical and rod-shaped counterparts against elevated IFP, leading to superior intratumoral accumulation and antitumor efficacy. Super-resolution microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations uncover the underlying mechanisms in which the high curvature contributes to diminished drag force in surmounting high-pressure differentials during extravasation. Simultaneously, the facilitated rotational movement augments the hopping frequency during penetration. This study effectively addresses the limitations posed by high-pressure impediments, uncovers the mutual interactions between the physical properties of NPs and their environment, and presents a promising avenue for advancing cancer treatment through nanomedicine.

Experimental evaluation of tribo-performances of bump foil journal bearing with different materials of foil

Abstract In this paper, the bump-type foil journal bearings is developed with five different foil materials: Inconel X750 (IN-X750), Stainless steel 316 (SS316), Beryllium copper (BC), Spring steel EN42J (SP EN42J) and Phosphor bronze (PB). To develop the bump-type FJB, a complete fabrication process is described in details along with the design of fixtures. This fabrication process includes various machining operations such as milling, rolling, cutting, threading, forming etc. The forming load versus deflection curve is obtained for all the foil materials with the metal forming operation. After fabricating it, the load-deflection test is performed to evaluate the structural characteristics of these developed bump-type foil bearings. Further, the experiment analysis of bump-type foil bearings is performed to evaluate its tribological characteristics such as wear rate and surface roughness. Moreover, the rubbing temperature of bump-type FJB is also captured by using the thermal imager. From these study, it is observed that the metal forming operation is the most challenging step in the fabrication of bump-type foil bearings. The brittleness behavior of BC foil increases after the heat treatment. The experimental results show that the minimum wear rate and maximum surface roughness of bump-type FJB is found for the IN-X750 foil due to its higher toughness and hardness. The maximum spring-back effect in bump-type FJB is found for the Spring steel EN42J. These results demonstrate that the maximum structural damping and stiffness of bump-type FJB is found for the Phosphor bronze and Inconel-X750 respectively.

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Vaporization Heat on the Interaction between Laser and Biological Tissue

A theoretical model, based on the classical Pennes’ bioheat theory, incorporating various boundary conditions, was established and compared to analyze the influence of the latent heat of vaporization via simulation. The aim was to elucidate the extent of its influence. The thermal damage rate, governed by the vaporization heat of biological tissue, is introduced as a key factor. Functional relationships between temperature and incident laser power, spatial position, and time are derived from the classical Pennes’ bioheat equation. According to the theoretical model, numerical simulations and experimental validations are conducted using Comsol Multiphysics 6.0, considering the tissue latent heat of vaporization. The model incorporating the latent heat of vaporization proved more suitable for analyzing the interactions between laser and biological tissue, evident from the degree of fit between simulated and experimental data. The minimum deviations between theoretical and experimental observations were determined to be 2.43% and 5.11% in temperature and thermal damage, respectively. Furthermore, this model can be extended to facilitate the theoretical analysis of the impact of vaporization heat from different primary tissue components on laser-tissue interaction.

Optimization of substation enclosure performance and carbon emission analysis based on OED

To explore the thermal performance parameters of substation enclosure parameters and interaction and influence degree, using the DeST software simulation and orthogonal test method to building load minimum as the target parameters, select external wall heat transfer coefficient, roof heat transfer coefficient, outer window heat transfer coefficient and orthogonal test factors, carry out the four factors three level L9 (34) Orthogonal test analysis, studied the influence of each factor and its interaction on the building load, and finally obtained the optimal combination of factors under the comprehensive boundary conditions. At the same time, the correlation between load and outdoor temperature in the optimal scheme of unmanned substation and the carbon emission results before and after optimization are also explored. The results show that through univariate analysis, with the heat transfer coefficient of exterior wall, roof and window, the cumulative cooling load is not linear. Through the orthogonal experimental analysis, the significance of substation building is> roof exterior wall> south Angle> window, and the optimal is A1-B1-C2-D2The annual cumulative building cooling load is 20165.59 kW h, and the peak cooling load appears on July 24. The operating condition of 0 ~ 9kW accounts for 90.6% of the annual operating time. There is a strong linear correlation between the building cooling load and the outdoor temperature (R2=0.65), the energy saving rate of the final optimized scheme is 17.71%, and the carbon saving rate is 26.72%. The research content of this paper provides reference for the renovation of existing buildings and the design of new buildings in substation buildings.

