Experiences Of Caring For People Research Articles

Primary caregivers’ experiences of caring for people living with dementia in Ghana: a phenomenological study

BackgroundDementia is often associated with functional impairments that limit the independence of persons living with dementia (PwD). As such, many PwD often require a higher level of support provided by persons referred to as caregivers. Such caregiving activities tend to strain and stress the caregiver. Nonetheless, Ghana lacks empirical evidence and understanding of the effects of caring for PwD on the lives of primary caregivers. To help narrow this knowledge gap, we explored the perspectives of primary caregivers about the impacts of caring for PwD in Ghana.MethodsUsing a descriptive phenomenological design, we conducted in-depth interviews with primary caregivers in the Ashanti region, Ghana. A semi-structured interview guide was used as the data collection instrument. The data analysis followed Collazi’s thematic analysis framework. All coding and categorization were done in NVivo-12.ResultsFive themes emerged from the analysis. These themes included (a) sacrifice of personal interests, and time commitments; (b) financial strain and negative impact on job; (c) feelings of stress and burnout; (d) experience of abuse and stigma; and (e) perceived blessing of caregiving.ConclusionThe study’s findings resonate with existing literature, highlighting the consistent struggles faced by caregivers. Sacrificing personal interests, navigating financial strains, and grappling with stress and burnout emerged as pervasive themes. We conclude that despite the negative impacts of caring for PwD, caregivers perceived their role as associated with blessings, deriving positive meaning and fulfilment from their caregiving journey. This study underscores a need to build more compassionate communities in rural settings of Ghana.

Exploring nurses’ experiences of caring for people who inject drugs with a physical health condition: an integrative literature review

Exploring nurses’ experiences of caring for people who inject drugs with a physical health condition: an integrative literature review

“What have YOU done in the past few years?” Deaf BSL users’ experiences of caring for people with dementia during COVID-19

PurposeDeaf people, who are British Sign Language (BSL) users, are, at times, carers for their parent or spouse when they have dementia. This can be a challenging role for the wider population, but if the common language in service provision is not one you share, then this care can be impacted by the lack of formal structures that support the Deaf caring role. This study aims to explore the experiences of Deaf carers supporting people with dementia, in an unpaid role, during the COVID-19 pandemic to understand more about their potential support preferences.Design/methodology/approachOnline interviews with seven Deaf carers sharing their experiences of supporting their family member with dementia happened during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to qualitatively examine each Deaf carers’ stories.FindingsFindings included Deaf carers’ lack of access to information, surrendering their autonomy to hearing family members to communicate with health-care professionals, with overarching isolation within local communities and online. Findings show a widespread infrastructural failure to meet the linguistic and specific support needs of this minority population.Research limitations/implicationsSeven Deaf carers took part in this study. This means the findings may not be generalisable.Practical implicationsHealth-care professionals and social care structures need to develop robust clear communication pathways for Deaf carers to receive the support needed to provide effective care.Social implicationsIf health-care professionals undertake training about Deaf people and BSL, that will mean Deaf carers will receive effective support to be able to care for a person living with dementia. This means that their Deaf identity will be recognised within the mainstream and the care provided will be much more effective for the person with dementia.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, these are the first interviews undertaken with Deaf carers of people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent lockdowns. Understanding everyday barriers and social care limitations in terms of language access will enable Deaf carers to assert their rights and for care professionals to adapt their communication to match the individuals involved in the care package.

Clinicians' experiences of caring for people brought in by police to the emergency department: A qualitative interpretive study.

To explore nurses' and doctors' experiences of providing care to people brought in by police (BIBP) to the emergency department (ED). A qualitative interpretive study using in-depth individual interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses and doctors who worked in various EDs in one Australian state and were involved in the care of people BIBP. Interviews were undertaken between May and October 2022 and focused on the structures (i.e., what), processes (i.e., how) and outcomes of care for people BIBP. Data were analysed using deductive and then inductive content analysis. Nine nurses and eight doctors were interviewed. Structures described by participants included human structures (staff) and organizational structures (areas for assessment, involuntary assessment orders, investigations, chemical/physical restraints). For processes, participants described practices including risk/mental health assessments, legal considerations, and increased/decreased levels of care compared to other presentations. Communication processes were largely between police and health care staff. Service outcomes pertained to discharge location (custody, community, hospital admission) and length of stay. The current care delivery for people BIBP to the ED is unique and complex, often occurring in high traffic, resource-intensive areas. There is a need to strengthen structures and processes, to improve service outcomes. Understanding the care requirements for people brought into ED by police enables the delivery of targeted care alongside appropriate resource allocation. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the health care requirements for people BIBP to EDs. Interventions delivered in the ED to support health care delivery for people BIBP and foster clinician and police relationships are required to optimize patient and health service outcomes. This study adheres to the COREQ checklist (TableS1) of the EQUATOR guidelines. This study focused on ED staff experiences.

