Experiences Of Shared Decision-making Research Articles

Usability of an Automated System for Real-Time Monitoring of Shared Decision-Making for Surgery: Mixed Methods Evaluation.

Improving shared decision-making (SDM) for patients has become a health policy priority in many countries. Achieving high-quality SDM is particularly important for approximately 313 million surgical treatment decisions patients make globally every year. Large-scale monitoring of surgical patients' experience of SDM in real time is needed to identify the failings of SDM before surgery is performed. We developed a novel approach to automating real-time data collection using an electronic measurement system to address this. Examining usability will facilitate its optimization and wider implementation to inform interventions aimed at improving SDM. This study examined the usability of an electronic real-time measurement system to monitor surgical patients' experience of SDM. We aimed to evaluate the metrics and indicators relevant to system effectiveness, system efficiency, and user satisfaction. We performed a mixed methods usability evaluation using multiple participant cohorts. The measurement system was implemented in a large UK hospital to measure patients' experience of SDM electronically before surgery using 2 validated measures (CollaboRATE and SDM-Q-9). Quantitative data (collected between April 1 and December 31, 2021) provided measurement system metrics to assess system effectiveness and efficiency. We included adult patients booked for urgent and elective surgery across 7 specialties and excluded patients without the capacity to consent for medical procedures, those without access to an internet-enabled device, and those undergoing emergency or endoscopic procedures. Additional groups of service users (group 1: public members who had not engaged with the system; group 2: a subset of patients who completed the measurement system) completed user-testing sessions and semistructured interviews to assess system effectiveness and user satisfaction. We conducted quantitative data analysis using descriptive statistics and calculated the task completion rate and survey response rate (system effectiveness) as well as the task completion time, task efficiency, and relative efficiency (system efficiency). Qualitative thematic analysis identified indicators of and barriers to good usability (user satisfaction). A total of 2254 completed surveys were returned to the measurement system. A total of 25 service users (group 1: n=9; group 2: n=16) participated in user-testing sessions and interviews. The task completion rate was high (169/171, 98.8%) and the survey response rate was good (2254/5794, 38.9%). The median task completion time was 3 (IQR 2-13) minutes, suggesting good system efficiency and effectiveness. The qualitative findings emphasized good user satisfaction. The identified themes suggested that the measurement system is acceptable, easy to use, and easy to access. Service users identified potential barriers and solutions to acceptability and ease of access. A mixed methods evaluation of an electronic measurement system for automated, real-time monitoring of patients' experience of SDM showed that usability among patients was high. Future pilot work will optimize the system for wider implementation to ultimately inform intervention development to improve SDM. RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079155.

N21 Shared Decision Making: A Qualitative Exploration of Clinical Nurse Specialists in Gastroenterology

Abstract Background Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS) participation in the Shared Decision Making (SDM) process and understanding basic concepts and principles related to the decision-making process are critical. (Storms et al. 2015). The core concept role of CNS includes a clinical focus on direct and indirect care of the patients in the specialist area, health educator and trainer, patient advocate, audit and research and consultation (NCNM, 2008). They have many opportunities to participate in the SDM process with patients arising from clinic visits, telephone helpline services and multidisciplinary team meetings. Nurses are progressively deemed influential in shared decision-making; however, studies on the SDM role of the CNS are limited; our study investigates the experiences of CNS in SDM, in the speciality of gastroenterology (GI) in both medical and surgical. Methods This study adopted a qualitative descriptive style. The survey was distributed to medical and surgical GI CNS at a tertiary referral hospital. This study aimed to look at three aspects of CNS's SDM experience: the CNS's knowledge about SDM, generating discussion and coordination, and respect for sociocultural factors. Semi-depth interviews were conducted for data collection. There were 11CNS participants from surgical and medical GI specialities, including IBD, hepatology, endoscopy, upper GI, and colorectal nursing. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and coded. Results Six themes emerged from the data collected: perceptions, attitudes, positive change, influential factors, reflection and obstacles. SDM is an unknown concept for the majority of the CNS.CNS self-identified as integral to the speciality and the patient's primary contact. Conclusion CNS has little understanding of the SDM concept. SDM is perceived as MDT (Multi-Disciplinary Team) making decisions without patient involvement. Formal education and increased awareness of the SDM process are essential for CNS active participation in individual patients. The procured knowledge of SDM enhances the CNS's confidence in active participation in MDT team meetings and the SDM process. It consequently improves patient experience, knowledge and participation in the SDM process.

