Experience Role Conflict Research Articles

Stressors in the work-family system and negative affect: a comparison between ethnic communities and genders

ABSTRACT The current study examined associations between stressors in the work-family system and negative affect among three ethnic communities in Israeli society. The total sample included 817 participants (65% women) consisting of 269 modern Jews, 147 ultra-Orthodox Jews and 269 Israeli Arabs. Participants completed measures of objective load in the family and work, role conflict, and negative affect. Work-family role conflict emerged as a significant mediator between objective load (experienced at work) and negative affect. Similarities and differences were found across ethnic communities and genders. The association between experiencing role conflict and negative affect is stronger among members of the modern Jewish community than among traditional ones (ultra-Orthodox Jews and Arabs). The research findings present a multifaceted picture regarding the relationship between stressors and their adverse impact on mental well-being across various ethnic communities. While some consistent patterns emerged, indicating a uniform impact of certain stressors, other findings suggest that the association between stress experienced within the family-work system and mental distress is heavily dependent on culture. Professionals are advised to develop culturally sensitive intervention programs that consider specific ethnic community cultural values at workplaces to alleviate tension in the work-family system.

Rural School Counselors’ Perceptions of Job Performance

ABSTRACT This article discussed Professional School Counselors (PSC) in rural communities’ perceptions of job performance and preparedness through individual interviews as part of a phenomenological study. Results of this study indicated participants experienced role conflict and role ambiguity, revealed a continued development of professional identity, demonstrated role visualization using idioms, and a strong sense of community and pride when discussing their experiences as a PSC serving in a rural school. Implications for the school counseling profession are discussed as a result of this study.

Devoted but Disconnected: Managing Role Conflict Through Interactional Control

The ideal worker is represented as constantly available for work. However, an increasing number and variety of workers experience conflict between work and family demands. Research has identified numerous practices to manage this conflict with positive implications for non-work relationships, but the implications of these practices for work relationships remain unclear. How do efforts to manage role conflict affect workplace relationships? To examine this question, we draw on ethnographic data from 72 STEM workers across three organizations. We find that workers who experienced role conflict interpreted interactions in the workplace—often unpredictable in timing, frequency, and length—as a threat to fulfilling both their work and family roles on a daily basis. Thus, they controlled work interactions to make time for both work and non-work roles. However, interactional control limited their sense of workplace belonging and opportunities for resource exchange. In contrast, workers who did not experience daily role conflict encouraged interactions, allowing these encounters to expand across time. As a result, their work extended into evenings and weekends, and they experienced a sense of belonging and more regular resource exchange. We identify how interactional control practices manage role conflict but limit the development of workplace relationships. We also expand the repertoire of how devotion to work can be performed, identifying the occupied worker who expresses devotion through focused and efficient work and interactions rather than availability for work and interactions.

Strength and Conditioning in U.S. Schools: A Qualitative Investigation of Physical Educators’ Socialization and Professional Experiences

Purpose: To examine socialization experiences of physical educators who deliver strength and conditioning (S&C) programming, particularly the development of subjective theories, expertise, orientations, and perceived mattering. Methods: Thirty-one secondary school physical educators providing S&C instruction/supervision as part of required duties completed in-depth interviews with Occupational Socialization Theory as a guiding framework for analysis. Results: Themes developed were (a) acculturation and organizational socialization influence beliefs, (b) S&C professional development is scarce, (c) S&C in physical education is a sporting endeavor, (d) blurred lines between teaching and coaching, and (e) S&C-related programs matter. Discussion: Physical educators delivering S&C programming lack adequate preservice preparation and professional development, and experience both role conflict and decreased marginalization. Physical education teacher education programs should offer more formal S&C training for safe and effective instruction/supervision. Schools should provide S&C-related professional development to maximize student learning and safety and avoid potential legal liability.

