Experiential Style Research Articles

A process evaluation of a LifeLab Dublin; an interactive health literacy intervention

Abstract The argument for targeting adolescent health has been made strongly, with poor lifestyle behaviours often emerging during this life stage. Furthermore, there is consistent evidence of a widening socioeconomic gap in health indicators. Developing health literacy (HL) in youth populations to improve lifelong health behaviours has garnered increased interest in recent years. This process evaluation examines the acceptability, fidelity and dose delivered of the pilot of LifeLab Dublin: a nine-week, school-based HL intervention for low socioeconomic adolescents. The intervention, which comprised of two out-of-school, interactive HL experiences in conjunction with seven school-based lessons, took place between September and December in 2021 and involved students aged 11 - 13. The health issues targeted were previously identified by the teachers and students of the target population, and the learning activities within the out-of-school experiences were co-designed by adolescents of a similar demographic. Overall, the intervention was perceived positively by the students and teachers, particularly the two interactive out-of-school experiences. The teachers, however, highlighted issues with the volume and content of the school-based lessons, resulting in a reduced number of lessons being delivered. The fidelity of the two LifeLab experiences was high, demonstrating that the students engaged well with the learning activities and that the experience aligned with LifeLab’s core principles and underpinning theoretical constructs. The findings from this study highlight the value in implementing experiential style learning in school-based HL education and the benefit of involving participants in the design of intervention. The evaluation provided valuable insight into the refinements required to enhance the efficacy of the intervention, as well as providing an evidence-base to inform future school-based HL interventions for low socioeconomic adolescents. Key messages • The benefit of adopting experiential style health literacy education with young people. • The benefit of including young people in the design of a health literacy intervention.

The Serbian validation of the Rational-Experiential Inventory-40 and the Rational-Experiential Multimodal Inventory.

The widely used Rational-Experiential Inventory-40 (REI-40) assesses Rational and Experiential thinking styles. Recently, the authors have distinguished three aspects of the Experiential style: Intuition, Emotionality and Imagination and developed the Rational-Experiential Multimodal Inventory (REIm). In this study, we examined the internal consistency, structural/factorial, discriminant and known-groups validity of both REI-40 and REIm, in two samples of Serbian students. Participants in Study 1 (N = 819, mean age M = 19.81, 31% males) completed REI-40 and HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-PI-R), while participants in Study 2 (N = 304, mean age M = 19.47, 29% males) completed REIm, HEXACO-PI-R and Disintegration inventory DELTA. The internal consistency of both REI version subscales was acceptable to good. The results of CFA analyses indicated an acceptable fit for REI-40, while the structural validity of REIm was poor. Both REI-40 subscales (Rationality and Experientiality), as well as REIm Intuition demonstrated only a small content overlap with basic personality traits, while REIm Experientiality, Emotionality and Imagination correlated highly with Openness and Emotionality. We also observed some gender differences in the expected direction.

Styles of verification and the pursuit of organisational repair: The case of social impact

This paper examines how different varieties of verification can support the pursuit of organisational repair. We present data from a detailed field study of the setting of social impact, drawing on a variety of practitioner perspectives on the purpose, value, and practice of verification. Taking the distinction between a direct and indirect mode of intervention as our starting point, we theorise the differences between a financial audit style of verification and what we label an ‘experiential’ style of verification. We show that an experiential style reconceptualises verification as playing a role in learning about and improving on the delivery of social impact within organisations rather than a primary concern with assuaging external report users. Experiential verification values the situated knowledge of those deeply immersed in social impact above the attributes of independence, reputation or credentialled expertise, and is predicated on providing unmediated access to the subject of verification rather than verifying a measurable reality. A focus on verification for organisational repair has implications for whose wisdom counts, and points to the possibility of ‘new verification spaces’ focused on caretaking and delivering the public good rather than compliance.