Real-time monitoring and feedback to improve shared decision-making for surgery (the ALPACA Study): protocol for a mixed-methods study to inform co-development of an inclusive intervention

IntroductionHigh-quality shared decision-making (SDM) is a priority of health services, but only achieved in a minority of surgical consultations. Improving SDM for surgical patients may lead to more effective care...

Experiences of shared decision making in acute hospitals: A mixed methods secondary analysis of the Irish National Inpatient Experience Survey

IntroductionThis study explored patient experiences of shared decision making (SDM) in public acute hospitals in Ireland. MethodsQuantitative and qualitative data from three years of the Irish National Inpatient Experience Survey were analysed. Survey questions were mapped to definitions of SDM and subjected to principal components analysis. Three SDM subscales (care on the ward; treatments; discharge) and one overall SDM scale were created. Differences in experiences of SDM by aspects of care and patient group were assessed. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses was undertaken. Results39,453 patients participated in the survey. The mean SDM experience score was 7.60 ± 2.43. Experience scores were highest on the treatments sub-scale, and lowest during discharge. Patients who had a non-emergency admission, those aged 51–80 years and men had more positive experiences than other groups. Patient comments highlighted that opportunities to clarify information and facilitation of families/caregivers in SDM were found to be lacking. ConclusionThere were differences in experiences of SDM by aspects of care and patient group. Practice implicationsEfforts to improve SDM in acute hospitals are required, particularly at the time of discharge. SDM may be improved by facilitation of more time for discussion between clinicians and patients and/or their families/caregivers.

Perceived shared decision-making among patients undergoing lower-limb amputation and their care teams: A qualitative study.

Shared decision-making (SDM) is increasingly advocated in the care of vascular surgery patients. The goal of this investigation was to gain a greater understanding of the patient and provider experience of SDM during clinical decision-making around the need for lower-extremity amputation and amputation level related to chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) in the Veterans Health Administration. Semistructured interviews in male Veterans with CLTI, vascular surgeons, physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians, and podiatric surgeons. Interviews were analyzed using team-based content analysis to identify themes related to amputation-level decisions. We interviewed 22 patients and 21 surgeons and physicians and identified 4 themes related to SDM: (1) providers recognize the importance of incorporating patient preferences into amputation-level decisions and strive to do so; (2) patients do not perceive that they are included as equal partners in decisions around amputation or amputation level; (3) providers perceive several obstacles to including patients in amputation level decisions; and (4) patients describe facilitators to their involvement in SDM. Despite the recognized importance SDM in amputation decision-making, patients often perceived that their opinion was not solicited. This may result from provider perception of significant challenges to SDM posed by the clinical context of amputation. Patients identified key features that might enhance SDM including presentation of clear, concise information, and the importance of communicating concern during the discussion. These findings point to gaps in the provision of patient-centric care through SDM discussions at the time of amputation.

Physician-reported characteristics, representations, and ethical justifications of shared decision-making practices in the care of paediatric patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness

BackgroundDespite consensus about the importance of implementing shared decision-making (SDM) in clinical practice, this ideal is inconsistently enacted today. Evidence shows that SDM practices differ in the degree of involvement of patients or family members, or in the amount of medical information disclosed to patients in order to “share” meaningfully in treatment decisions. Little is known on which representations and moral justifications physicians hold when realizing SDM. This study explored physicians’ experiences of SDM in the management of paediatric patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC). Specifically, we focused on physicians’ SDM approaches, representations, and ethical justifications for engaging in SDM.MethodsWe used a qualitative approach to explore the SDM experiences of 13 ICU physicians, paediatricians, and neurologists based in Switzerland who have been or were involved in the care of paediatric patients living with PDOC. A semi-structured interview format was used and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed through thematic analysis.ResultsWe found that participants followed three main decision-making approaches: the “brakes” approach, characterized by maximized family’s decisional freedom, though conditional to physician’s judgment regarding the medical appropriateness of a treatment; the “orchestra director” approach, characterized by a multi-step decision-making process led by the main physician aimed at eliciting the voices of the care team members and of the family; and the “sunbeams” approach, characterized by a process oriented to reach consensus with family members through dialogue, where the virtues of the physician are key to guide the process. We also found that participants differed in the moral justifications sustaining each approach, citing the duty to respect parental autonomy, to invest in an ethics of care, and to employ physicians’ virtues to guide the decision-making process.ConclusionOur results show that physicians come to perform SDM in different ways, with several representations, and distinct ethical justifications. SDM training among health care providers should clarify the ductility of SDM and the several ethical motivations underpinning it, rather than insisting on the principle of respect for patient’s autonomy as its only moral foundation.

Medication Decision Making in Low-Income Families of Black Children With ADHD: A Mixed Methods Study

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore how and why some low-income Black caregivers seek medication treatment for their children with ADHD. Methods: Using a sequential exploratory mixed method design, Phase 1 comprised an indepth case study design of seven low-income Black caregivers of children receiving medication for ADHD. Based on findings from Phase 1, the second phase involved a secondary analysis of data on Black uninsured or publicly insured children age 6 to 17 with ADHD (n = 450). Results: Factors influencing medication decision-making included child safety and volatility, caregiver mental health, caregiver aggravation, family centered care (FCC), shared decision making (SDM), sole caregiver status, and school involvement. After adjusting for ADHD severity, previous receipt of special education services and experiences of FCC and SDM were independently associated with receipt of a medication for ADHD. Conclusions: Clinicians and school personnel can intervene to decrease disparities in the treatment of ADHD.

Sharing decisions on reproductive goals: A mixed-methods study of the views of women who have cystic fibrosis

BackgroundThere are complex medical, psychological, social and economic aspects to becoming a parent with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). A shared decision-making (SDM) approach could help women with CF make informed decisions about their reproductive goals that are sensitive to their individual values and preferences. This study investigated capability, opportunity, and motivation to participate in SDM from the perspective of women with CF. MethodsMixed-methods design. An international online survey was completed by 182 women with CF, to investigate participation in SDM in relation to reproductive goals, and measures of capability (information needs), opportunity (social environment) and motivation (SDM attitudes and self-efficacy) to engage in SDM. Twenty-one women were interviewed using a visual timelines method to explore their SDM experiences and preferences. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. ResultsWomen with higher decision self-efficacy reported better experiences of SDM relating to their reproductive goals. Decision self-efficacy was positively associated with social support, age, and level of education, highlighting inequalities. Interviews indicated that women were highly motivated to engage in SDM, but their capability was compromised by lack of information, perception of insufficient opportunities for focused discussions about SDM. ConclusionsWomen with CF are keen to engage in SDM about reproductive health, but currently lack sufficient information and support to do so. Interventions at patient, clinician and system levels are needed to support capability, opportunity and motivation to engage equitably in SDM in relation to their reproductive goals.

Shared-Decision-Making Experiences in Breast Cancer Care with and without Patient Participation in Multidisciplinary Tumor Conferences: A Mixed-Methods-Study.

This study aimed (1) to analyze patients' perceived shared decision-making (SDM) experiences over 4 weeks between patients participating or not in multidisciplinary tumor conferences (MTCs) and (2) to analyze the association of patients' active participation in and organizational variables of MTCs with patients' perceived SDM experience directly after MTC. From the N=317 patients, this observational study included patient surveys, observations, and audio transcripts from MTCs with (N=82) and without (N=145) patient participation in six breast and gynecologic cancer centers. We performed t tests for within- and between-group comparisons and linear regression with "patients' perceived SDM experiences in MTC" as the dependent variable. Patients' perceived SDM experiences increased at 4 weeks after MTC (p<0.001) with lower perceived SDM experiences for participating versus nonparticipating patients (p<0.001). Linear regression showed that the organizational variable "round table seating arrangement" was significantly associated with higher perceived SDM experiences compared with a theater or U-shape arrangement (beta=-0.38, p=0.043; beta=-0.69, p=0.010) directly after MTC. Results provide first insights into patients' perceived SDM experiences in MTCs. SDM in MTCs is associated with organizational variables of MTCs. A round table seating arrangement in MTCs with patient participation seems important for patients' perceived SDM experiences. The relatively low perceived SDM experiences of participating patients directly after MTC indicates room for improvement, eg concerning patient-centered communication.