CULTIVATION OF PROGNOSTIC AWARENESS IS A TEAM TASK: PALLIATIVE PHYSICIAN AND SOCIAL WORKER INSIGHTS

Abstract For patients experiencing serious or life-limiting illnesses, informed decision-making depends on understanding prognosis and illness trajectory. Although physicians are viewed as the most appropriate group to share medical information around prognosis, there is growing recognition that other clinicians can contribute to these discussions. Indeed, cultivation of prognostic awareness (CPA) does not happen in a single conversation; it is a series of conversations in which patients continue to redefine medical treatments and broader life goals. The reframing of CPA as an iterative process, coupled with growing palliative care demands, has led to social workers’ (SWs) and nurses’ engagement, and even leadership, in goals of care (GOC) conversations. Using role theory, this qualitative study therefore explored aligned and/or disparate views on professional role boundaries in CPA through interviews with 17 SWs and 14 physicians. Our data analysis was inductive and iterative with the culminating phases being theme generation and interpretation. Key findings revealed a shared perspective by SWs and physicians that CPA is a “team task” and that SWs have essential roles as experts in assessing and supporting patients’ emotional and psychological capacity for processing prognostic information, and as boundary spanners to patients/families and physicians (i.e., translating medical information, increasing effective communication, and reinforcing a holistic perspective). Both professions identified managing patients’/families’ expectations as a shared role. SWs experienced role conflict, however, in their advocacy for patient autonomy. Factors enhancing role consensus were communication, collaboration, professional respect, experience, and trust. Findings support the trend of expanding SWs role in serious illness conversations.

The Analysis of Gender Roles Divisioan In Dual Career Families In District Cities

<em>This research focuses on discussing the division of productive, reproductive, and social gender roles in dual-career families in the Inderalaya Raya sub-district. The division of roles in a dual-career family certainly has its own difficulties and challenges, such as the division of roles involving children, work, household, and time. The purpose of this study is to identify the division of roles between husbands and wives who work in deciding the division of roles in family life. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative with a narrative research strategy. This study used role theory, and data was obtained from six pairs of husband and wife informants and three child informants through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the husband and wife have agreed on a joint decision to balance work responsibilities in the formal sector and household affairs, which can be in the form of full direct involvement of the husband and wife or assistance from a third party in carrying out the reproductive role. The multiple roles that are carried out will experience role conflict if there are two or more pressures that occur simultaneously. Role theory states that role strain and role failure carried out by someone will also lead to conflict and can even lead to gender inequality. However, workers and parents who carry out their roles well are made role models by the child</em>

Serving while being energized (strained)? A dual-path model linking servant leadership to leader psychological strain and job performance.

Drawing on demands-resources theory, we develop and test a dual-path model to unpack the energizing and draining mechanisms, captured by leader need satisfaction and role conflict, through which servant leadership affects leader psychological strain and job performance. We further identify leader-leader exchange (LLX) as a critical resource moderator that can strengthen the energizing benefit and buffer against the draining cost of servant leadership behaviors. Using five-wave, multisource field data from 474 team leaders, 3,712 followers, and 97 superior leaders, we find support for the energizing benefit, in that servant leadership satisfied leader psychological needs, which subsequently reduced leader psychological strain. This energizing benefit was stronger when LLX was higher. In parallel, servant leaders experienced role conflict, which subsequently increased their psychological strain and deteriorated their job performance when LLX was lower. Overall, our research contributes to a fine-grained understanding of the double-edged effects of servant leadership on leaders and sheds light on how and when leaders can benefit from practicing servant leadership. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Evaluations of Probation Specialists on Evidence-Based Probation Practices: A Qualitative Study from Turkey

ABSTRACT Purpose This research explores the views of probation specialists working with young offenders about their professional process, professional problems, and the evidence-based practice approach. Method The qualitative method was used in the research and the phenomenology pattern forms the basis of the research. The data deciphered and conceptualized with descriptive analysis by the organizing and senior researcher. Results According to data from in-depth interviews, due to the dual structure of the probation system, which includes both execution and rehabilitation, professional staff experience role conflict. Professional problems such as excessive workload, inadequate physical conditions, not separating the job descriptions of probation specialists according to their fields of expertise, job dissatisfaction, and burnout are common. In addition, there are no scientific tools to measure the effectiveness of the intervention programs and monitoring process in the probation system. Discussion There is a need for developing the effectiveness of intervention programs in the probation system and an evidence-based intervention system. At the end of the article, some suggestions on effective social work practices in the probation system are presented from the perspective of evidence-based practice.

