Experiential Paradigm Research Articles

Consumer brand engagement: Socio-cultural perspective and research avenues

This research highlights the contributions of the socio-cultural approach to the study of the concept of consumer brand engagement (CBE). To this end, an integrative analysis first traces the main research on CBE. It presents its conceptual construction within the relational and experiential paradigms and highlights the limitations of this literature. Second, a socio-cultural reading of CBE helps to address these limitations. We propose eight research avenues, based on two theoretical approaches: (1) understanding CBE through the cultural resources invested in it and the meanings that are at once identity-related, social and ideological and (2) technological tools and immersive experiential frameworks as socio-technical dispositifs. Managerial recommendations are provided in each of these areas of research.

Sustainability in the beer and pub industry during the COVID-19 period: An emerging new normal

The COVID-19 pandemic created significant challenges for the British pub industry, due to the uncertain conditions caused by the virus, changes in consumption patterns and government measures. Studies recommend that organisations adopt innovative and flexible business models to generate added value for customers and other stakeholders as a survival and growth strategy. However, such measures require business ecosystems which encourage co-creative engagement. This qualitative study extends the concept of value co-creation beyond its current boundary as a customer-driven experiential paradigm, reconceptualising it as a driver for societal benefits. Over the period March – December 2020, we carried out in-depth interviews with pub and brewery owners, managers, and customers, combined with netnographic and offline observations of pubs’ engagement with customers. We uncovered three stages of strategies and innovation during this period, which we term ‘survive’, ‘secure’, and ‘sustain’. We demonstrate how multiple stakeholders benefit from the innovations of pubs and breweries negotiating each stage, advancing current scholarship on sustainable value co-creation.

When leisure is a central value for elderly people: a reading from narrative research

Through narrative research, this article analyses elderly people´s leisure in Spain, from the experiential paradigm and a ambination of sincronic and diachronic perspective, which seeks to know the evolution of leisure across lifespan and the impact of past leisure in the current leisure styles. The analysis of the particular case of a 71 years old woman, for whom leisure becomes a central element in her life after her widowhood, contributes to know the psychosocial factors and processes that make leisure a source of well-being and vital engagement among elderly people.

Developing an ACURE to Investigate the Effects of Manganese on Physiological Processes

To engage freshman college students in research and STEM, we will utilize an authentic course-based undergraduate research experience (ACURE) approach through a focused research project. Introducing students to novel research projects within a course setting provides a structured way to expose participants to the process of scientific research. Involvement in the design and implementation of an experiential paradigm promotes creativity among students and encourages them to become more engaged. Through the process of gathering and analyzing data, students will gain a realistic perspective of scientific research. For this class project, we chose to focus on studying the effects of manganese on behavior, neural function and cardiovascular physiology of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and crayfish models. Emerging research has repeatedly demonstrated that overexposure to manganese in humans can lead to acute cardiovascular disorders and a series of symptoms manifesting in a manner similar to that of Parkinson's disease (PD). We have designed the class in order to gain a multifaceted understanding of these effects. To do so, the students will first examine larval crawling rate, mouth hook movement rate, and touch sensitivity of control larvae and larvae exposed to a maximum non-lethal dose of manganese in order to analyze the effect that manganese has on the behavior of D. melanogaster. Then, students will use optogenetics to activate and inactivate dopaminergic neurons in order to compare behavioral responses of the control group to the group exposed to manganese. In doing so, they will be able to gain understanding of another method of scientific investigation and further build upon the variety of data found throughout the study. Manganese also has the potential to block voltage-gated calcium channels of the heart, so the students will additionally study the effect of manganese exposure on D. melanogaster heart rate and rhythmicity in order to demonstrate the effect that manganese can have on other areas of the body. Finally, students will study the synaptic transmission at glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions by observing and recording data from the muscle fibers of both larval D. melanogaster and crayfish. Like the heart, these neuromuscular junctions contain voltage-gated calcium channels, so the students will be able to further explore the various effects of manganese exposure. The utilization of crayfish in this study will allow the students to gain a new perspective of the effect of manganese because of the ability to record crayfish action potentials intracellularly, something that is not possible to study in D. melanogaster. Overall, we believe that this student-driven research approach will promote student engagement and foster a deeper understanding of the scientific process while also widening the breadth of knowledge in the research field.