348 Examining past, present & future shared decision making among eczema patients and caregivers

Engaging in shared decision making (SDM) can help patients evaluate and make key healthcare choices for their care. SDM has been shown in several diseases to improve outcomes and is well-suited for conditions like eczema for which several treatment options exist and the clinical and lived experience is varied, yet little is known about the use and experience of SDM in eczema care. To understand SDM in eczema care settings from the patient/caregiver perspective, the National Eczema Association conducted an online survey to assess “past SDM” (SDMQ9, score ranges transformed to 0-100), “present SDM” (Control Preferences Scale), and “future SDM” (self-reported confidence and motivation to engage in SDM) behavior.

Past, Present, and Future Shared Decision-making Behavior Among Patients With Eczema and Caregivers

Engaging in shared decision-making (SDM) can help patients understand and choose treatments according to their values and has been shown to improve patient satisfaction and adherence with treatment. It is well suited for conditions like eczema for which several medically appropriate treatment options exist. However, little is known about the use and experience of SDM in eczema. To understand experiences, preferences, and expectations for SDM in eczema care settings from the patient and caregiver perspective. The National Eczema Association conducted an online survey in January 2021 among self-selected patients and caregivers. Inclusion criteria (US resident, patient with eczema or caregiver of a patient with eczema aged ≤17 years, respondent age ≥18 years) were met by 1313 of 1387 respondents (94.7%). Data analysis was performed from May 2021 to November 2021. Outcomes were past SDM (using a 9-item SDM questionnaire [SDMQ9]; score ranges transformed to 0-100), present SDM (Control Preferences Scale), and future SDM (self-reported confidence and motivation to engage in SDM) behavior. Among the 1313 respondents included in the study, most were female (1046 of 1313 [79.7%]) adult (1086 of 1313 [82.7%]) patients with a mean (SD) patient Recap of Atopic Eczema score of 11.7 (7.2), mean (SD) patient age of 39.5 (22.2) years, and mean (SD) SDMQ9 score of 65.1 (27.4). For present SDM, 479 of 966 (49.6%) reported "I prefer to make the final decision after seriously considering my doctor's opinion," and 655 of 955 (69.4%) reported being very or extremely confident to engage in SDM in the future. Those who reported feeling "very well informed" about the causes of eczema had a 14.7-point higher (95% CI, 9.2-20.2; P < .001, multiple linear regression) SDMQ9 score than those "not adequately informed" and were 3.4 times more likely (95% CI, 2.1-5.7; P < .001, multiple logistic regression) to be confident to engage in future SDM. Respondents reported that they would be motivated to engage in SDM if the clinician initiated SDM, valued input from the patient, and acknowledged that patients are experts on their own bodies or if a treatment is no longer working. Results of this survey study suggest that a majority of patients with eczema and caregivers prefer a large role in decision-making for their care and that clinicians can initiate and facilitate SDM to improve patient satisfaction with care.

Comparing shared decision making using a paper and digital consent process. A multi-site, single centre study in a trauma and orthopaedic department

IntroductionThe importance of shared decision making (SDM) for informed consent has been emphasised in the updated regulatory guidelines. Errors of completion, legibility and omission have been associated with paper-based consent forms. We introduced a digital consent process and compared it against a paper-based process for quality and patient reported involvement in shared decision making. Methods223 patients were included in this multi-site, single centre study. Patient consent documentation was by either a paper consent form or the Concentric digital consent platform. Consent forms were assessed for errors of legibility, completion and accuracy of content. Core risks for 20 orthopaedic operations were pre-defined by a Delphi round of experts and forms analysed for omission of these risks. SDM was determined via the ‘collaboRATE Top Score’, a validated measure for gold-standard SDM. Results72% (n = 78/109) of paper consent forms contained ≥1 error compared to 0% (n = 0/114) of digital forms (P < 0.0001). Core risks were unintentionally omitted in 63% (n = 68/109) of paper-forms compared to less than 2% (n = 2/114) of digital consent forms (P < 0.0001). 72% (n = 82/114) of patients giving consent digitally reported gold-standard SDM compared to 28% (n = 31/109) with paper consent (P < 0.001). ConclusionImplementation of a digital consent process has been shown to reduce both error rate and the omission of core risks on consent forms whilst increasing the quality of SDM. This novel finding suggests that using digital consent can improve both the quality of informed consent and the patient experience of SDM.

