Experiential Functions Research Articles

Can social media platforms be used to foster improved environmental behaviour in recreational fisheries?

Recreational fisheries are notoriously hard to manage, monitor and govern. This often requires managers to think “out of the box” and disregard traditional methodologies designed to manage fisher behaviour. Social media, which is an informal technological scholastic platform for the communication and dissemination of information, has become an important platform for community organisation and engagement in pertinent issues such as conservation, and has great potential for altering the behaviour of fishers. Recreational fishers use a variety of social media platforms to engage, communicate and organise themselves for a variety of reasons, yet its potential for promoting pro-environmental behaviour has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to explore whether user-generated content on Facebook has the potential to encourage pro-environmental behaviour among recreational anglers and to discuss how fisheries managers and scientists can facilitate this process. To do this we monitored angler environmental attitudes and behaviour on a large South African Facebook group, Salt Fishing South Africa (SFSA) (∼ 60,000 members, at the time of the study) and engaged with conceptual frameworks on the use of social media to facilitate pro-environmental behaviour. We found evidence for pro-environmental reform on the SFSA Facebook group, with significantly more catch and release posts, more pro-environmental comments, and improved fish handling practices over time, despite no intervention from fishery scientists or managers. These improvements were most likely attributed to a dedicated, conservation-driven, and well-recognised group administration, who used the informational, relational and experiential functions of Facebook to promote individual, social and contextual pathways for pro-environmental action. Fisheries scientists and managers should consider social media interventions as an important “softer approach” to aid in management of recreational fisheries. The approach should, however, be carefully considered and include the identification and engagement with suitable groups, baseline assessments of attitudes and behaviour to identify areas of concern and the design of interventions specific for social media.

Funktionen der Sprache in der Psychotherapie: Eine qualitative Studie zu subjektiven Theorien der „talking cure“ von Psychotherapeut*innen

Summary Functions of language in psychotherapy: A qualitative study of psychotherapists’ subjective theories of the „talking cure“ Objectives: Psychotherapy is traditionally considered as a „talking cure“. The specific functions of verbal activity, however, are disputed. The present study aims at identifying central therapeutic functions of verbal activity. Methods: In qualitative interviews n = 23 psychotherapists with psychodynamic (n = 12) or behavioral (n = 11) background were interviewed regarding their theories of the „talking cure.“ Based on Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) a category system of therapeutic functions of verbal activity was constructed. Results: The participants described a wide range of relational, experiential, and behavioral functions of verbal activity in psychotherapy. Psychodynamic therapists emphasized relational and experiential functions of verbal activity, while behavioral therapists emphasized behavioral functions. Conclusions: The findings imply that verbal activity fulfills diverse functions in therapeutic contexts. This suggests a basic verbal materiality of many therapeutic techniques and common factors that needs to be specified in subsequent research.

Perceived robotic server qualities and functions explaining customer loyalty in the theme park context

Purpose This paper aims to explore theme park visitors’ attitudes toward interacting with robots and investigated the qualities and functions of robotic servers and their influence on customers’ loyalty. A structural equation modeling approach was used to identify the complex relationships among variables in the entire network. Design/methodology/approach An online survey randomly assigned respondents to four different robotic server scenarios with robots that look like humans, animals, cartoon characters and anime features. The influence of robot types was investigated by manipulating robot type with four different pictures; however, the data were analyzed with a structural equation modeling model to identify the complex relationships rather than one-way analysis of variance to identify influences of robot types on different variables in separate analyzes. Findings The data collected from the 385 experienced theme park visitors revealed that perception of robots with human orientation and safety qualities had the strongest effect on the perceived robotic functionality, while emotions and co-creation qualities hardly had any effect on the perceived functionality, which included utilitarian rather than experiential functions such as excitement. Human orientation qualities, regardless of the specific robotic design, had a significant impact on perceived robotic functionality. The study also revealed a strong positive influence of perceived robotic functionality on customer loyalty. Originality/value The debate of whether or not to introduce and blend the growing robotic technology into the theme park experience is in its infancy. The study contributes to the theory of how robotics qualities and functions can augment customer loyalty.