The Importance and Limits of Experiential Psychotherapy

Experiential therapy focuses on emotions - whether we are talking about negative emotions, such as anger, pain, shame - correlated with past experiences, but also emotions associated with success, self-esteem, or even responsibility. Unlocking already experienced emotions and their subjective experience is the central point of experiential therapy - whether we are talking about the experience of the immediate and the awareness of our own being, or we are talking about "frozen" experiences, to which we have no conscious access outside psychotherapeutic practices. It reconfigures our mental maps by generating behaviors that make sense only in correlation with the understanding of those emotions, that are present in the subconscious but of which we are unaware and are not effectively rationalized. The article aims to analyze the field of application and the therapeutic particularities of experiential psychotherapy as a form of existentialist-humanistic therapy, as well as the limits of the experiential paradigm in a postmodern context.

Why Are International Visitors More Satisfied with the Tourism Experience? The Role of Hedonic Value, Escapism, and Psychic Distance

Previous studies have consistently observed that international visitors are more satisfied with the tourism experience than their domestic counterparts. To date, however, no study has provided empirical evidence of the mechanism that could explain this phenomenon. Building on the experiential paradigm, we conducted two empirical studies (a field study and an online experiment) showing that the reason foreign (vs. domestic) visitors exhibit higher levels of satisfaction lies in the greater hedonic value that these tourists derive from their experience. Moreover, the greater hedonic value observed among international foreign visitors is due to the deeper feeling of escapism they experience by traveling abroad. We also demonstrate that this effect is explained by the concept of psychic distance, whereby going abroad leads to a greater perception of psychic distance, and subsequently escapism, hedonic value, and satisfaction with the tourism experience.

Surgical Considerations and Management Options in Premature and Very Low Birth Weight Infants With Complex Congenital Heart Disease

The purpose of this review is to provide a concise discussion regarding surgical management of infants born pre-term and/or of low birth weight with congenital heart disease (CHD). The following provides a summary of current available experiential data and treatment paradigms that remain in evolution for this high-risk subset of infants. The composite of these findings supports center- and patient-specific decision-making to define the optimal timing and technique utilized for the palliation and definitive surgical treatment of CHD across a spectrum of severity. The following establishes that infants born both pre-term and of low birth weight represent a high-risk surgical cohort with CHD. Despite this increased risk of both morbidity and mortality following surgical palliation or definitive anatomic correction, advancements in prenatal diagnostics, in postnatal resuscitation, and in the conduct of complex neonatal surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass now enable early intervention with improved outcomes and favorable long-term risk of need for re-intervention. Infants of low birth weight and those born pre-term represent a high-risk subset of patients with CHD. Advancements in both surgical technique and the advent of interventional therapies have introduced important considerations that have enabled earlier treatment in a subset of carefully selected patients. Further prospective, well-controlled data are needed to better define the multi-system effects of early surgical intervention in this high-risk patient population.

“The Truth of the Session” and Varieties of Intersubjective Experience: Discussion of Aron and Atlas’s Dramatic Dialogue