If Anti-Racism Is the Goal, Then Anti-Oppression Is How We Get There

Many schools of social work around the United States of America wrote anti-racism statements because of the recent murders of Black and Brown people. In this contribution, the authors describe a challenging and tense discussion of racism and anti-racism leading to a group process about oppression and anti-oppression in the social work profession. For some, the urgency to address racism led to tactics and strategies that got in the way of social workers engaging in anti-oppressive practices. While the structure of higher education often reinforces traditional hierarchies of power, the profession of social work calls us to promote our core values of social justice, integrity, and the importance of human relationships as we strive for an anti-oppressive future. Consequently, social work faculty may experience role conflict as we navigate these tensions. We believe it is important to harness and process such discomfort as we critically examine the power dynamics within our own department, and our own profession. This voluntary, ad hoc group, composed of a diverse group of faculty members, provides space for ongoing mutual aid, consciousness raising, appropriate discomfort, and accountability. If anti-racism is the goal, then anti-oppression is how we get there.

Role Conflict of Chinese Student-Athletes: Distinct Challenges They Face and Implications for Collegiate Sport Administrators

The number of Chinese student-athletes (CSAs) at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools in the United States has increased dramatically in recent years. However, little is known about the distinct challenges CSAs face as they adopt the role of student and athlete, and the potential for role conflict to occur. This study explored the ways in which CSAs experienced role conflict and how they managed this conflict. Ten interviews were conducted with current or former CSAs at NCAA Division I schools. Findings revealed that CSAs experienced role conflict due to contrasting expectations from different stakeholders, the lack of academic preparedness, and unfamiliarity with the collegiate sport system. Meanwhile, CSAs managed their role conflict by realigning role expectations and shifting role identity. The findings demonstrate how role conflict can be applied to a cross-cultural context, while informing collegiate sport administrators of efforts to manage CSAs transition into the NCAA system.

Distance education students’ satisfaction: Do work and family roles matter?

The perceived flexibility of distance education, whereby students can juggle their multiple life roles, is often cited as the predominant reason for enrolling in this mode of study. Nonetheless, for distance learners their multiple roles often have a significant impact on their study experience. This study had three objectives: (1) to explore whether the paid worker role or family role predict distance learners’ satisfaction; (2) to examine the relationship between role conflict and role facilitation regarding distance learners’ satisfaction; and (3) to investigate the role of sociodemographic characteristics as potential moderators in this relationship. The analyses drew on data from 318 online distance learners. Students who reported living with children were less likely to report satisfaction with their educational experience, even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The experience of role conflict and role facilitation was significantly associated with student satisfaction, although patterns differed according to students’ prior educational attainment.

Equilíbrio trabalho-família entre cuidadores de idosos: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Introduction Active workers may experience role conflict when trying to reconcile work and caregiving activities with elderly family members. Objective To carry out a systematic review of empirical research on work-family balance among caregivers of the elderly. Method Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, BVS, Web of Science and PsycInfo databases were consulted to identify research published from 2015 to 2020. Results 20 articles were identified and categorized as follows: 1. Caregivers of elderly people with dementia and cancer; 2. Gender; 3. Sandwich Generation and Baby Boomers; and 4. Individual and collective coping strategies. It was highlighted that there are specificities in the work-family balance that can favor both positive and negative spillovers; therefore, they must be considered in the planning of individual and collective strategies. Conclusion In order to favor work-family balance, the choices between work and family responsibilities should be studied, as well as expanding this narrow framework through the analysis of aspects involving gender, biography, cultural norms, social values, economic aspects and political solutions available to these workers.

‘In the Eye of the Storm’: An Exploration of the Psychosocial Experiences of Teen Mothers in Zimbabwe

While pregnancy and motherhood can be a joy to many, this is hardly the case with teenage mothers; most of whom give birth to children that are a result of unintended pregnancies. This is a life-changing experience beset with many challenges for teen mothers. Through a qualitative approach, this paper explores the psychosocial experiences of teen mothers in Zimbabwe. Findings reveal that teen mothers are unprepared for motherhood, have limited family support and experience role conflict as well as post-partum depression due to the heavy burden of motherhood. The implications of the findings for social work practice at micro, meso and macro levels are underscored.

