Experiences Of Sexual Harassment Research Articles

Women's Experiences of Sexual Harassment in Online Gaming.

To better understand the types of sexual harassment women experience in online gaming, their labeling of such experiences, and the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim, we surveyed women gamers to inquire about their experiences. Participants were 182 women from North America who played online video games. Overall, 56.6% of participants reported experiencing one or more types of sexual harassment during online gaming. Additionally, 45.6% of participants reported witnessing one or more types of sexual harassment perpetrated against other women. About half (50.5%) of participants who had experienced harassment labeled their own experiences as "sexual harassment," and 42.2% labeled the behaviors that they witnessed against someone else as "sexual harassment." Results speak to the need for prevention interventions to protect women gamers.

The Prevalence of Sexual Harassment and Bullying Among Norwegian Afghanistan Veterans: Does Workplace Harassment Disproportionately Impact the Mental Health and Life Satisfaction of Female Soldiers?

Experiencing sexual harassment and bullying during military service can lead to negative consequences for a soldier's mental health and life satisfaction, including increased risk of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. No studies have to date investigated the prevalence and correlates of sexual harassment and bullying among Norwegian Afghanistan veterans, despite the increased global focus on these topics. In 2020, 6,205 Norwegian Afghanistan veterans (8.3% women) completed an online post-deployment survey, including questions about experiences of sexual harassment, bullying, mental health, and life satisfaction. Compared to their male counterparts, female veterans experienced significantly more sexual harassment and bullying during Afghanistan deployment (3.2% vs. 0.04% for experiencing sexual harassment, and 4.0% vs. 1.0% for bullying) and during other military services (14.3% vs. 0.4% for sexual harassment, and 15.9% vs. 3.7% for bullying). Sexual harassment was associated with younger age and experiencing childhood sexual harassment for both women and men, with men also having longer deployments. Bullying was associated with longer deployments and childhood sexual harassment for women, while men who reported bullying more often had longer deployments, held an officer rank, were less inclined to have a spouse/intimate partner, and reported childhood sexual harassment and bullying. Both sexual harassment and bullying were associated with increased risk of mental health problems and reduced life satisfaction for women, but this was only true for bullying among men. Despite lower reported rates of workplace harassment compared to studies from other cultures, this study demonstrates that sexual harassment and bullying in the military can negatively impact soldiers' mental health and life satisfaction. Notably, female veterans' mental health and life satisfaction appear to be particularly affected by sexual harassment during military service, an association not seen in males. This underscores the need for gender-specific, cultural, and context-sensitive prevention and support for workplace harassment experiences.

MeTooOT: Sexual Harassment Experiences of Occupational Therapy Academics and Implications for Rehabilitation Science

MeTooOT: Sexual Harassment Experiences of Occupational Therapy Academics and Implications for Rehabilitation Science

The myth of equality: Sexual harassment behind a woman’s desk

Sexual harassment is a significant problem in employment but is often underreported. Women are one of the most vulnerable groups to get harassment in the workplace. As well as gender inequality towards women in development, which is caused by patriarchal cultural factors, such as men are always placed above women. Sexual harassment in the work environment does not only refer to physical acts but to unwanted verbal behavior, which makes the victim feel uncomfortable. This study aims to determine the harassment that occurs in the work environment. Besides, this study also aims to show that sexual jokes during breaks, even in meetings or workspaces at a telecommunication company, are considered normal. This study used qualitative methods with five subjects. These subjects are female workers at a company in Surabaya. They were chosen based on their sexual harassment experience. The research used accidental sampling to determine the subject. This study used a semi-structured interview data collection method. This study is analyzed in the theory of power relations. The theory of power relations stands on two things: (1) the power spreads everywhere (dispersed) and cannot be localized, and (2) when there are structures and relationships between people, there is power. The result demonstrated in three founds. There are several sexual harassments that occurred in the work environment, the resistance of female workers, and the challenges they faced in carrying out their work. Sexual harassment that occurs is verbally based and disguised as a joke in the work environment. 