If the classical psychoanalytic method can be characterized as one person producing data by way of free association, while the other, after listening with evenly hovering attention, interprets; then—as Aron and Atlas convincingly demonstrate—a more experiential paradigm, unifying an otherwise remarkably heterogeneous collection of post-classical theorists, as well as Ferenczi, is that of two people engaged in a dramatic dialog. In their relational version of dramatic dialog, Aron and Atlas understand an essential dimension of therapeutic action to be that of “generative enactment,” in which the prospective function is as salient as the repetition of past trauma, and in which the intersubjective field itself is both site and mode of dramatic transformation. The analyst follows the patient’s lead in dreaming, playing, dramatizing together. What is jointly created could be called the intersubjective intrapsychic; it’s the dyadic realization of the patient’s intrapsychic world within the analytic relationship. We suggest that alongside this, there is something equally generative in engaging the intersubjective real, by which we mean “what is ignited between you and me”. We look at two cases from Atlas and Aron (2017)and a case of one of ours (RKM) to illustrate both the distinction between the intersubjective intrapsychic and the intersubjective real, and unique therapeutic potentials of the intersubjective real.

Together We Read, Together We Learn: Examining Book Clubs as a Means of Connecting LIS to a Feminist Diversity Ethic


 
 
 This article examines the significance of dialogic exploration of feminist and diversity-orientedtexts in book clubs consisting of Library and Information Science (LIS) master’s students at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Through this research, I sought to achieve an understanding of how participation in book clubs that espouse a feminist or diversity ethic inspire members to create deeper, more insightful connections between these values and LIS. While the two book clubs under study began as separate entities with distinct memberships, participants’ dualmembership increased over time. The initially distinct ideals of each book club—feminism and diversity—coalesced, and a new value schema emerged in common between the two: a feminist diversity ethic. A feminist diversity ethic is a form of intersectional feminism that values experiential knowledge, the multifaceted nature of identity, respectful communication, caring, and orientation toward social justice as a means of dismantling interlocking systems of oppression. In the book clubs, this ethic encouraged the proactive search for exposure to diverse cultural and experiential paradigms through texts and stories of lived experience. Emphasis onthis ethic informed book club members’ approach to LIS in several ways: first, it challenged participants to define diversity and its importance in LIS; second, it fostered the deconstruction of the notion of the other; and third, it enabled participants to actualize a feminist diversity ethic within the structure of the book clubs, thus preparing them to continue this ethic in their future roles as LIS practitioners.
 
 

Evaluating Dance Consumption through the Experiential Value Approach

Purpose – The experiential paradigm has been confirmed as a valuable means to explore and understand people’s consumption of cultural services, thus drawing an increasing interest in the marketing and consumer behavior literature. In this context, consumers’ behavioral decisions are considered not as merely functional but also strongly influenced by emotional dimensions and intrinsic aspects. As consumption of arts is strongly associated with feelings, the experiential approach is a valuable lens for exploring and understanding individuals who consume cultural services. This paper therefore adopts the experiential approach to assess dance as a consumption experience, which is meant to be inter-subjective, i.e. different by demographic profiles. In particular, it analyzes the habits (frequency of attendance, sources of information, motives, and barriers) and attitudes (perceived value and intention) of people towards dance shows, considering different demographic profiles of respondents. Design/Methodology/Approach – An exploratory and descriptive marketing research was undertaken after developing a literature review. The research was conducted through personal survey using a structured questionnaire. Quota sampling (age and gender) was the method used to select the sample, which comprised 672 individuals. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to statistically process the information gathered. Findings and implications – Research results show that major differences regarding the consumption of dance may be explained by gender. Women scored higher on different motives (personal, emotional, learning) for attending such type of plays, while men scored higher on barriers (dislike, other options, misunderstanding). In addition, differences in every item of perceived value of dance were statistically significant, being higher for female survey participants. These results could be of interest to marketing decision makers in adjusting strategies to their target audiences. Limitations – This study only offers a snapshot of the research field examined and is descriptive in nature. Originality – Although the experiential marketing framework can be applied to many different fields thanks to its applicability, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no attempts have been made to research the habits and attitudes associated with the attendance of dance shows. The present paper addresses this issue.