The experiences of people with liver disease of palliative and end-of-life care in the United Kingdom-A systematic literature review and metasynthesis.

Liver disease is a growing health concern and a major cause of death. It causes multiple symptoms, including financial, psychological and social issues. To address these challenges, palliative care can support people alongside active treatment, and towards the end of life, but little is known about the care experiences of individuals with liver disease in the United Kingdom. This review aimed to explore the palliative and end-of-life care experiences of people with liver disease in the United Kingdom. A systematic review was conducted using a five-stage process and following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. Searches were across Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO and grey literature until 10 May 2023. The review was registered through International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). NVivo 12.5 was used to facilitate data analysis (systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022382649). Of 6035 papers (excluding duplicates) found from searches, five met the inclusion criteria of primary research related to adults with liver disease receiving palliative and/or end-of-life care in the United Kingdom, published in English. Reflexive thematic analysis of the data was conducted. The themes identified were the experiences of people with liver disease of relating to healthcare professionals, using services, receiving support, and experiences of information and communication. These were connected by an overarching concept of disempowerment versus empowerment, with the notion of person-centred care as an important feature. This review has found variations in the care experiences of people with advanced liver disease towards the end of life and an overall lack of access to specialist palliative care services. Where services are designed to be person-centred, experiences are more empowering. Further research is needed but with recognition that it is often unclear when care for people with liver disease is palliative or end-of-life. An online public involvement workshop was held on 18 April 2023 through Voice (2023). This included four people with liver disease and four carers to discuss the review findings and to design a qualitative research study to further explore the topic.

Understanding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care experiences of people with mental-physical multimorbidity: protocol for a mixed methods study.

Primary care and other health services have been disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet the consequences of these service disruptions on patients' care experiences remain largely unstudied. People with mental-physical multimorbidity are vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic, and to sudden service disruptions. It is thus essential to better understand how their care experiences have been impacted by the current pandemic. This study aims to improve understanding of the care experiences of people with mental-physical multimorbidity during the pandemic and identify strategies to enhance these experiences. We will conduct a mixed-methods study with multi-phase approach involving four distinct phases. Phase 1 will be a qualitative descriptive study in which we interview individuals with mental-physical multimorbidity and health professionals in order to explore the impacts of the pandemic on care experiences, as well as their perspectives on how care can be improved. The results of this phase will inform the design of study phases 2 and 3. Phase 2 will involve journey mapping exercises with a sub-group of participants with mental-physical multimorbidity to visually map out their care interactions and experiences over time and the critical moments that shaped their experiences. Phase 3 will involve an online, cross-sectional survey of care experiences administered to a larger group of people with mental disorders and/or chronic physical conditions. In phase 4, deliberative dialogues will be held with key partners to discuss and plan strategies for improving the delivery of care to people with mental-physical multimorbidity. Pre-dialogue workshops will enable us to synthesize an prepare the results from the previous three study phases. Our study results will generate much needed evidence of the positive and negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care experiences of people with mental-physical multimorbidity and shed light on strategies that could improve care quality and experiences.

Caregivers experiences of caring for people with intellectual disability and dementia: a qualitative evidence synthesis

PurposeA systematic review of the literature was completed to examine the needs of those who provide care to people with intellectual disability and dementia. The purpose of this paper was to develop an understanding of the complexities, challenges and support available to meet the needs of an ageing population.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative evidence synthesis was used to appraise 12 studies. An evidence synthesis approach was used to better understand the challenges caregivers experience in caring for a person with intellectual disability and dementia. Aggregating and integrating findings from multiple studies allowed to identify inconsistencies, quality, relationships and trends to enhance the awareness of gaps in care provision.FindingsThere were six main domains identified from the available literature which included: gaps in knowledge and skills, early identification of dementia and associated difficulties, managing behaviour, coping, burden of care and Impact on confidence.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to use qualitative evidence synthesis to understand the challenges of caring for a person with intellectual disability and dementia.