On the use of the adessive case in Tver Karelian

This study provides a descriptive account of the adessive case in the endangered and scarcely documented Tver Karelian variety of the Karelian language. The investigation provides not only an overview of the many functional uses of the case in question, but also comparisons to Finnish and Estonian, as well as Russian. The adessive case is historically associated with external location but has acquired a wide range of other uses not directly related to location, including temporal, instrumental, possessive, dative, and experiential functions. The case is even used to mark direct and oblique objects of certain verbs. Some of these functions are shared by the adessive case in other Finnic languages, including Finnish and Estonian, while other functions that set Tver Karelian apart from these relatives appear to have developed under the influence of Russian with which the language has a long history of contact.

Verbal groups in Manchu: a systemic functional account

This paper investigates the functional grammar of the Manchu language with a principal focus on verbal groups, based on a folktale in Manchu Veritable Records. The verbal group is positioned as the final structural element of a Manchu clause, involved in creating experiential (event, tense, voice), interpersonal (mood, polarity) and logical (clause and verbal group complexing) functions. Some of the functions are performed at group rank by auxiliaries, some at word rank by suffixation on the event verb. The descriptive account also includes the verbal groups’ involvement in embedding. To facilitate descriptions, system networks are drawn up at various stages to capture the paradigmatic oppositions and interdependencies among different systems. Listed as one of the ‘critically endangered’ languages by UNESCO, the Manchu language has not yet been described, recorded or analyzed from the systemic functional perspective. Within the theoretical framework of systemic functional grammar, this paper attempts to account for one particular aspect of Manchu grammar, in a bid to expand the appliability of Systemic Functional Linguistics and make it contribute effectively to the description and preservation of endangered languages.

EXPERIENTIAL FUNCTION USED BY TUMOING, THE MAIN CHARACTER IN SI TUMOING MANGGORGA ARI SOGOT NOVEL

The study investigates the aplication of Halliday’s theory of experiential function into Batak Toba clauses and to identify the types of experiential functions and the manners in which experiential functions are used by Tumoing in Saut Poltak Tambunan’s novel “Si Tumoing Manggorga Ari Sogot”. The study was conducted to describe type of process, participants function and circumstatial elements of experiential function in the novel. The study applied descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from the utterances produced by the main character. The finding showed there were 6 types of processes, 14 types of participants and 8 circumtances in the dialogues of Tumoing. The dominant type of process was Relational process (35,70 %) while Actor as the dominant type of participant (13, 42 %) and Location as the dominant type of circumtance (48,70 %). The findings also showed that the main character was honest person and friendly person. It’s explained by the relational process i.e using atributing and identifying.

Experimental analysis and modeling of the mechanical behavior of breccia lava in the dam foundation of the Baihetan Hydropower Project

As a type of pyroclastic rock, the breccia lava in the dam foundation of the Baihetan Hydropower Project is characterized by relatively low density, high natural moisture content and porosity, and lower ultrasonic velocity. When it is used as a bearing rock, its mechanical behavior will be critical for the safety and stability of the world’s second largest hydropower station. Therefore, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were performed to study the mechanical behavior of the breccia lava and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests were carried out to reveal the microscopic failure modes of this rock. The experimental results indicated that all critical stresses, including the crack initiation stress (σci), crack damage stress (σcd), and peak stress (σp), exhibit strong dependence on the confining pressure. Experiential functions were used to describe the evolution of the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio with confining pressure. Grain crushing and the growth and frictional sliding of microcracks were determined to cause the failure of the specimens. Based on the experimental results, a coupled elastoplastic damage model was proposed within a thermodynamic framework. In this model, two separate loading functions were employed to describe the damage and plasticity behavior of the breccia lava. A computational integration algorithm with high numerical accuracy and efficiency was developed to deal with the material under three different loading conditions: plasticity, damage, and coupled elastoplastic damage. The model was validated through comparison with the experimental data, and the good agreement between the two datasets confirms that the model can provide a good representation of mechanical behavior, particularly the post-peak behavior of the breccia lava.