Factor analysis of reporting sexual harassment among students in East Java

Sexual harassment is an act of sexuality in the form of physical or non-physical touching that can occur in various spheres of the environment, such as social or educational. However, not all individuals dare to report acts of sexual harassment. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that may influence the reporting of acts of sexual harassment against students in East Java. This study uses a quantitative and qualitative approach. The research subjects totaled 102 people from a predetermined population using a probability sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that the experience of sexual harassment (sig. of the change 0.000 < 0.05) and cognitive perceptions/opinions (sig. of the change 0.054 > 0.05) are factors that influence the reporting of acts of sexual harassment against students in East Java . This shows that there are many students who have experienced sexual harassment, and the action that is most often taken is to report the perpetrator.

O2: The development of anti-bullying, discrimination, and harassment guidance: A survey among the association of surgeons in training (ASiT) council members

Abstract Introduction Surgical trainees have a reasonable expectation to feel safe and valued in their workplace. Previous reports proved that poor behaviour and misconduct existed in national health system. We aimed to conduct a survey among ASiT council members to identify the need of guidance to report bullying, discrimination, and harassment for trainees who experienced any type of poor behaviour at workplace. Methods Data among executive and council members was collected. Questions were related to trainee demographics, level of training, specialities, experienced, witnessed, or reported poor behaviours including bullying, discrimination and harassment. We asked if participants lacked direction when experienced poor behaviours, if support strategies were needed such as a standardised guidance for reports. Results A total of 58 survey responses were received, 55.17% of participants experienced bullying, 77.58% witnessed it and 67.25% did not report. While 37.93% experienced discrimination, 62.07% witnessed it and 68.97% did not report. A total of 24.14% experienced sexual harassment, was witnessed in 29.69%, 72.41% did not report. Over eighty percent mentioned they need more guidance to support trainees. Almost all participants (98%) agreed that surgical trainees should be made aware of routes for reporting, and 88% agreed that ASiT should develop the guidance to support trainees against poor behaviours. Conclusion Most of the trainees who experienced or witnessed poor behaviours did not report the incidents. A new standardised anti-bullying, anti-discrimination, and anti-harassment guidance was developed based on our study results. We envisage that its use may play a role in eliminating misconducts in surgical training.

Embodied interreligious engagement: Female gendered bodies, reconciliation, and sport in Djibouti

Foreign Christian women in Muslim-majority countries may experience gendered culture shock and various forms of insidious trauma. This is rarely addressed by organizations or individuals yet has a significant impact on women, their communities, and their work by causing a rupture in their concept of self, community, and God. This article argues that participation in sports as intentional embodied interreligious engagement offers potential for Christian and Muslim women to mutually discover valuable resources for reconciling what trauma ruptures, namely their relationship with their own bodies and their communities. The article first establishes the experience of gendered culture shock, sexual harassment, and insidious trauma, and reasons Christians may downplay their impact. It then develops the concept of an incarnational ministry of reconciliation. This is followed by looking at how intentional interreligious engagement must begin on neutral ground and identifies sports as one possibility for embodiment in interreligious engagement. The article concludes with suggestions for further research and ideas for further embodied interaction, moving toward deeper and more intentional interreligious engagement.

Sexual harassment and patterns of symptoms and functional abilities in a psychiatric sample of adolescents

Purpose To investigate how commonly adolescent psychiatric outpatients with symptoms of depression and anxiety report having been subjected to sexual harassment, and to explore how symptoms and functional abilities differ between adolescent psychiatric outpatients with symptoms of depression and anxiety who do report and those who do not report having been subjected to sexual harassment. Methods Swedish adolescent psychiatric outpatients with symptoms of depression or anxiety (n = 324; 66 boys and 258 girls, aged 12–19 years, M = 15.6, SD = 1.7) answered the PROMIS paediatric measures. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess differences between the respondents classified as ‘Sexually harassed’ and ‘Not sexually harassed’ based on these self-report questionnaires. Results About 60% of the adolescents reported having been subjected to sexual harassment, and reported higher levels of suicidal ideation, disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety, depression, anger, and pain interference, as well as lower functional ability in terms of school problems, alcohol consumption, and poor family relationships. Logistic regression analyses showed that the strongest associations were with suicidal ideation, disturbed sleep, anger, and alcohol consumption. Conclusions About 60% of the adolescents in the studied psychiatric cohort reported having been subjected to sexual harassment. Reported experiences were high in all three subtypes, with the most reports on having been subjected to verbal harassment. Clinicians should ask about experiences of sexual harassment and give information about the consequences of sexual violence and treatment options. Alcohol consumption should be addressed and tested for. Structured assessment of suicidality should always be done.