The impact of organisational culture on occupational stress: Comparison of the SME IT sectors in India and the UK

The study's main aim is to examine the impact of organisational culture on occupational stress by comparing the IT sectors in India and the UK. The paper adopts the application of Denison’s model for studying the organisational culture, whereas role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload and role stress are considered to discuss occupational stress. Through snowball, convenience, purposive and quota sampling techniques, 62 respondents (31 from India and 31 from the UK) were targeted to attain a qualitative perspective through a semi-structured questionnaire. Results showed that there is an impact of organisational culture on occupational stress. Moreover, the impact is mainly evident in the Indian IT sector than the UK IT sector. Moreover, considering the impact of organisational culture on occupational stress, overall employees experience occupational stress, role overload, role conflict, role ambiguity and role stress. In contrasting economies, Indian IT sector employee’s experience role conflict, role overload, role ambiguity and role stress, whereas UK IT sector employees’ experience role ambiguity.

Unethical Newsroom Behavior: Paradoxes and a Perfect Storm

ABSTRACT Unethical behavior in newsrooms has come to public attention, and despite the glare of publicity, it persists. This research examines the question of why newsrooms provide a context conducive to persistent unethical workplace behaviors. We conducted 25 in-depth interviews with reporters, editors, anchors, producers, and news executives. Sexual harassment has been in the public eye, but our informants also described other unethical workplace behaviors such as bullying, discrimination, and incivility. Behavioral ethics emerged as a theoretical lens to help interpret our data. Five explanatory themes arose: 1) conceiving of work solely as creating journalistic content; 2) toxic rituals, rites of passage, and norms; 3) high power differentials and acquiescent behavior; 4) ineffective organizational mechanisms; and 5) a disruptive industry context. Networks of complicity enabled the bad behavior, and together with the themes, created a perfect storm that permitted unethical behavior to persist. Two paradoxes resulted: 1) the ethics paradox in which journalists had high ethical sensitivity in reporting but were blind to unethical behavior within newsrooms and 2) the power paradox in which journalists experienced role conflict caused by the need for initiative, courage, independence, and resistance to intimidation in reporting versus the dependence, obedience, and acquiescence required within newsrooms.

The effect of role conflict on academic burnout of undergraduate Economics students

Role conflict is experienced by students when incompatible demands relatively rated to a set of standards or conditions that influence their role performance. When students continuously experience role conflict, it leads to academic burnout. Therefore, this research aims to determine the significant effect of role conflict on academic burnout of undergraduate economics students. This is a quantitative research, with data obtained from a total of 114 undergraduate economics students consisting of 29% males and 71% females using the Role Questionnaire (Rizzo et al., 1970) and Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) (Schaufeli et al., 2002). The result of simple linear regression analysis showed that the values of βand sig. are 0.023 and 0.343 (>0.05), which means that the effect of role conflict on academic burnout among students is insignificant.

Sex workers as peer researchers – a qualitative investigation of the benefits and challenges

Best practice in sex work research advocates for a ‘nothing about us without us’ methodology. This study employed sex workers as peer researchers to assist in evaluating the sexual health outcomes and well-being of sex workers in Western Australia. All eight peer researchers were invited to reflect on their experiences as peer researchers through semi-structured interviews, and seven peer researchers participated. Giving sex workers a voice and the opportunity to facilitate change for their peers was the primary driver for participation. Some peer researchers from English speaking backgrounds experienced challenges engaging and communicating with study participants for whom English was not their first language. Others experienced role conflict on hearing viewpoints contrary to their own beliefs. Access to support from the project team and other peer researchers was a key enabler for undertaking the peer researcher role. The majority of peer researchers were motivated to participate in the research by the possibility of future changes to sex work-related legislation, and support for sex workers based on the research findings. Research partnerships with peer researchers that offer employment throughout the research process, including co-authorship of journal articles, opportunities for leadership roles and collaboration in research translation activities can increase research impact.