Stakeholder Research Priorities to Promote Implementation of Shared Decision-Making for Lung Cancer Screening: An American Thoracic Society and Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Statement.

Rationale: Shared decision-making (SDM) for lung cancer screening (LCS) is recommended in guidelines and required by Medicare, yet it is seldom achieved in practice. The best approach for implementing SDM for LCS remains unknown, and the 2021 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force calls for implementation research to increase uptake of SDM for LCS. Objectives: To develop a stakeholder-prioritized research agenda and recommended outcomes to advance implementation of SDM for LCS. Methods: The American Thoracic Society and VA Health Services Research and Development Service convened a multistakeholder committee with expertise in SDM, LCS, patient-centered care, and implementation science. During a virtual State of the Art conference, we reviewed evidence and identified research questions to address barriers to implementing SDM for LCS, as well as outcome constructs, which were refined by writing group members. Our committee (n = 34) then ranked research questions and SDM effectiveness outcomes by perceived importance in an online survey. Results: We present our committee's consensus on three topics important to implementing SDM for LCS: 1) foundational principles for the best practice of SDM for LCS; 2) stakeholder rankings of 22 implementation research questions; and 3) recommended outcomes, including Proctor's implementation outcomes and stakeholder rankings of SDM effectiveness outcomes for hybrid implementation-effectiveness studies. Our committee ranked questions that apply innovative implementation approaches to relieve primary care providers of the sole responsibility of SDM for LCS as highest priority. We rated effectiveness constructs that capture the patient experience of SDM as most important. Conclusions: This statement offers a stakeholder-prioritized research agenda and outcomes to advance implementation of SDM for LCS.

Training providers in shared decision making for trauma treatment planning.

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)/Department of Defense (DoD) Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the Management of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Acute Stress Disorder strives to advance the VA's practice of recovery-oriented, evidence-based, patient-centered care (PCC) for veterans with PTSD. A core foundation of PCC is that care is individually tailored to meet the needs and preferences of each patient. Accordingly, the 2017 update to the CPG specifically recommends the use of shared decision making (SDM), an individualized collaborative approach to treatment planning, in the PTSD treatment planning process. Although SDM has been promoted by the CPG throughout the VA and SDM training is being developed, no systemic training was available at the time the guidelines were updated. Additionally, while early research has studied the impact and experience of SDM for the patient, no work has explored provider experiences with SDM for those who work with trauma populations. This project bridges this gap by examining survey data collected 6 months following a formal SDM training to staff and trainees working with veterans who have experienced trauma within a trauma clinic at a large VA hospital. After the training, clinicians understood SDM and were engaging in SDM with their patients. Patients indicated that they were satisfied with and felt like an active participant in the treatment planning process. Clinician assumptions about the SDM process and barriers to SDM shown in previous research were also demonstrated. Implications for future research and practice, such as using decision aids in PTSD treatment planning and targeting clinician beliefs about SDM, are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

People's Experience of Shared Decision Making in Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis.