Subject in Chinese Existential Constructions: A Systemic Functional Approach

There are different views as to which element in Chinese existential constructions takes the role of Subject, and this has resulted from a lack of clarity with regard to the concept of Subject in Chinese. In this study we look at Subject from a systemic functional perspective. We argue that Subject serves experiential, interpersonal and textual functions at the meaning level of language, and that its identification at the form level should be functionally motivated. Concerning the two types of Chinese existential constructions—existence and appearance/disappearance—we conclude that in either type the pre-Predicator locative element (a nominal group or a prepositional phrase) should be described as the Subject. This is essentially due to the fact that this locative element functions as a Participant Role in the transitivity structure of the clause. And it is also attributed to the fact that Chinese is characterized as having the basic clausal pattern of ‘Subject + Predicator + Complement’. We also make explicit the differences between the sub-classifications of the existence type and those between the existence and the appearance/disappearance type. The major differences lie in their intended meanings: whether existential clauses of a sub-type or a broad type are about a purely static state on their own, about a state of affairs achieved as a result of an action, about a continuing action or even about an existent that appears again in the subsequent text.

Imagining New Social Legal Futures: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Pre-Law Students’ Experiences with Discourse Communities of Legal Practice

This paper considers the ways that concepts such as social justice and law were used as semiotic objects-in-tension by a group of five US undergraduates considering law school to make sense of their ideas about entering the discourse communities and communities of practice associated with being a lawyer. This group was made up of undergraduate women who had completed a summer residency program sponsored by the Law School Admissions Council to increase enrollment of students from under-represented groups. Of the five participants, two were US-born; the others immigrated to the US as teenagers; each was aware of her position as multiply marginalized, by gender as well as other factors, including refugee or immigrant status, religious affiliation, sexual identity, and/or association with “at risk” labeling. Data analyzed reflect a 3-year study of their changing perceptions of their relationships to law school discourse communities, using text, interviews, individual video narratives, and informal, face-to-face group meetings. A sociolinguistic approach to multimodal discourse analysis is used to examine the ways that the women, each in a unique way, articulated an increased investment in direct and embodied engagement, lived experience, and personal testimony—not as supplements to doing/being a lawyer, but as necessary and expected practices therein. Over time and through various modalities, they used their vantage point from outside the dominant discourse communities of law to stage social critique and to contest the binary logic and normative criteria that forge the boundaries of exclusion from and inclusion in these communities. Specifically, they resemiotized notions of being a lawyer from the margins in ways that demanded a more fluid and polysemous interpretation of what it means to do ethically rigorous social justice work—hence reworking the relationships between justice (as an abstract ideal) and the law (as an institutionalized regime) and widening the semiotic potential of their own future work. Particularly significant are the ways that semiotic trajectories progressed from an emphasis on what Halliday identifies as textual (fixed and highly abstract) functions of language to interpersonal (embodied, relational) and ideational (expressive, experiential) functions. Such a trajectory away from entextualization suggests that voices and perspectives from the margins may be using those imaginary margins tactically as sites from which to contest the boundaries that define whose voices count within the legal system and to contest normative limits on semiotic potentialities for lawyers working toward more just social futures.

A EXPANSÃO DO CAMPUS SEDE DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA - RS, SOB O OLHAR DOS SERVIDORES VINCULADOS AO DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS E AO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA

The perception of the landscape transformation of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) is marked by the life stories and the memories of individuals who develop daily activities in this place. The UFSM, thus, is not only composed by an infrastructure in a given spatial area. It is also the result of memories and experiences of persons within study, work and live. Thus, this study aims to understand how the servers attached to the Department of Geosciences and Geography Postgraduate Program, UFSM, perceive the landscape transformation in your Campus headquarters in Santa Maria, RS. To understand the perception of the servers was held an interview with 31% of servers (29). The respondents were chosen by means of a draw, not for the purpose of obtaining an induced sample. It was found that the university landscape, expanding, after the consolidation of REUNI, in the perception of respondents servers, is multifunctional, as it meets the temporal aspects, (accumulation of technical and experiential functions), structural (exemplified in the expansion of the building) and cultural, as new prospects are driven by new characters that make up this landscape. This all aspects leads to the conclusion that the landscape should be analyzed from the social perspective, material, immaterial and cultural.