Aged care as a bellwether of future physiotherapy

ABSTRACT Aged care is becoming an increasingly significant feature of health care, but it is not an area physiotherapists have traditionally favored. Aging populations of increasingly chronically ill people represent the most important community of need in health care however, and so physiotherapists risk being marginalized if they do not adapt their practices to meet this growing need. Aged care may therefore represent a testing ground for a new physiotherapy, and the lessons learned in reforming physiotherapy for older adults may extend to all aspects of practice. In this paper, I explore how our current approach to aged care came about, and make the case for change. Having critiqued biomedicine, I also argue that the newer holistic models of health care are equally inadequate, because they attempt to dissolve important philosophical differences between physical, experiential, and social paradigms into an amorphous whole. I argue that these ‘embodied’ models of health make a holistic approach to aged care impossible and, instead, suggest new materialism and object-oriented ontologies as alternative physiotherapy paradigms.

Shaping the vision for service‐learning in language education

Language education has mobilized community‐based service‐learning's (CBSL) experiential paradigm in the United States and in international settings over the past 20 years, with the goal of enhancing the linguistic and communicative competence of language learners and advancing the intercultural competence that is necessary for global citizens to engage with a diverse world. This integration of language learning with local and online community projects has become an area of innovation that critically and reflectively engages diverse language speakers through collaboration. In this article, we take a holistic and critical approach to advance a language education agenda that emphasizes reflective capacity and translingual and transcultural competence, ultimately to build relationships. We begin by contextualizing this progression within the traditions of communal activity and activism for language rights. Since language use is increasingly intertwined with and shaped by migration and immigration, as well as the availability of technology, we also highlight new possibilities for community engagement through language. We discuss these implementations of CBSL, their convergences with ACTFL initiatives for prioritizing language education, and future directions for research.

Toward a better understanding of experience during trips: impact on satisfaction, destination attachment and word-of-mouth

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reinforce the experiential paradigm from which academics and practitioners currently explain consumer decision making in touristic activities. More specifically, this research brings new insights for understanding consumption experience. The aim is to establish the relationships between experience, satisfaction, destination attachment, and word-of-mouth. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a rich literature review on experience concept and its consequences. Besides, a quantitative study was conducted among tourists having chosen a specific destination for their holidays. Data were collected through a questionnaire translated into three languages about a sample of 303 individuals. The methodology consisted of an exploratory phase (SPSS) for establishing scales dimensionality, a structural equation modeling (AMOS) for validating empirically our structural framework, with respect of thresholds and the rigourous analysis methodology. Findings The research has highlighted consequences of experience related by a trip, such as satisfaction, destination attachment, and word-of-mouth. Indeed, intellectual, emotional, and tribal components of experience are significantly related to satisfaction. Intellectual component is also significantly related to destination attachment, and satisfaction generates attachment and word-of-mouth. Research limitations/implications In addition to sample size and study context, it would be interesting to carry out multi-group analyses to observe significant differences in reference to gender, age, or motivation travel. Similarly, observing moderating role of individual variables such as need for cognition, seeking variety, self-exposure, etc., may explain relationship intensity between experience and satisfaction. Originality/value The paper intends to give an understanding of experience consequences. It provides to managers in tourism domain, orientations related to communication and strategies’ content and direction.

Screenness in Experimental Electronica Performances

Abstract Sparked by the deeply contested viewpoints regarding performativity in experimental electronica whereby the laptop plays a central role, and coupled with a critical awareness of our practical and meaningful relationships with laptops, this paper looks at how the presence of the laptop screen has an effect on how people experience music in place and vice versa. As such, in thinking holistically and phenomenologically about screens, I propose “screenness” as an expressive and experiential paradigm in analyzing performances of experimental electronica, examining notable live sets by acclaimed experimental electronica artists Tim Hecker and Holly Herndon.