Understanding the cultural environment of the outpatient care setting for patients with dementia receiving cancer treatment: A qualitative study.

People with dementia have poorer cancer outcomes than those without dementia, and experience inequalities in access to, and quality of, care. Outpatient environments, where radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy cancer treatments typically take place, have largely been excluded from research. This study was conducted to understand provision of treatment and support and experiences of care for people with dementia undergoing cancer treatment in the outpatient setting. Using observation, interviews and document analysis, data were collected to scrutinize the cultural environment of ambulatory care, comprising the physical fabric of the care setting; interactions, behaviours and perceptions of those in the care setting; and the organizational, clinical and interactional processes involved in care delivery. The study was conducted in the outpatient oncology departments of two large teaching hospitals in England between January 2019 and July 2021. Data were gathered from a wide range of sources, including 15 h of observation, and interviews with patients (n = 2), caregivers (n = 7) and staff (n = 20). Evidence from this study suggests that the cultural environment of the outpatient care setting reflects and supports the standardized processing of people for cancer treatment. Dementia introduces a wider set of care requirements not catered for by this standardized treatment model and associated processes. Data showed that the needs of patients with dementia could be addressed most effectively when individualized care, as opposed to standardized care, was offered. There is work to be done in outpatient cancer services to ensure responsiveness to individual patient need. This could be achieved by having an established way (or ways) of eliciting needs, preferences and expectations, a belief that a person's needs and expectations are legitimate and that effort should be made to address them, with the ability to accommodate these needs and expectations. Patients and caregivers were involved in the study design and development of study materials including the interview topic guide. They also assisted with discussion and clarification of study findings.

Long-term care staff 's positive experiences of caring for people living with dementia: Narratives' content and lessons learned.

Research on caregiving for persons with dementia has mainly focused on its negative impact on caregivers. However, while some studies have found that positive aspects of care can also be found among informal caregivers, little attention has been paid to these positive aspects among staff working in long-term care facilities. The aim of this is study is to explore what kind of positive stories of caring for a person living with dementia staff working in long-term care facilities recall, and what kind of lessons they extracted from these experiences. Forty-two staff members currently working in four Spanish long-term care facilities (21 nursing assistants; 21 technical staff) were interviewed. They were asked about positive stories related to caring for people living with dementia. Data were analyzed using content analysis, aimed at identifying common ideas in the responses. Results showed that the type of stories were quite diverse, but can be grouped into three main themes: attachment, awakening, and mastery. The stories imply different lessons learned, including the importance of individualized care, the value of persistence and patience, and the relevance of technical knowledge and strategies to provide good care. The articles discusses how recording, reflecting on and discussing positive experiences that care staff encounter in their daily practice, may be key to skill development, reinforce job satisfaction, and improve quality of care in a person-centered care direction.