Development and validation of the nurses sexual harassment scale in Iran

IntroductionIn recent years, the prevalence of sexual harassment has become a global problem, and nursing, like other professions, has not been immune to this issue. By having a valid and reliable instrument, healthcare personnel can be helped in preventing and managing this problem and reduce its negative consequences on mental health and well-being. The aim of this study was developing and psychometrically measuring the Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale.Materials and methodsThis study is the second phase of a mixed method study. Initially in the first phase, a qualitative approach with conventional content analysis was used to explain nurses’ experiences of sexual harassment in the workplace. To design the Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale, qualitative data and literature were reviewed. In the quantitative phase (second phase), the target scale was psychometrically evaluated using content validity (14 experts), face validity (12 nurses with being sexually harassed), construct validity (316 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences), and reliability (internal consistency and repeatability).ResultsA 15-item scale with two components: “latent sexual harassment” (9 items) and “manifest sexual harassment” (6 items), which explained 68.4% of the total variance was developed. Also, due to the strong correlation between the Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (r = 0.67), convergent validity was confirmed. Also, the scale of the present study had good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = 0.94, Omega coefficient = 0.94, and ICC = 0.92).ConclusionGiven the importance of sexual harassment among nurses, measuring the dimensions of this problem may allow professionals to plan interventions to prevent it. Overall, the results of the present study showed that the psychometric properties of the " Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale” with 15 items are acceptable and this scale can be used in the clinical environment. A further study within the nursing community is recommended to confirm the findings.

Taking it Like a Man! Reactions of Male Employees to Sexual Harassment in Workplaces

This study investigates how heterosexual working males respond to sexual harassment they encounter at work in an Asian patriarchal culture that prescribes strict gender roles for men and women and supports heterosexual hegemonic masculinity. Using a qualitative research methodology, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 19 men who identified themselves as heterosexual. The findings indicate how the participants have responded to their experiences of sexual harassment, primarily through passivity and avoidance. In addition, on rare occasions, they have also engaged in resistance and reluctant acquiescence. These responses are largely shaped by cultural scripts and ideologies about masculinity and heterosexuality. By acting passively, the participants appear to attempt to preserve and conform to the gendered status quo, protect the perpetrators, avoid rocking the boat and prevent the tables from being turned on them. All in all, the reactions of males to sexual harassment demonstrate how masculinity is actively constructed and maintained in work settings. These findings, therefore, expand and contribute to the broader research area of sexual harassment of heterosexual men in general and, more specifically, to their reactions to sexual harassment in a cultural context that is rarely explored.

‘I’m a troublemaker’: the need to focus on early-career academics’ experiences of sexual harassment in Ireland

The issue of sexual harassment of early-career academics in Ireland has recently been brought to the fore through the mainstream media. Little research has been undertaken, however, on highlighting and documenting such experiences, leading to a lack of awareness and dearth of specifically targeted initiatives for this cohort. The authors, themselves early-career academics, attempt to highlight this problem by sharing data generated through focus group interviews with early-career academics, who reported experiences of sexual harassment in the context of challenges they faced in their work environment. The data presented here are shared to highlight these issues as being more common among early-career academics than believed. The authors call for further research to be undertaken focusing on early-career academics in order to raise awareness of such issues and for more resources to be developed to prevent and respond to sexual harassment and violence in higher education in Ireland.

Child and Adolescent Exposure to Sexual Harassment: Relationship to Gender, Contact Sexual Abuse, and Adult Psychological Symptoms.