Research on CC-SSBLS Model-Based Air Quality Index Prediction

Establishing reliable and effective prediction models is a major research priority for air quality parameter monitoring and prediction and is utilized extensively in numerous fields. The sample dataset of air quality metrics often established has missing data and outliers because of certain uncontrollable causes. A broad learning system based on a semi-supervised mechanism is built to address some of the dataset’s data-missing issues, hence reducing the air quality model prediction error. Several air parameter sample datasets in the experiment were discovered to have outlier issues, and the anomalous data directly impact the prediction model’s stability and accuracy. Furthermore, the correlation entropy criteria perform better when handling the sample data’s outliers. Therefore, the prediction model in this paper consists of a semi-supervised broad learning system based on the correlation entropy criterion (CC-SSBLS). This technique effectively solves the issue of unstable and inaccurate prediction results due to anomalies in the data by substituting the correlation entropy criterion for the mean square error criterion in the BLS algorithm. Experiments on the CC-SSBLS algorithm and comparative studies with models like Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (V-SVR), BLS, SSBLS, and Categorical and Regression Tree-based Broad Learning System (CART-BLS) were conducted using sample datasets of air parameters in various regions. In this paper, the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are used to judge the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed model. Through the experimental analysis, RMSE and MAPE reached 8.68 μg·m−3 and 0.24% in the Nanjing dataset. It is possible to conclude that the CC-SSBLS algorithm has superior stability and prediction accuracy based on the experimental results.

Predictive Modeling for Microchannel Flow Boiling Heat Transfer under the Dual Effect of Gravity and Surface Modification

This paper investigates the heat transfer performance of flow boiling in microchannels under the dual effect of gravity and surface modification through both experimental studies and mechanistic analysis. Utilizing a test bench with microchannels featuring surfaces of varying wettability levels and adjustable flow directions, multiple experiments on R134-a flow boiling heat transfer under the effects of gravity and surface modification were conducted, resulting in 1220 sets of experimental data. The mass flux ranged from 735 kg/m2s to 1271 kg/m2s, and the heating heat flux density ranged from 9 × 103 W/m2 to 46 × 103 W/m2. The experimental results revealed the differences in the influence of different gravity and surface modification conditions on heat transfer performance. It was found that the heat transfer performance of super-hydrophilic surfaces in horizontal flow is optimal and more stable heat transfer performance is observed when gravity is aligned with the flow direction. And the impact of gravity and surface modification on heat transfer has been explained through mechanistic analysis. Therefore, two new dimensionless numbers, Fa and Conew, were introduced to characterize the dual effects of gravity and surface modification on heat transfer. A new heat transfer model was developed based on these effects, and the prediction error of the heat transfer coefficient was reduced by 12–15% compared to existing models, significantly improving the prediction accuracy and expanding its application scope. The applicability and accuracy of the new model were also validated with other experimental data.

Digital Steganography : A Comprehensive Study on Various Methods for Hiding Secret Data in a Cover file

This research paper offers an in-depth examination of digital steganography, with a focus on the diverse methodologies utilized for embedding secret data within cover files. Steganography, the practice of concealing information within other non-secret data, ensures the hidden message remains undetectable to unauthorized observers. This study systematically reviews both traditional and modern steganographic techniques, dissecting their fundamental mechanisms, advantages, and weaknesses. Techniques explored include Least Significant Bit (LSB) insertion, discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and innovative methods leveraging deep learning and adaptive algorithms. Each method is assessed for its imperceptibility, robustness, and data capacity, offering a comparative analysis to underscore their respective practical applications and limitations. Additionally, the paper delves into steganalysis—methods for detecting hidden information—to provide a comprehensive perspective on the field. Through experimental evaluation and theoretical analysis, this study seeks to enhance the understanding of digital steganography, presenting insights that could inform future research and the development of more secure data hiding techniques.

Leaps of Knowledge

Chagas Disease is the main cause of heart failure in the Western Hemisphere. Initially restricted to the American continent, the people's migration to the Northern Hemisphere caused the disease to become present in the five continents. A scientific revolution occurs when an important discovery removes an obstacle to the serial production of new scientific knowledge of social interest. Such a revolution creates a paradigm accepted after experimental analysis and verification by scientists investigating the subject. An example of a leap in knowledge was the discovery of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, its invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, an agent of a new human disease recognized by Dr. Carlos Chagas at the beginning of the twentieth century. Certainly, the seminal work of Carlos Chagas inseminates enthusiasm that is essential to disturb the minds of scientists who produce leaps of knowledge about recondite aspects of Chagas disease at the University of Brasilia.

A journey in the world of craniofacial development: From 1968 to the future.

This article is based on my talk at the meeting "3rd Advances in Craniosynostosis: Basic Science to Clinical Practice", held at University College, London, on 25 August 2023. It describes my contribution, together with that of my research team and external collaborators, to the field of craniofacial development. This began with my PhD research on the effects of excess vitamin A in rat embryos, which led to a study of normal as well as abnormal formation of the cranial neural tube. Many techniques for analysing morphogenetic change became available to me over the years: whole embryo culture, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, cell division analysis, immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis of the extracellular matrix. The molecular revolution of the 1980s, and key collaborations with international research teams, enabled functional interpretation of some of the earlier morphological observations and required a change of experimental species to the mouse. Interactions between the molecular and experimental analysis of craniofacial morphogenesis in my laboratory with specialists in molecular genetics and clinicians brought my research journey near to my original aim: to contribute to a better understanding of the causes of human congenital anomalies.