Exploring Emotional Intelligence and Thinking Style in Saudi Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Emotional Intelligence (EI) and style of thinking (Rational style, RS and Experiential style, ES) are stable constructs that could be used to highlight how we think and behave, which is extremely important, especially in the healthcare sector, as it is complex and human-dependent. This study explored the EI and style of thinking of Saudi residents together with demographic data to see how they could relate and the implications of this on residents and patient safety. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: A sample (of 245) with different specialty backgrounds was used. Participants completed an online self-report survey, which included demographic information, followed by questionnaires to measure their thinking style and emotional Intelligence. Results: The main findings were a positive and significant correlation between RS and EI: rs = .482, n = 245, p p p = .006, and a significant relationship between error rate and EI: U = 5619.000, z = -3.387, p < .001. Conclusion: Medical Organizations could benefit from assessing their healthcare workers’ EI and thinking style to understand their differences and behaviors toward healthier workers and better patient care outcomes.

Important Factors in Remote Experiential Education.

Onsite and in-person experiential education has been well established to prepare practice-ready healthcare professionals, such as pharmacists. From COVID-19, the integration of remote educational delivery has occurred. As healthcare disciplines adjust to new experiential styles and innovate traditional methods, this paper highlights key areas for remote experiential education that can influence student experiences. Factors that are of importance to continuous quality improvement are described. A survey, utilizing the cloud-based software platform Qualtrics® headquartered in the United States, was developed to evaluate whether remote rotation delivery was comparable to traditional onsite experiential education, to assist with quality improvement for virtual experiential education, and to ensure the redesigned educational model meets accreditation standards for two schools of pharmacy. Numerous factors including work, time zone, Office of Experiential Education and preceptor responsiveness, and technology, were examined. Chi-Square test, t-test for proportions and odds ratios were utilized to evaluate results. Students with technology concerns throughout a remote rotation had a more than two-fold increase in identifying the virtual experience as worse than most/all other in-person rotations (p = 0.01). Preceptor responsiveness to questions and concerns significantly impact student perceptions of educational quality (p < 0.05). The majority of students perceived remote experiential education is equal to onsite experiences. Since continuous quality improvement is required by pharmacy accreditors and many other healthcare programs offering clinical opportunities, identifying factors is of importance to make future interventions in the remote experiential education delivery. This type of experiential learning became essential with COVID-19 impacting onsite clinical placements, and information can be used across health science disciplines at large.

Catholic Civics Education in the Early Cold War: Zeal for Democracy, Zeal for Christ

AbstractIn the late 1940s and 1950s American Catholic educators faced the dilemma of how to transmit Catholic faith and culture to the next generation while also reassuring their non‐Catholic neighbors that they were fully American in lifestyle and loyalties. This article examines one response to that dilemma: the convergence of public and Catholic school civics curricula through the widespread use of experiential pedagogy in Catholic civics education. Using a content analysis of civics textbooks and teacher's guides from both school systems, this article demonstrates how both kinds of schools converged on an experiential style of civics education, despite vocal opposition to “progressive” pedagogy at elite levels of Catholic educational discourse. The article then presents a partial explanation for this dissonance, demonstrating the moral certainty exhibited in the same Catholic‐school textbooks, and suggesting that Catholic educationists understood American Catholics to be morally privileged in a way that gave them special insight into American democracy and protected them from the negative influences of secular educational philosophy. This case study speaks to larger questions of how organizations manage conflicts between abstract principles and practical action, and suggests the value of including religious schools in the sociological study of “loose coupling” in educational organizations.