(1) Shared decision making (SDM) has been advocated as a way of improving prudency in healthcare and has been linked to self-efficacy and empowerment of service users. The evaluation of its use in musculoskeletal (MSK) physiotherapy has been vague, but articles suggest that trust and communication are integral. (2) ENTREQ guidelines informed this systematic review and thematic synthesis. PRISMA recommendations steered a systematic literature search of AHMED, CINAHL, MEDLNE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from inception to September 2021. COREQ was used for quality appraisal of articles alongside critical discussions. Analysis and synthesis included five stages: outlining study characteristics, coding of data, development of descriptive themes, development of analytical themes and integration and refinement. The review aim was to explore people’s experiences of SDM in MSK physiotherapy and to inform our understanding of the conditions needed for successful SDM. (3) Out of 1508 studies, 9 articles were included. Four main themes (trust, communication, decision preferences and decision ability) demonstrated that the majority of people want to participate in decision-making. As described in the capacity and capability model, three core conditions were needed to facilitate someone’s’ ability to participate. (4) People want to be involved in SDM in MSK physiotherapy. For successful SDM, physiotherapists should look to develop mutual trust, utilise two-way communication and share power.

Shared Decision-Making in Breast Reconstruction for Breast Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review.

For most breast cancer (BC) patients who have undergone a mastectomy, the decision whether to proceed with breast reconstruction (BR) is complicated and requires deliberation. Shared decision-making (SDM) helps to address those needs and promote informed value-based decisions. However, little is known about the SDM status for BR in BC patients. This scoping review describes: 1) basic characteristics of studies on BR SDM in BC patients; 2) factors influencing BR SDM in BC patients; 3) experience and perception of BR SDM in BC patients; and 4) outcome measures reported. This review was performed in accordance with the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. A total of 5 English and 4 Chinese databases were searched, as well as different sources from grey literature. The data extraction form was developed by referring to the objectives and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF). Data was analyzed using thematic analysis, framework analysis and descriptive statistics, with findings presented in the tables and diagrams. A total of 1481 records were retrieved and 42 of these included after screening. In 21 (21/42, 50%) of the studies, patient decision aids (PDAs) were utilized, and in 17 (17/42, 40.48%) of the studies, the factors influencing the implementation of SDM were explored. Of these 17 studies, the factors influencing the implementation of SDM were categorized into the following: the patient level (17/17, 100%), the healthcare level (2/17, 11.76%) and the organizational and system level (7/17, 41.18%). A total of 8 (19.05%) of the 42 studies focused on patients’ experiences and perceptions of SDM, and all studies used qualitative research methods. Of these 8 studies, a total of 7 (7/8, 87.50%) focused on patients’ experiences of SDM participation, and 4 (4/8, 50.00%) focused on patients’ perceptions of SDM. A total of 24 studies (24/42, 57.14%) involved quantitative outcome measures, where 49 items were divided into three classifications according to the outcomes of ODSF: the quality of the decision (17/24, 70.83%), the quality of the decision-making process (20/24, 83.33%), and impact (13/24, 54.17%). Although researchers have paid less attention to other research points in the field of SDM, compared to the design and application of SDM interventional tools, the research team still presents some equally noteworthy points through scoping review. For instance, the various factors influencing BC patients’ participation in SDM for BR (especially at the healthcare provider level and at the organizational system level), patients’ experiences and perceptions. Systematic reviews (SRs) should be conducted to quantify the impact of these different factors on BR SDM. Implementation of scientific theories and methods can inform the exploration and integration of these factors.

Women’s Experiences of Decision-making and Beliefs in Relation to Planned Cesarean Section: A Survey Study

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;61:106–115) The decision for planned cesarean delivery (CD) is often based on the preferences and beliefs of the patient or clinician. When decision-making is shared, patient satisfaction improves. The extent to which shared decision-making (SDM) occurs in Australia is unclear. Moreover, no studies have directly compared the preferences and beliefs of women undergoing planned CD at the recommendation of the clinician or at their own request. This study aimed to assess the mode of birth preferences of women in Australia and their experiences with SDM for CD. It also aimed to compare the experiences of SDM depending on whether a woman requested a CD or it was recommended by a clinician.