Optimising communication for people with dementia

Journal of Paramedic PracticeVol. 14, No. 5 CommentOptimising communication for people with dementiaRobyn PaintingRobyn PaintingEmail:E-mail Address: [email protected]Paramedic, South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UKSearch for more papers by this authorRobyn PaintingPublished Online:11 May 2022https://doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2022.14.5.214AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References Association of Ambulance Chief Executives. UK ambulance services clinical practice guidelines 2016. 5th edn. Version 1.4. Bridgewater: Class Professional Publishing; 2016 Bach SGrant A. Communication and Interpersonal Skills in Nursing. 3rd edn. London: SAGE Publications; 2015 Google ScholarBradford A, Kunik M, Schulz P, Williams S, Singh H. Missed and Delayed Diagnosis of Dementia in Primary Care: Prevalence and Contributing Factors. 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Standards of proficiency. 2014. https://www.hcpc-uk.org/standards/standards-of-proficiency/paramedics/ (accessed 27 April 2022) Google ScholarHerman R, Williams K. Elderspeak's influence on resistiveness to care: focus on behavioural events. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2009;24(5):417–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317509341949 Crossref, Google ScholarHolt-Lunstad J, Smith T, Layton J. Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. PLoS Med J. 2010;7(7):e1000316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316. Crossref, Google ScholarInstitute for Healthcare Communication. Impact of Communication in Healthcare. 2011. https://healthcarecomm.org/about-us/impact-of-communication-in-healthcare/ (accessed 27 April 2022) Google ScholarJootun D, McGhee G. Effective Communication with People who have Dementia’, Nurs Stand. 2011;40(6):40–46. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.02.25.25.40.c8347 Crossref, Google ScholarLang E. A Better Patient Experience Through Better Communication’, J Radiol Nurs. 2012;31(4):114–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jradnu.2012.08.001 Crossref, Google ScholarLombardi N, Buchanan J, Afierbach S, Campana K, Sattler A, Lai D. Is elderspeak appropriate? A survey of certified nursing assistants. J Gerontol Nurs. 2014;40(11):44–52. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20140407-02 Crossref, Google ScholarMiller L. Effective communication with older people. Nurs Stand. 2002;17(9):45–50. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2002.11.17.9.45.c3298 Crossref, Google ScholarNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Patient experience in adult NHS services: improving the experience of care for people using adult NHS services [CG138]. https://www.nice.org.uk/Guidance/CG138 (accessed 27 April 2022) Google ScholarSavundranayagam M, Moore-Nielsen K. Language-based communication strategies that support person-centred communication with persons with dementia. 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Dementia: key facts. 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia (accessed 27 April 2022) Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2 May 2022Volume 14Issue 5ISSN (print): 1759-1376ISSN (online): 2041-9457 Metrics History Published online 11 May 2022 Published in print 2 May 2022 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download

A qualitative investigation of the supportive care experiences of people living with pancreatic and oesophagogastric cancer

BackgroundPancreatic and oesophagogastric (OG) cancers have a dismal prognosis and high symptom burden, with supportive care forming an integral component of the care provided to patients. This study aimed to explore the supportive care experiences of patients and caregivers living with pancreatic and OG cancers in order to identify perceived opportunities for improvement.MethodsSemi-structured individual interviews were conducted with people living with pancreatic and OG cancers, and their caregivers, across Victoria, Australia during 2020. Interviews were thematically analysed to identify common themes.ResultsForty-one participants were interviewed, including 30 patients and 11 caregivers. Three overarching themes, each with multiple sub-themes, were identified: (i) inadequate support for symptoms and issues across the cancer journey (ii) caregiver’s desire for greater support, and (iii) a multidisciplinary care team is the hallmark of a positive supportive care experience. Generally, those who had access to a cancer care coordinator and/or a palliative care team recounted more positive supportive care experiences.ConclusionUnmet needs are prevalent across the pancreatic and OG cancer journey, with supportive care provided to varying levels of satisfaction. Greater awareness of and access to high-quality multidisciplinary support services is greatly desired by both patients with pancreatic and OG cancer and their caregivers.

“I didn’t want to remember memories of caring, but I can’t help it”: A qualitative study of the experiences of bereaved Iranian carers with elevated levels of prolonged grief symptoms

The lived experience of caring for people with cancer and the influence of culture on Iranian carers who have elevated levels of prolonged grief symptoms after the death has received little in-depth attention. Bereaved carers (N = 17) were interviewed. All showed high levels of prolonged grief symptoms. Thematic analysis resulted in four overarching themes: unfamiliarity with cancer, high involvement in carer’s role, lack of processing events, and emptiness. The way that carers of cancer patients understand and cope with their caring role and their dominant cultural context can make their grieving process complex.

Systemic safety inequities for people with learning disabilities: a qualitative integrative analysis of the experiences of English health and social care for people with learning disabilities, their families and carers