Predators, stewards, or sportsmen – how do Norwegian hunters perceive their role in carnivore management?

Hunting is increasingly seen as a management strategy in regulating large carnivore populations and reducing conflicts with human interests. A central theme in the carnivore debate is the role of the hunter in simulating natural predation and structuring of ecosystems. We surveyed a sample of Norwegian hunters to examine how they see their role in the ecosystem and to what extent environmental attitudes affect their perceptions of key functions of hunting. The hunters share a positive perception of themselves as responsible and law-abiding actors and important stewards of the ecosystem of great importance to wildlife management. Factor analysis revealed four underlying dimensions of the hunters’ perceptions of salient functions of hunting related to management, recreation, predation, and poaching. Environmental orientation was shown to affect perceptions of recreational and experiential functions of hunting, views on poaching, and perceptions of the stewardship role of hunters. Data on the multifaceted role of hunters can be important in the development of a socially legitimate hunting ethic in the increasingly complex sociopolitical landscape of carnivore management.

Web 2.0 tools and academic literacy development in a US urban school: a case study of a second-grade English language learner

This study explores a second-grade English language learner's literacy development and ability to use blogging for social and academic purposes, in the context of learning academic writing genres in a US urban school. Grounded in sociocultural theories, it conceptualizes learning as appropriation, and language as a dynamic and functional system of semiotic resources. Data included written texts, blog postings, videotaped classroom interactions, informal conversations, interviews, instructional materials, and school documents. Data analysis, using qualitative coding procedures and systemic functional linguistics, focused on appropriation of blogging and language use. The findings show that the child appropriated blogging to gain recognition for his social and academic status among peers and to solve problems. These appropriations enabled the student not only to construct new social relations in and out of the class, but also to have a critical view of linguistic choices, demonstrating emergent knowledge of the interpersonal function of texts and the interrelation between interpersonal and experiential functions. The implications of the study relate to use of Web 2.0 tools for emergent literacy development and conceptualization of digital literacies.

Tool Life Prediction and Cutting Parameter Optimization for Coated Carbide in Ti6Al4V Turning

Ti6Al4V is a difficult to machine alloy with low cutting efficiency and server tool wear. A series of orthogonal turning tests with coated carbide in higher speed scale was carried out on a CA6140 lathe. The experiential functions of tool life based on orthogonal experiment were developed. The tool wear morphologies were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), adhesion, diffusion and micro-chipping were the major wear mechanisms of coated carbide tool. Finally, the cutting parameters of coated carbide tool in Ti6Al4V dry turning were optimized based on tool life-efficiency contour analysis, in same cutting efficiency, the lower cutting speed and larger depth of cut are the better selection in Ti6Al4V turning for coated carbide tool.

‘Perfective paradox’

The toneless aspect mark -guo is generally viewed as a perfective marker with experiential function. It appears to be subject to a number of semantic constraints, such as discontinuity, repeatability or recurrence, reversibility, and indefinite reference. This article demonstrates that ‘experiential’ is only one of the three main local functions of -guo. Crucial to the determination of the local function of a -guo clause is the boundedness of the verb constellation: ‘experiential’ (atelic situation, typically Activity verbs), ‘deresultative’ (telic situation, typically Accomplishment and Achievement verbs), and ‘ex-habitual’ (stative verbs). We will first elucidate these three local functions and clarify various semantic constraints of -guo before examining a small corpus of 300 -guo sentences to ascertain the distribution of its local functions in authentic texts. Then we will analyze how these functions are manifested in other languages. The evidence suggests that -guo is untypical as a perfective marker; rather, cross-linguistically the lexico-grammatical exponents of the experiential, deresultative, and ex-habitual functions suggest that -guo behaves more like a perfect marker, hence the ‘perfective paradox’. This paper is intended to be a contribution to general and contrastive aspectology.