In contrast to adults, there is considerably less research on childhood or adolescent exposure to sexual harassment (CAESH), its lasting psychological correlates, and whether such experiences should be included in definitions of childhood sexual abuse. The current study examined the prevalence and symptomatic sequels of unwanted flirting, being "checked out" sexually, unwanted sexual attention, sexual comments, propositions, and related noncontact behaviors that occurred before age 18, as well as the multivariate relationship between CAESH and contact child sexual abuse (C-CSA) in a diverse online sample of 528 individuals. CAESH was very common, with over 95% of women and 64% of men reporting at least one experience of noncontact sexual harassment before age 18. When childhood sexual abuse was operationalized as the presence of either C-CSA or a total CAESH score of 18 or higher (corresponding to an average score of "3-5 times" prior to age 18), the prevalence was 67% for women and 26% for men, more than three times higher than C-CSA alone. This expanded definition was associated with significantly more anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress relative to C-CSA alone. These results suggest that CAESH is a significant source of symptoms in adults and support the emerging perspective that childhood sexual abuse may be best understood as including both contact and noncontact events.

Workplace bullying and sexual harassment at work among hotel housekeepers in the Balearic Islands (Spain).

Hotel housekeepers are close to being a 100% feminized occupational group in Spain. This fact, coupled with some features of the job, places them at high risk of sexual harassment at work and bullying in the workplace. This study aims to explore experiences of sexual harassment at work and workplace bullying among hotel housekeepers in the Balearic Islands. Second, it aims to describe and estimate the prevalence of both phenomena. This is a mixed-methods study. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants, and six focus groups were held with hotel housekeepers. Additionally, a quantitative cross-sectional study (n = 1,043) was undertaken. Most participants in focus groups had been sexually harassed at work. However, they had normalized this kind of situations, not labeling themselves as victims of sexual harassment; and harassment events were seen as unimportant, normal, and unquestioned, as well as being part of their daily work. Hotel housekeepers who were sexually harassed indicated high levels of stress at work and low social support. The prevalence of different workplace bullying behaviors was quite high among hotel housekeepers working in the Balearic Islands. Some were associated with poorer self-rated health, less satisfaction with the job and the salary, lower social support, and higher levels of stress. Despite this, qualitative methods informed us that less severe behaviors were normalized and perceived by hotel housekeepers as intrinsic to their job. The results show the high tolerance to less severe expressions of sexual harassment at work and workplace bullying, as well as difficulties in or reluctance to labeling this kind of experiences as such.

Why Print Was an Excellent Conceptual Vehicle for my Project ‘Speak Up’

“I give away my power. In side-stepping, in not calling out the sexist remarks, I act as if they are in the right, I act as if women should not have voices, and I act as if I am not a feminist.” (Pine, 2019. p.188)
 Influenced by the continual sharing amongst my friends and colleagues of experiences of sexism, sexual harassment and assault happening to us in public where no one spoke up at the time, my MA major project, ‘Speak Up’, used a feminist methodology to research the reasons why we don’t speak up when these incidents occur. It concluded by both representing these incidents and why they weren’t called out in print-based artworks, with the intention of prompting dialogue.
 This paper will explore the hypothesis that print was an excellent ‘conceptual vehicle’ (Harding, 2013. p.107) for this project.

“Just Shut Up and Take It”: South African University Students on Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment and gender-based violence have become pervasive and normal within South African society. This trend is of grave concern at colleges and universities. Drawing on the social construction of the gender theory approach, this study explored the perceptions and experiences of sexual harassment among students at a South African university. The nature and causes of sexual harassment were examined. Twenty undergraduate students—twelve females, five males, one queer and two bisexual students—participated in this study. Data was generated using individual interviews and focus group discussions. Sexual harassment was prevalent at the university in the form of verbal, non-verbal and physical harassment. We argue that harassment stems from broader constructs of masculinity and patriarchal power that challenge and effectively silence victims. Non-reporting of harassment largely sanctions sexual harassment at the university. Female students were the main victims of gender-based violence with male students being the main perpetrators. LGBTQIA students were found to be vulnerable to harassment, mainly because of their sexual preference. The study revealed the need to create better awareness of what constitutes sexual harassment and gender-based violence and suggests that victims, perpetrators and university staff collaborate to tackle the scourge. We propose the necessity for focused and ongoing education and awareness campaigns on campus.