Di-electron production at the LHC: unravelling virtual-photon and heavy-flavour contributions

The production of virtual photons is a very sensitive probe of the properties of the quark-gluon plasma. As they are experimentally detected by lepton pairs, they suffer from a large background arising from hadron decays. Light-flavour hadrons dominate at low invariant masses below mee ~ 0.5 GeV and heavy flavours above. These contributions must therefore also be taken into account in experimental analyses at the LHC. In this paper, we calculate the direct contribution from virtual photons produced in the Drell-Yan process with an additional jet in POWHEG and find that it is significant at low invariant masses. We also simulate the background contributions from cc¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ c\\overline{c} $$\\end{document} and bb¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ b\\overline{b} $$\\end{document} production with POWHEG and quantify the theoretical uncertainties due to variations of the perturbative scales and parton distribution functions. We find larger relative and absolute uncertainties for the lighter c quarks than for heavier b quarks.

Theoretical study on the mechanism of alcohol photooxidation on Nb2O5 surface.

Theoretical modeling of the solid-state photocatalysis is one of the important issues as various useful photocatalysts have been developed to date. In this work, we investigated the mechanism of the alcohol photooxidation on niobium oxide (Nb2O5) which was experimentally developed, using the density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent (TD)DFT calculations based on the cluster model. The alcohol adsorption and the first hydrogen transfer from hydroxy group to surface occur in the ground state, while the second hydrogen transfer from CH proceeds in the excited states during the photoirradiation of UV or visible light. The spin crossing was identified and the low-lying triplet states were solved for the reaction pathway. The photoabsorption in the visible light region was characterized as the charge transfer transition from O 2p of alcohol to Nb 4d of the Nb2O5 surface. The spin density and the natural population analysis indicated the generation of spin density in the moiety of carbonyl compound and its dissipation to the interface of the surface, which partly explains the electron paramagnetic resonance measurement. It was confirmed that the rate determining step is the desorption of carbonyl compound and water molecule in agreement with the experimental rate equation analysis. The present findings with the theoretical modeling will provide useful information for the further studies of the solid-state photocatalysis.

Raman Spectroscopy on Free-Base Meso-tetra(4-pyridyl) Porphyrin under Conditions of Low Temperature and High Hydrostatic Pressure

We present a Raman spectroscopy study of the vibrational properties of free-base meso-tetra(4-pyridyl) porphyrin polycrystals under various temperature and hydrostatic pressure conditions. The combination of experimental results and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations allows us to assign most of the observed Raman bands. The modifications in the Raman spectra when excited with 488 nm and 532 nm laser lights indicate that a resonance effect in the Qy band is taking place. The pressure-dependent results show that the resonance conditions change with increasing pressure, probably due to the shift of the electronic transitions. The temperature-dependent results show that the relative intensities of the Raman modes change at low temperatures, while no frequency shifts are observed. The experimental and theoretical analysis presented here suggest that these molecules are well represented by the C2v point symmetry group.

Experimental investigation and simulation analysis of cast-steel joints under vertical pressure

The joint made of cast steel is frequently utilized within a treelike column structure to ensure a smooth transition. It is of great significance in ensuring the overall structural safety, but currently, the mechanical property and bearing capacity of this type of joint cannot be fully understood. This study investigates the load characteristics of three-forked cast steel joints through concrete experiments, finite element analysis, and regression method formula derivation, filling the gap in mechanical properties and calculation formulas of forked cast steel joints. Initially, a comprehensive model of the cast-steel joint, sourced from a practical engineering, underwent vertical load testing. Detailed scrutiny of stress distribution and vertical displacement of the tested joint was conducted based on the experimental outcomes. Subsequently, a finite element model of the tested joint was constructed using SolidWorks and subjected to analysis via ANSYS. The numerical findings were juxtaposed with experimental data and extrapolated to encompass other parametric scenarios. Ultimately, a regression analysis method was employed to derive a calculation formula for the load-carrying capacity of branch-bearing cast-steel joints. The regression analysis method can accurately obtain the load-bearing capacity calculation formula for tree-shaped joint models and can be extended to determine corresponding branch and main pipe dimensions, as well as the deviation angle between branches and the main pipe, under known load conditions. This improves design efficiency and accuracy. Comparative analysis reveals a substantial concurrence among experimental, finite element analysis, and formula-based predictive outcomes. The maximum error between experimental results and those obtained from finite element analysis is 9.02%. The maximum error between the results calculated using the load-bearing capacity formula derived from regression methods and those from finite element analysis is only 1.9%.