Management accountants’ role and coercive regulations: evidence from the Italian health-care sector

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the consequences of the coercive regulations for performance measurement and comparability that strengthened regional health authority’s control over organizations’ activities on management accountants’ relationship with clinician managers, who are the recipients of accounting information for decisional processes in health-care organizations. To achieve this aim, the research focuses on management accountants’ perception of their role and whether they perceive role conflict and role ambiguity. Design/methodology/approach A case study was undertaken in a public university hospital in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy; 9 management accountants and 11 clinician managers were interviewed and secondary data analyzed. Findings Management accountants show low capabilities to support clinician managers’ decisional processes. Following the enactment of regulations, management accountants perform their role with a primary focus on functional responsibility. The focus on the provision of information to address regulations influenced management accountants’ capability to act as business partners in the organization. Because of the conflicting information needs from regulations and clinician managers, management accountants experience role conflict and ambiguity. Research limitations/implications The paper has implications for policymakers, underlining the consequences of strict regulations on management accountants’ role. It also emphasizes the importance of revising accounting techniques to satisfy both regional requirements and clinician managers’ needs for decision-making. Originality/value The article contributes to knowledge related to the role of management accountants in health care. It explores, in particular, the consequences of coercive regulations in health-care organizations, adding knowledge to a field that remains quite unexplored.

An exploratory study of the experiences of being both a mental health professional and carer in mental health services in Norway.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Many carers report feeling unrecognized by professional healthcare teams. Carers often report difficulty accessing mental health services for relatives. Carers who are also mental health professionals mayexperience role conflict as found for General Practitioners. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Carers who are mental health professionals are often not recognized for their professional knowledge and face similar communication barriers as other carers. Difficulties for carers who are mental health professionals are concerned with information sharing, decision-making and continuity of care. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Opportunity for services to learn from the experiences of mental health professional and carers to develop better communication and shared decision-making methods for carers Carers who are mental health professionals should be recognized by services for their dual role (and skills). Service development opportunity for training in supporting and engaging carers who are mental health professionals ABSTRACT: Introduction Around 60% of carers of relatives with mental health problems report feeling unrecognized by professional health care, and many report a lack of engagement, shared decision-making and information sharing. There is a paucity of research examining these issues for carers who are also mental health professionals. Aims This was an exploratory study to (a) explore the extent of this role among health service staff, (b) gather an indication of the issues faced by carers when interacting with the health system and (c) test the feasibility of conducting research. Methods Mental health professionals in mental health services completed an online survey that assessed the frequency, content and satisfaction of the experiences of carers. Results The sample comprised 453 mental health professionals (74% female), 52% being carers. Half of carers reported having therapist contact, and 25% were satisfied with the contact. Negative experiences were related to Information, Decision-making and Continuity of care. Discussion There was a high frequency of mental health professionals who were carers. The majority were dissatisfied, and this was primarily in relation to communication with services. Implications for practice Improving information sharing through training of staff and identification of the system barriers is likely to enhance experiences for service users and families.

Stressors at the work-family interface and satisfaction with the quality of the couple relationship: a comparative analysis of men and women

ABSTRACT This study examined the contribution of stressors deriving from the work-family interface to explaining two aspects of the quality of the couple relationship among men versus women: satisfaction with sexual life and satisfaction with couplehood. The sample comprised 276 heterosexual Israeli participants (136 men, 140 women). The examined stressors included objective overload at home and at work (assessed by the number of hours devoted daily to each domain), subjective overload, and the experience of role conflict (family interferes with work [FIW], and work interferes with family [WIF]). The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling. For both genders, satisfaction with the daily amount of time that the partner devotes to the home and family domains explained satisfaction with sexual life and satisfaction with couplehood. Among women, satisfaction with sexual life was explained by the experience of WIF conflict, whereas satisfaction with couplehood was explained by the experience of FIW conflict. Furthermore, egalitarian gender-role attitudes correlated positively with men’s sexual satisfaction and negatively with the intensity of FIW conflict. We concluded that for women, work-family stressors affected the quality of the couple relationship, whereas the impact of egalitarian gender-role attitudes on the quality of the couple relationship was greater for men.