Psychodynamic Psychiatry Education and Training for Doctors

AimsBackground and Aim: Psychodynamic psychiatry training seminars are a blended supervision and experiential style approach to training health care professionals in reflective practice and formulation. They apply psychodynamic theory through case formulations, seminars, and Balint groups so that health care staff can improve their communication style, formulation skills and enhance their appreciation for patients with complex mental health problems. Our aim is to evaluate the provision of our psychodynamic psychiatry training sessions for doctors in psychiatry, gastroenterology, and emergency medicine, and to evaluate the perceived benefits of attending in terms of personal and professional development.MethodsMethods: The evaluation used a standardized mixed-methods approach, with the sample consisting of psychiatry core trainees (n = 9), gastroenterology higher trainees (n = 4), and emergency medicine doctors (n = 10). The evaluation period was between October 2021 and January 2022. Data were gathered via a survey tool, adapted from the literature using Likert scales and free text questions to identify barriers and facilitators to the sessions.ResultsResults: All participants (n = 23) scored the group highly across the board in terms of acceptability, clinical impact, and fidelity measures. All participants reported that they have a better appreciation of group dynamics, the impact of the doctor's humanity and personality on their clinical work, and the symbolic meaning of the patient's symptoms. Notably, approximately 60% reported that the sessions were relevant to their ongoing training needs and that 95% of participants felt the sessions were a safe place to express and process anxieties and frustrations about their work. All participants either agreed or strongly agreed the group had changed the way they think and practice, and that they felt able to consider their clinical encounters in a new light.ConclusionConclusion: This evaluation reports early findings on psychodynamic psychiatry teaching for different medical groups. Overall, the participants felt the sessions were relevant to their training and improved their personal and professional development. Key benefits of the group were highlighted and included increased insight into the emotional and symbolic aspects of the patient's symptoms and clinical issues, team working through cohesion, and the humanity of the doctor in the clinical relationship with the patient. This suggests that the sessions provide a much-needed space to process and reflect on the often-intense demands of clinical work, individually and as a team. The main theme within barriers to the group processes was external in terms of other clinical demands requiring prioritization.

The Impact of Medical Profession Type, Gender, and Years of Experience on Thinking Styles: What Are the Implications for Patient Safety?

Background: Healthcare providers were faced daily with many decision-making that impacted patients’ safety. According to dual process theory, there were two types of thinking: Experiential style (ES) and Rational Style (RS). Both thinking styles had an impact on individuals’ decisions making. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out nurses’ and physicians’ styles of thinking and how this impacted patients’ safety. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Nurses and physicians sample of adults (n = 308), 190 (61.7%) of the sample were nurses and 118 (38.3%) of the sample were physicians. Participants completed a self-report online survey, which included demographic information followed by questionnaires to measure thinking style and a cognitive puzzle to see if the medical error was associated with certain styles of thinking. Results: The main findings were that nurses (M = 2.41, SD = 0.37) had significantly higher scores compared to physicians (M = 2.29, SD = 0.39) in their ES, t(305) = 2.73, p = 0.007; with medium effect size, d = 0.37692. Conclusion: Nurses differed from physicians in ES where nurses had a significantly higher score than physicians which could be positive for patients’ safety as higher ES would report errors compared to lower ES.

Signifying the Effect of Relational and Experiential Cognitive Styles on Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Mediated Moderated Model.

This study investigates the influence of rational and experiential cognitive styles on entrepreneurial behavior. Specifically, the moderating role of entrepreneurial intention and informal learning has been contemplated. Data has been accumulated from 320 undergraduate students of universities situated in Pakistan. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and AMOS have been executed to examine the data and conduct statistical techniques. After confirming the validity and reliability of data and scale, results have signified that both cognitive styles significantly positively impact entrepreneurial behavior. Moreover, informal learning moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and cognitive styles (rational and experiential). Meanwhile, entrepreneurial intention mediates the relationship between cognitive styles (rational and experiential) and entrepreneurial behavior emphatically.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Impulsividad (UPPS-P) en una muestra de adultos argentinos