Experiential tourist shopping value: Adding causality to value dimensions and testing their subjectivity

AbstractPrevious literature on consumer behavior has tackled the experiential approach in retailing services in depth; however, most of the previous studies have concentrated on the simultaneous but not concatenated effects of value dimensions on satisfaction and/or loyalty. Furthermore, tourists' shopping behavior remains an underdeveloped area of study from the experiential perspective. This work explores experiential tourist shopping value, aiming to (a) explain tourists' loyalty to retailers by adding causality to experiential dimensions and (b) prove the subjectivity of these values.After a diachronic and synchronic review of the literature on experiential shopping value, a structural model with a chain of effects consisting of product quality, service quality, self‐esteem and shopping enjoyment on loyalty, and a multidimensional index as a second‐order model were built with partial least squares and tested on a purposive sample of 374 tourists in Valencia (Spain).Our findings revealed a sequential approach to tourists' shopping experiences where utilitarian values led to social and hedonic ones, all of which were antecedents of loyalty to retailers. Furthermore, the index showed differences by gender and nationality. Although our results are context specific, they add to the value creation process as they show a sequence of effects, and a fully subjective value provision, which changes according to demographics.The originality of this work is that it contributes to the suitability of the experiential paradigm in explaining tourists' shopping behavior by promoting interest in this specific, underdeveloped target area, and also by adding causality and proving the subjectivity of experiential value dimensions.

Retail store environment and customer experience: a paradigm

Purpose– The current context of retail is extremely challenging. Retail environments are pushing consumers to appreciate hedonic aspects of consumption. Retailers are finding new ways to offer customers something unique or special in order to encourage traffic to physical stores. People like to touch, feel, smell, taste, inspect, test and try on. It is a holistic approach that involves both emotional and rational triggers (Meyer, 2006, p. 1). The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The basic proposition is that a shopper’s behavior is influenced by the environment. The environment (store) influences a shopper’s emotions and mood, which in turn influence the shopper’s behavior (Ebster and Garaus, 2011, p. 108). Mehrabian found a significant amount of research to back Holbrook’s findings that “emotion is a key link in the shopping experience” determining that consumers’ reactions within stores are based on their emotional states, which are stimulated by store designs (Mehrabian, 1977).Findings– It is important to focus on engaging the customer both emotionally and behaviorally, which means that the communication on social media and physical retail stores should both excel in emotional appeal, and encourage various forms of interaction with the brand. Increasingly, success at retail is less about what the retailer has to sell and more about how they sell it. This is the new experiential paradigm shift in shopping. This will become even more critical in the future as success at retail will continue to shift toward how well retailers play to the emotions, psychology and feelings of the shopper (Danziger, 2006, p. 17). The need whether utilitarian or hedonic carries them to the store but emotions make them stay and shop.Originality/value– Both utilitarian and hedonic experiences – whether they are derived from consuming products or total experience, including products, people, places and the environment – contribute in differing degrees, to the overall experience of consumption.

Education in Regional Anesthesia: The Next Level

The apprenticeship model of teaching procedural skills in regional anesthesia may no longer be effective because of the increasing number of peripheral nerve blocks currently performed. A time-based training program is restrictive, and this is compounded by limitations in duty hours and time pressures concerning operating room efficiency. Forty percent of residents do not fulfill the recommended minimum number of blocks required upon graduation. In this review we discuss the issues with the current apprenticeship model of teaching; how simulation addresses some of these issues, and why the future of regional anesthesia education will be modeled on an experiential competency-based paradigm as opposed to the traditional time-based model.

Allais from Experience: Choice Consistency, Rare Events, and Common Consequences in Repeated Decisions

AbstractThe Allais Paradox is a well‐known bias in which people's preferences result in contradictory choices between two normatively identical gamble pairs. Studies have shown that these preference reversals depend on how information is described and presented. In an experiment, we investigate the Allais gambles in several formats including an experiential paradigm, where participants make selections from two blank buttons and get an outcome as a result of a draw from distributions of outcomes in the selected gamble. Results indicate that a large proportion of Allais reversals are found in the traditional descriptive format, they are reduced when gambles are presented in a descriptive table format, and they disappear when choices are made from experience. Although a majority of participants made consistent choices from experience, the proportion of individual reversals is similar to that of descriptive choices. Detailed analyses of experiential choice suggest interesting behavioral differences between participants classified as consistent and those classified as reversals: consistent participants explore and maximize more than reversal participants. Furthermore, consistent participants demonstrate a different switching behavior after experiencing a rare outcome than do reversal participants. We find that, both, overweighting or underweighting of rare outcomes may occur within the course of an individual's experience; depending on the timing of those experiences, the magnitude of the outcomes observed, and the general accumulated value of the gambles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Walking with intangibles: experiencing organisational learning