BackgroundFailures in care for people with learning disabilities have been repeatedly highlighted and remain an international issue, exemplified by a disparity in premature death due to poor quality and unsafe care. This needs urgent attention. Therefore, the aim of the study was to understand the care experiences of people with learning disabilities, and explore the potential patient safety issues they, their carers and families raised.MethodsTwo data sources exploring the lived experience of care for people with learning disabilities were synthesised using an integrative approach, and explored using reflexive thematic analysis. This comprised two focus groups with a total of 13 people with learning disabilities and supportive staff, and 377 narratives posted publicly via the feedback platform Care Opinion.ResultsThe qualitative exploration highlighted three key themes. Firstly, health and social care systems operated with varying levels of rigidity. This contributed to an inability to effectively cater to; complex and individualised care needs, written and verbal communication needs and needs for adequate time and space. Secondly, there were various gaps and traps within systems for this population. This highlighted the importance of care continuity, interoperability and attending to the variation in support provision from professionals. Finally, essential ‘dependency work’ was reliant upon social capital and fulfilled by paid and unpaid caring roles to divergent extents, however, advocacy provided an additional supportive safety net.ConclusionsA series of safety inequities have been identified for people with learning disabilities, alongside potential protective buffers. These include; access to social support and advocacy, a malleable system able to accommodate for individualised care and communication needs, adequate staffing levels, sufficient learning disabilities expertise within and between care settings, and the interoperability of safety initiatives. In order to attend to the safety inequities for this population, these factors need to be considered at a policy and organisational level, spanning across health and social care systems. Findings have wide ranging implications for those with learning disabilities, their carers and families and health and social care providers, with the potential for international learning more widely.

Policy recommendations from the perspective of health professionals who work with people with dementia in public tertiary hospitals in China

AbstractBackgroundChina has the largest number of people with dementia in the world. However, there is currently no specific national policy or plan related to dementia care in China. Health professionals working in public tertiary hospitals are the primary sources of diagnosis and treatment of people with dementia. They are very familiar with this population and are in the best position to provide information to inform policymakers. The purpose of this study was to explore health professionals’ policy recommendations on dementia care in China.MethodA qualitative study using thematic analysis with ATLAS.ti software was used. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews using an interview guide were employed. Purposive maximum variation sampling was used to recruit health professionals working in settings where people with dementia are cared for in public tertiary hospitals (i.e., neurology, psychiatric, and geriatric departments) and who have more than six months’ experience of caring for people with dementia. Data was collected between July and December 2019 in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and translated form Mandarin into English, and then analyzed into categories and themes. Ethical approval was obtained from the University Human Research Ethics Committee (2019/269) and hospitals as required.ResultTwenty‐four participants were recruited from three public tertiary hospitals. Four themes emerged. Participants described that the medical treatment and care provided in China was not meeting the needs of people with dementia. Daycare centers and specialized nursing homes for people with dementia were recommended as a means to support family caregivers. Participants also identified low public awareness of dementia. To improve this, participants suggested that training in dementia care should be provided to family caregivers and health professionals. Setting up dementia curricula in universities was also recommended by participants.ConclusionChina is not adequately equipped to deal with the challenges of dementia care. An integrated health system is urgently needed in China, where policymakers and stakeholders work collaboratively for the formulation of effective treatment and care strategies for people with dementia.

Impact of settings and culture on nurses' knowledge of and attitudes and perceptions towards people with dementia: An integrative literature review.

BackgroundWell‐trained nurses are required to support dementia patients; however, the quality of the provided dementia nursing care can be impacted by nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards people with dementia.AimTo obtain an overview of the current nursing practice towards people with dementia around the world.DesignAn integrated literature review was conducted based on Whittemore and Knafl's method.ResultsA total of 72 articles met the inclusion criteria. Three main themes were identified: (1) nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards dementia; (2) nursing experience of caring for people with dementia in acute and community care settings; and (3) dementia nursing care across health regions.ConclusionNurses play the role of facilitators in the efficient delivery of quality care for dementia patients. A variety of attitudes and perceptions towards people with dementia were found to be triggered by the severity of dementia, religion, ethnicity and gender.Implications for practiceHealthcare organisations and educational settings need to coordinate and function together to improve nurses’ knowledge and encourage positive attitudes towards people with dementia.

Optimising the health-care experiences of babies, children, and young people

The views of children and young people are too often missing from discussions about their care. The 2021 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline on babies, children, and young people's experience of health care aims to optimise the health-care experiences of these populations and ultimately improve their health outcomes and wellbeing. 1 National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceBabies, children and young people's experience of healthcare NICE guideline (NG204). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng204Date: Aug 25, 2021 Date accessed: August 31, 2021 Google Scholar Given that almost 10 years have passed since parallel guidelines were published on adults' experiences of health care, 2 National Institute for Health and Care ExcellencePatient experience in adult NHS services: improving the experience of care for people using adult NHS services: clinical guideline. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg138Date: February, 2012 Date accessed: August 31, 2021 Google Scholar this new guideline for babies, children, and young people in the UK who access the National Health Service (NHS) or local authority commissioned health-care services is welcome, if overdue. The guidance is particularly important because children and young people report less positively about their experiences of inpatient care than their parents, including feeling safe, pain relief, privacy, and involvement in decisions. 3 Hargreaves DS Sizmur S Pitchforth J et al. Children and young people's versus parents' responses in an English national inpatient survey. Arch Dis Childhood. 2018; 103: 486-491 Crossref PubMed Scopus (18) Google Scholar