This study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) in its short version in a sample of Argentinean adults. Its factor structure and internal consistency were explored, as well as its convergent validity with experiential and rational thinking styles, along with psychopathy. At the same time, the relationship of impulsivity with narcissism and Machiavellianism was explored, controlling the scores in psychopathy. An intentional sample of Argentinean adults (N = 517) between 18 and 60 years old (54 % female, mean age 27) was selected. Participants responded on-line to this scale, a sociodemographic inventory, as well as to the Rational Experiential Inventory and the Dark Personality Scale. The results obtained were processed with the programs SPSS 23, Factor 8.10, and AMOS 16.0. The sample was randomly divided into two groups of n = 217 and n = 300. An exploratory factorial analysis was first performed on the first group, as a calibration study. After that, a confirmatory analysis was performed on the second group, as a replication study, since there are no previous studies on this subject in Argentina. A parallel analysis was first carried out with the Factor 8.10 program. A number of replications = 100 and percentile representation of simulations = .95 were used. Regarding the exploratory factor analysis, The Unweighted Least Squares method was used along with a Promin rotation. The final solution showed a structure of four factors: urgency, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance, explaining 56 % of the variance. Each of these factors explained 16 %, 24 %, 10 %, and 6 % of the variance, respectively. The urgency factor included both the positive and negative urgency of the UPPS-P scale. The factor structure revealed is similar to the UPPS, a scale of impulsivity prior to the UPPS-P, made up of four factors. All items on the short scale were retained. Two items loaded better on a different factor. Cronbach's Alphas were adequate, ensuring internal consistency. Cronbach's α of the full scale was .79. Internal consistency was analyzed, resulting in Cronbach's α values of .76 for Emergency; .75 for Sensation Search; .69 for Lack of Premeditation, and .74 for Lack of Perseverance. The resulting Cronbach α values are similar to those of the Spanish version, which presented internal consistencies between .61 and .79. Subsequently, based on the factor structure found, confirmatory factor analysis was carried out on the second group sample. A relatively good fit was found for the model, with CFI and TLI values above .90 and the SRMR and RMSEA below .05. The authors' original model, which includes five factors, was also tested. The fit was less satisfactory compared to the previous model, because of the CFI, TLI, SRMR, and RMSEA indicators, and the difference in ∆ from the models, which was statistically significant at the p &lt; .001 level. Finally, a second-order model was tested with all four dimensions as first-order latent variables and impulsivity as second-order latent variables. The fit was relatively satisfactory, with CFI and TLI above .90 and SRMR and RMSEA below .05. Thus, the present adjustment revealed a second-order factor, as did the English short version of the UPPS-P (Cyders et al., 2014). The scale revealed convergent validity with the scores of psychopathy and the Rational Experiential Inventory. Psychopathy resulted positively related to impulsivity. In turn, the correlations between the dimensions of impulsivity and those of the Rational Experiential Inventory were negative with the rational thinking style -excluding sensation seeking- and positive with the significant ones of the experiential style. Significant partial correlations were observed between machiavellianism and narcissism and different dimensions of impulsivity, controlling psychopathy scores. It is demonstrated that the impulsivity scale in its short version maintains adequate psychometric properties in a sample of Argentinean adults.

Urdu translation, adaptation, and validation of revised Paranormal Belief Scale for Pakistani people

ABSTRACT The aim of the present research was to translate, adapt, and validate the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale for the Pakistani population. By using the standardised procedure the scale was translated and adapted. Four items from the Traditional Religious Belief Subscale (item nos: 1, 8 15, and 22) and Extraordinary Life Forms Subscale (item nos: 6 and 13) were replaced and items # 27, 28, and 29 were added to the Traditional Religious Beliefs Subscale. The scale was administered to 436 participants. Confirmatory factor analysis showed excellent model fit of the data with a seven factor structure. The final model of the scale with 27 items showed good model fit with .42–.79 range of the factor loadings. Alpha coefficient was .91 and reliability of subscales ranged from .77 to .81. Positive correlation of the translated and adapted scale with experiential cognitive style (r = .12, p < .01) provided convergent validity evidence of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale.