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply experiential learning theory to discuss a UK project-based knowledge transfer partnership (KPT) project between a university and a third sector organisation offering outdoor and experiential education for around 32,000 inner city children annually. It uses different models to critically consider how different experiential paradigms or world-views support different understandings of project experience in the real world. It examines the nature of experiential learning through project experience, applying a phenomenological inquiry to reflect on how experiential learning is valued academically and culturally. It considers environmental influences to balance the relational practices that represent intangible experiential elements in partnership work. Design/methodology/approach – Using a postmodern qualitative methodology, this paper applies different frameworks to narrative, a synthesis of data from the project, an interview, literature and reflection to present a critical consideration of experiential learning constructs. It foregrounds the academic value of ethical subjectivity and as such also presents a reflective Feminist auto-ethnographic praxis grounded in the project. Findings – Experiential learning is critical for human inquiry. Valuing experiential learning methods differently offers ethical applications for facilitating project work and partner relationships. Practical implications – Applied experiential learning theory supports organisational understanding in project work. An ethics of subjectivity places equal value on expertise in its own environment leading to a facilitated rather than a hierarchical transfer of knowledge, critical for project success. The project is financially successful and has wide reaching social and environmental impact. Thinking differently about provision means a substantial number of children beyond those physically visiting the organisation will benefit through teacher training. Social implications – The UK government no longer funds outdoor education. This paper demonstrates the importance of fostering environmental relationships for human identity, to support education for sustainable development and wider societal and environmental understandings. Originality/value – Developed through project process this is a new values-based, environmental, organisational and educational transformational approach to partnership. It is useful in education, working in partnership with businesses and ESD.

Contextualizing phenomenology in event management research

Purpose– Although the core phenomenon of events is the experiences and the meanings attached to them, there is limited management research on the experiential, existential and ontological dimensions of events. Phenomenology provides a sound philosophical framework for studying the multifaceted dimensions of experiences and associated meanings of events. However, quite surprisingly, phenomenology has not yet been systematically applied on the event management field. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to introduce phenomenology to the study of events, demonstrate its value for the field and encourage as well as guide its application on event management research.Design/methodology/approach– A review and synthesis of the main phenomenological streams of thought was undertaken in order to develop a research paradigm for the application of phenomenology on the event management field.Findings– The paper explains why phenomenology is needed in the study of events and their management, its conceptual underpinnings and streams of thought and finally suggests a research framework for conducting phenomenological studies in event management.Research limitations/implications– The consequences of the phenomenological perspective are delineated for explaining how the study of event meanings and experiences can be undertaken from this perspective. The limitations of phenomenology are noted such as the emphasis on “lifeworld” subjectivity and subsequent difficulty to claim the generalizability of research findings.Practical implications– The suggested research framework can guide future event management research on how to apply phenomenology to the study of event experiences and meanings. On this basis, practitioners can get insight regarding how to develop and design events that optimize the perceived experiences of attendees.Originality/value– While the experiential paradigm and the phenomenological turn have been spread across many disciplines emphasizing the essence of lived experiences in a variety of human interactions and exchanges, the event management field lags behind. This is unfortunate and has to be addressed as the experiences and meanings shape the essence of events. Therefore, this conceptual paper hopes to inspire, encourage and guide event management researchers to embrace and apply the phenomenological perspective on their future research endeavors, which can profitably complement and expand the predominant research paradigms in the field.