Qualitative Meta-synthesis of Nurses' Caring Experience for People with Dementia

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to synthesize and integrate the results of qualitative studies on nurses' experience caring for people with dementia.Methods: We followed Noblit and Hare’s seven step of meta-ethnography to synthesize qualitative studies. Six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, RISS, National Assembly Library, KCI) were used to search for literatures that explored the nurses’ experience of caring for people with dementia. Based on the criteria, nine studies were included for the synthesis.Results: Five themes and ten sub-themes were identified: “Knowing the diversity of dementia”, “Building a relationship of trust”, “Finding the value in life”, “Willingness to overcome external obstacles”, “Establishment of nursing strategy to maintain routine of people with dementia”. The nurses considered their own life through the life of the people with dementia, and tried to establish a nursing strategy to maintain daily life for these people.Conclusion: This study provides a deeper understanding of nurses' caring experiences for people with dementia, and can be helpful in establishing various coping strategies so that nurses can provide efficient caring for these patients.

Nurses’ experiences of caring for people with COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a qualitative enquiry

ObjectivesNurses are the largest group of healthcare workers on the front line of efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. An understanding of their nursing experiences, the challenges they encountered and...

'It is stressful, almost every hour…': Experiences of caring for people living with dementia in Kenya-An interpretive phenomenological approach.

IntroductionAs chronic conditions such as dementia become increasingly prevalent, the role of caregivers will become ever more critical. In the East African region, little is known about the experiences of caring for people living with dementia. This study aims to describe the views of being a caregiver, including day-to-day responsibilities and duties, determine the impact of caregiving and understand participants’ experiences of supports available or required to facilitate caring for a person living with dementia in Kenya.MethodsThis was a qualitative study that employed an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. We used convenience sampling to identify study participants in three counties in Kenya. Participants were main caregivers for the family and hence included both families and paid caregivers. We recruited 10 caregivers to participate in the study (9 females and 1 male). Data were analysed manually following the IPA approach.ResultsThree main themes emerged from the analysis: the personal experience of caregiving, supports to assist with caregiving and the perceived unmet care needs. The challenges experienced varied based on the support available to the caregiver, the number of years in the caregiving role and knowledge and skills related to providing care.ConclusionOur study shows that caring for a person living with dementia is an arduous experience, requiring significant mental and physical effort. The study highlights a general lack of knowledge and awareness of dementia among families, healthcare professionals and the general public. Training programmes for caregivers, including dementia care skills, educating healthcare practitioners and organising public awareness programmes to understand and accept dementia are urgently needed.

Nurses' experience of caring for people living with HIV: a focused ethnography.

Healthcare providers have been found to have limited knowledge and skills in interacting with people living with HIV. These factors can adversely affect providers' practice, jeopardize their safety and compromise the care of the patients. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Iranian nurses who were caring for patients with HIV. A focused ethnography approach was used. Participants consisted of 12 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences and recruited by purposeful sampling. Semi-structured interviews, field observations and field notes were used for data collection. Data were analysed employing content analysis. Three main themes emerged from the analysis of the participants' experiences of providing care to patients with HIV: 'excessive fear of being infected', 'concerns about the possible consequences' and 'lack of self-confidence in care provision'. Nurses have experienced a great deal of fear of self and cross-contamination when providing care to people living with HIV. Social stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV amplified the nurses' experience of fear. Providing appropriate education and training for nurses can improve their attitudes, emotions and self-confidence while providing care to such people and increasing the quality of care provided. Planning more educational programmes focusing on improving their misunderstandings about HIV could result in positive outcomes: for nurses to provide high-quality care and for people living with HIV who receive this care. The healthcare system should consider the culture of care provided by nurses to these people.