Dual‐process cognitive profiles associated with substance abuse and treatment outcomes

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify dual‐process cognitive profiles in an Australian sample and to examine how the profiles were associated with substance use and treatment outcomes.MethodA total of 242 adults were recruited using convenience sampling (n = 123) and from a substance abuse treatment program (n = 119). All participants completed a web‐based survey that included the Rational‐Experiential Inventory and substance use measures. In‐treatment participants also completed treatment outcome measures.ResultsCluster analysis of 242 rational and experiential thinking style scores identified four profiles comprising individuals who reported high rationality and low experientiality, low rationality and high experientiality, high rationality and high experientiality, or low rationality and low experientiality. Profiles that included low rationality reported the highest substance use and were overrepresented by in‐treatment participants. Profiles that included high rationality were associated with the best treatment outcomes, even when accompanied by high experientiality.ConclusionsThese findings are in line with dual‐process theory and suggest that: (a) individuals who are at risk of abusing substances may benefit from strategies that increase cognitive control, and (b) treatment programs may produce better outcomes if they incorporate strategies to increase cognitive control.

Mixed-methods evaluation comparing the impact of two different mindfulness approaches on stress, anxiety and depression in school teachers

ObjectivesThis study compared the impact of two different 8-week mindfulness based courses (.b Foundations and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)), delivered to school teachers, on quantitative (stress, anxiety and depression) and...

Value in tourist experiences: How nature-based experiential styles influence value in climbing

Nature-based adventure experiences constitute a significant segment of the tourism industry and understanding consumers’ conceptualisations of value is crucial. The aim of this study is to understand how the perceived value of the climbing experience differs within the climbing community. Interviews with climbers revealed that multiple aspects of the climbing experience are valued, including efficiency, play, excellence, aesthetics, status, emotion, esteem and authenticity. The results highlight that conceptualisations of value vary with experiential style. The study thus adds to the conversation on what creates value in the climbing experience and how this fluctuates throughout the climbing experience. The study contributes to our understanding of nature-based experiences and to the development and marketing of adventure experiences. The results imply that building a strong climbing image at destinations and being involved in the climbing community represent key issues that contribute to co-creating value in the tourist experience.

Impact of decision style on newsvendor ordering behaviors: mean anchoring, demand chasing and overconfidence

Prior experimental studies have shown that individuals’ actual ordering decisions significantly deviate from theoretically-proved optimums in newsvendor problems. Several ordering behaviors like mean anchoring, demand chasing, reference dependence, mental accounting and overconfidence have been demonstrated to be the main causes for such deviations. However, less attention has been focused on the impact of decision style on ordering behaviors. To address such challenging issue, we conduct a between-subjects experiment and compare decision results between different groups of individuals, who are characterized by their decision styles, i.e., rational style and experiential style, as well as their tendencies to the three typical behaviors, i.e., mean anchoring, demand chasing and overconfidence. We show that individuals with high rational style or low experiential style can make better inventory order decisions. Furthermore, decision style and profit margin conditions are demonstrated to actually affect individuals’ tendencies to mean anchoring, demand chasing and overconfidence, which subsequently affects their order decisions. More importantly, compared to mean anchoring and demand chasing, overconfidence is identified as a dominated factor in affecting the order decisions. This research sheds light on how to select right inventory managers and how to improve their ordering decision performance more efficiently through recognizing the impact of decision style and their behavioral tendencies in different profit margin conditions in the newsvendor problem.

Communicating Conservation Status: How Different Statistical Assessment Criteria Affect Perceptions of Extinction Risk.