Selection of Tool Materials and Cutting Parameters Optimization for Turning Nickel-Based Powder Metallurgy Superalloy

Powder metallurgy (PM) nickel-based superalloy is regarded as one of the most important aerospace industry materials. A series of turning tests in a wide range of speeds with different inserts were carried out to select the proper tool material. Then, the effect of cutting parameters on the cutting force, cutting temperature and tool wear was investigated for the selected insert. The effect of cutting parameters on the tool wear was examined through SEM and TEM micrographs. The experiential functions of tool life, cutting force and cutting temperature were developed. Finally, the cutting parameters in PM nickel-based superalloy dry turning were optimized based on tool life-efficiency contour analysis. The present approach and results will be helpful for understanding the machinability of PM nickel-based superalloy during dry turning for the manufacturing engineers.

Predictive Tool Life Model of CBN in Ti6Al4V High Speed Turning and Cutting Parameter Optimization

Ti6Al4V is a difficult to machine alloy with low cutting efficiency and server tool wear. A series of orthogonal turning tests with CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) in higher speed scale was carried out on a CA6140 lathe. The experiential functions of tool life based on orthogonal experiment were developed. The tool wear morphologies were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), adhesion, diffusion and micro-chipping were the major wear mechanisms of CBN tool. Finally, the cutting parameters of CBN tool in Ti6Al4V dry turning were optimized based on tool life-efficiency contour analysis, in same cutting efficiency, the higher cutting speed and small depth of cut are the better selection, it means that utilization of CBN tool enables the high cutting speed turning of Ti6Al4V.

Predictive Tool Life Model of CBN in Ti6Al4V High Speed Turning and Cutting Parameter Optimization

Ti6Al4V is a difficult to machine alloy with low cutting efficiency and server tool wear. A series of orthogonal turning tests with CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) in higher speed scale was carried out on a CA6140 lathe. The experiential functions of tool life based on orthogonal experiment were developed. The tool wear morphologies were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), adhesion, diffusion and micro-chipping were the major wear mechanisms of CBN tool. Finally, the cutting parameters of CBN tool in Ti6Al4V dry turning were optimized based on tool life-efficiency contour analysis, in same cutting efficiency, the higher cutting speed and small depth of cut are the better selection, it means that utilization of CBN tool enables the high cutting speed turning of Ti6Al4V.

The Confucian Self and Experiential Spirituality

Since the publication of his book on Zhongyong (Tu 1976), Tu Weiming has worked for more than 30 years on an anthropocosmic reconstruction of the Confucian universe, in which self-transformation is defined both as the starting point and as the necessary vehicle for one’s spiritual journey. This article is primarily intended to examine Tu’s attempts to reconstruct Confucian spirituality but further to take a step forward to argue that in the spiritual world as construed by Confucius and Mencius, the experiential functions as transcendental by which the self initiates and empowers the transformative process. Through exploring the spiritual significance of Confucian experiences, this essay will conclude that although “transcendental experience” is only one of many dimensions in other religious or intellectual traditions, it is the most important path for Confucians by which the self is enabled to become fully integrated with ultimate reality.

Inferring the Meaning of Work From the Effects of Unemployment

Questionnaire data from 148 unemployed individuals were analyzed to investigate the meaning for work. Both economic and experiential functions of work were examined. The data revealed that, as predicted, increasing length of unemployment was associated with increasing economic and experiential deprivation. Economic deprivation, in turn, was associated with both more experiential deprivation and lower subjective well‐being. Unexpectedly, experiential deprivation was not related to subjective well‐being. The results indicate the importance of the economic functions of work in people's lives.