“If This Is What Working in Sports Is, I Want Absolutely No Part of It”: Women’s Experiences With Sexual Harassment in Sport Organizations

There is a plethora of recent examples from the sport industry that situate sport organizations as contributing to sexual violence against women (e.g., Phoenix Suns, Nike). Though research has shown that these issues exist in sport, little work has focused on the impacts of gender-based violence and sexual harassment. Therefore, utilizing gender regimes as our conceptual framework, we explored how experiences of gender-based violence and sexual harassment within sport organizations work to perpetuate the gender inequality in sport workplaces. Findings illustrate the influence of a multilevel relationship to the gender-based violence and sexual harassment experienced by women is impacted by the presence of gender regimes and use of containment strategies to conceal this abuse. Thus, we argue that institutional-level failures to protect women represent organizational success, which reinforces gender regimes and the purposeful containment of these incidents maintains the gender/power hierarchy.

Hidden in plain sight for too long: Using text mining techniques to shine a light on workplace sexism and sexual harassment.

Objective: The goal of this study is to understand how people experience sexism and sexual harassment in the workplace by discovering themes in 2,362 experiences posted on the Everyday Sexism Project's website this http URL. Method: This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative method was a computational framework to collect and analyze a large number of workplace sexual harassment experiences. The qualitative method was the analysis of the topics generated by a text mining method. Results: Twenty-three topics were coded and then grouped into three overarching themes from the sex discrimination and sexual harassment literature. The Sex Discrimination theme included experiences in which women were treated unfavorably due to their sex, such as being passed over for promotion, denied opportunities, paid less than men, and ignored or talked over in meetings. The Sex Discrimination and Gender harassment theme included stories about sex discrimination and gender harassment, such as sexist hostility behaviors ranging from insults and jokes invoking misogynistic stereotypes to bullying behavior. The last theme, Unwanted Sexual Attention, contained stories describing sexual comments and behaviors used to degrade women. Unwanted touching was the highest weighted topic, indicating how common it was for website users to endure being touched, hugged or kissed, groped, and grabbed. Conclusions: This study illustrates how researchers can use automatic processes to go beyond the limits of traditional research methods and investigate naturally occurring large scale datasets on the internet to achieve a better understanding of everyday workplace sexism experiences.

Impact of exposure to workplace sexual harassment on wellbeing among Ghanaian nurses: The role of resilience and conflict resolution climate

Workplace sexual harassment is a pervasive issue with profound consequences for individuals' psychological wellbeing. This study investigates the impact of exposure to sexual harassment on nurses’ psychological wellbeing. The study further examines the role of resilience and conflict resolution climate in the exposure to sexual harassment – nurses’ psychological wellbeing relationship. A sample of 343 employed individuals completed measures of sexual harassment experiences, psychological wellbeing, resilience, and conflict resolution climate. Results revealed that sexual harassment was significantly and negatively associated with psychological wellbeing. Additionally, resilience mediated the relationship between sexual harassment and psychological wellbeing. However, contrary to expectations, the conflict resolution climate did not moderate the relationship between sexual harassment and psychological wellbeing. The study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the mechanisms through which sexual harassment affects individuals' wellbeing and emphasizes the significance of resilience as a protective factor. Practical implications are discussed in terms of supporting individuals who experience sexual harassment and promoting healthier work environments.

Sexual harassment and psychological distress experienced by women police: The role of embitterment and psychological contract breach

Abstract Despite decades of workplace interventions, often focussed on increasing women police numbers, women continue to be under-represented in policing. Understanding the experiences of women once they have entered policing has been an area of ongoing interest. Examination of the experiences of women police is often undertaken with reference to its masculinized culture. Stemming from these discussions, sexual harassment remains a persistent concern across many police agencies. This study involves 491 women police employed in one large Australian, state police organization. Derived from the study findings, the concepts of psychological contract breach (PCB) and embitterment, two factors that have been rarely studied in policing, are critical to understanding the relationship between sexual harassment and psychological distress. Using mediated regression analysis, the research found PCB and embitterment provide a more nuanced explanation of outcomes of sexual harassment experiences and in turn, provided insight into why sexual harassment is associated with greater psychological distress. This research positions police agencies and their leaders to develop and implement more effective support strategies for women police who have experienced sexual harassment and mitigate negative psychological health impacts that may result.

Variation by Institution in Sexual Harassment Experiences Among US Medical Interns

This cross-sectional study investigates possible institutional and specialty variations in experiences of sexual harassment among US medical interns.