Although alternative forms of statistical and verbal information are routinely used to convey species' extinction risk to policymakers and the public, little is known about their effects on audience information processing and risk perceptions. To address this gap in literature, we report on an experiment that was designed to explore how perceptions of extinction risk differ as a function of five different assessment benchmarks (Criteria A-E) used by scientists to classify species within IUCN Red List risk levels (e.g., Critically Endangered, Vulnerable), as well as the role of key individual differences in these effects (e.g., rational and experiential thinking styles, environmental concern). Despite their normative equivalence within the IUCN classification system, results revealed divergent effects of specific assessment criteria: on average, describing extinction risk in terms of proportional population decline over time (Criterion A) and number of remaining individuals (Criterion D) evoked the highest level of perceived risk, whereas the single-event probability of a species becoming extinct (Criterion E) engendered the least perceived risk. Furthermore, participants scoring high in rationality (analytic thinking) were less prone to exhibit these biases compared to those low in rationality. Our findings suggest that despite their equivalence in the eyes of scientific experts, IUCN criteria are indeed capable of engendering different levels of risk perception among lay audiences, effects that carry direct and important implications for those tasked with communicating about conservation status to diverse publics.

Processing fluency: examining its relationship with thinking style and purchase intention

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the relationship between processing fluency and thinking style. In addition to that, the impact of processing fluency on purchase intention will be investigated. Specifically, it is proposed that experiential thinking style induces more fluent processing than rational thinking style. Getting the audience to attend to the ad in an intuitive manner rather than a rule-based manner and presenting them with affective stimuli rather than analytical stimuli increases the fluency experiences. Moreover, it is expected that the processing fluency that is experienced by consumers will influence their purchasing intent. It is suggested that consumer’s level of confidence in their choices mediates the relationship between processing fluency and purchase intent.

Psychometric study of the Rational Experiential Inventory among undergraduate Argentinean students

The Rational Experiential Inventory consist of two large scales (rational and experiential), each one with two subscales (ability and engagement). Their psychometric properties have been studied in several countries, but there are no reports in the Latin American context. In this study we analyzed the factor structure and internal consistency of the Rational Experiential Inventory, and assessed the relationships between processing styles and different personality dimensions in a sample of students from Argentina. The results show an underlying twofactor structure with good internal consistency values. Only one significant relationship between experiential style and extraversion was observed. A version with fewer items was attained and, due to its adequate psychometric properties, this instrument may be used in future research studies.

Investor’s Disposition Error at Emerging Market: Evidence for Experiential and Rational Thinking Styles

This study aims to examine the role of two information processing styles toward investor’s disposition errors. This experimental study used a full factorial design 2 x 2 x 2 (two decision outcomes: negative and positive, two types of action: inaction (hold stock) and action (sell stock), two information processing styles: rational and experiential styles. The subjects in this experiment consisted of 181 participants. The experimental results conclude several important findings. First, there was a significant interaction of information processing styles, types of action, and decision outcomes in shaping degree of participant’s satisfaction/regret in investment decisions. Interestingly, when the decision outcome was negative (actual loss) and type of action was to hold losing stock, degree of regret was higher for subjects who were in an experiential styles than rational thinking styles. Likewise, when decision outcome was positive (missed loss) and type of action was to hold stocks, degree of satisfaction was higher for subjects who were in an experiential style rather than rational thinking styles. Second, the result of this study indicated that the emotion of satisfaction/regret was more predominant on subjects who were in an experiential thinking style than a rational thinking style. This result revealed that disposition error was greater on subjects who were in an experiential style than a rational thinking styles. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5p313

How style, information depth and textual characteristics influence the usefulness of general practitioners' reviews

Online reviews provide increasingly important sources of information for different types of consumer decisions. The gaining popularity of online reviews in the realm of health services implies the need for a better understanding of their role in informed patient decision-making processes. This paper reports a qualitative study that investigates which textual and content elements are related to the perceived usefulness of online reviews for doctors (general practitioners). We investigated 234 online reviews and applied decision tree analysis to find patterns. The findings indicate that readers of online reviews for general practitioners are concerned with the whole content of the review and do not solely look at the valence or rating of a review. Furthermore, it was found that reviews with a more narrative or experiential style were overall perceived as more useful than more fact based or very short reviews.