Shared Decision-Making and Role Preference Among Patients With Schizophrenia in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Shared decision-making (SDM) is recognized as a promising strategy for improving collaboration between clinicians and their patients in achieving recovery. In Malaysia, SDM among people with schizophrenia is still lacking both in practice and in research. This study aimed to determine the level of SDM and role preference and their associated factors among patients with schizophrenia in Malaysia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 outpatient attendees with schizophrenia at a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The nine-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire and Control Preference Scale were used to assess perceived SDM experience and role preference, respectively. Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with SDM and role preference, respectively. Factors with a p <0.25 from the simple regression analyses were controlled as the covariates in the multiple regression analyses.Results: The study respondents were predominantly female, single, and unemployed, with a mean age of 44 years. Only 35% of the participants reported having high SDM experiences, even though the majority (56%) preferred autonomous role preference. Among the participants who preferred autonomous roles, only 40% experienced high SDM. High SDM was found to be significantly associated with being younger (B = −0.33, 95% CI = −0.67 to −0.003) and being non-clozapine users (B = 19.90, 95% CI = 9.39–30.41), while autonomous role preference was significantly associated with a lower level of insight [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72–0.99] and being on oral antipsychotic drugs only (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.10–7.82).Conclusion: The practice of SDM is still lacking in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia in Malaysia, even though many of them preferred to be involved in the decision-making pertaining to their treatment. This study indicates the need for clinicians to improve their patients' involvement in the treatment process. More research is needed on how SDM can be implemented in patients with schizophrenia, especially in Asian population settings.

Parent/Carer-Reported Experience of Shared Decision Making at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: A Multilevel Modelling Approach.

Background and Objective: Shared decision making (SDM) has been associated with positive outcomes at child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). However, implementing SDM is sometimes challenging. Understanding the factors associated with parent/carer experience of SDM could provide empirical evidence to support targeted efforts to promote SDM. This study aimed to explore the frequency of parent/carer-reported experience of SDM and examine possible associations between SDM and clinician's perceptions of the (a) children's and young people's psychosocial difficulties, (b) additional complex problems, and (c) impact of the psychosocial difficulties.Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted on administrative data collected from CAMHS between 2011 and 2015. The sample was composed of 3,175 cases across 58 sites in England. Frequencies were recorded and associations were explored between clinician-reported measures and parent/carer-reported experiences of SDM using a two-level mixed-effect logistic regression analytic approach.Results: Almost 70% of parents/carers reported experiencing higher levels of SDM. Individual-level variables in model one revealed statistically significant (p <0.05) associations suggesting Asian parents/carers (OR = 1.95, 95% CI [1.4, 2.73]) and parents/carers having children with learning difficulties (OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.06, 1.97]) were more likely to report higher levels of SDM. However, having two parents/carers involved in the child's care and treatment decisions (OR = 0.3, 95% CI [0.21, 0.44]) and being a parent/carer of a child or young person experiencing conduct problems (OR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.63, 0.98]) were associated with lower levels of SDM. When adjusting for service level data (model two) the presence of conduct problems was the only variable found to be significant and predicted lower levels of SDM (OR = 0.29, 95% CI [0.52, 0.58]).Conclusion: Multilevel modelling of CAMHS administrative data may help identify potential influencing factors to SDM. The current findings may inform useful models to better predict and support SDM.

Shared Decision Making in Primary Care Based Depression Treatment: Communication and Decision-Making Preferences Among an Underserved Patient Population.

Objectives: Although depression is a significant public health issue, many individuals experiencing depressive symptoms are not effectively linked to treatment by their primary care provider, with underserved populations have disproportionately lower rates of engagement in depression care. Shared decision making (SDM) is an evidence-based health communication framework that can improve collaboration and optimize treatment for patients, but there is much unknown about how to translate SDM into primary care depression treatment among underserved communities. This study seeks to explore patients' experiences of SDM, and articulate communication and decision-making preferences among an underserved patient population receiving depression treatment in an urban, safety net primary care clinic.Methods: Twenty-seven patients with a depressive disorder completed a brief, quantitative survey and an in-depth semi-structured interview. Surveys measured patient demographics and their subjective experience of SDM. Qualitative interview probed for patients' communication preferences, including ideal decision-making processes around depression care. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Univariate statistics report quantitative findings.Results: Overall qualitative and quantitative findings indicate high levels of SDM. Stigma related to depression negatively affected patients' initial attitude toward seeking treatment, and underscored the importance of patient-provider rapport. In terms of communication and decision-making preferences, patients preferred collaboration with doctors during the information sharing process, but desired control over the final, decisional outcome. Trust between patients and providers emerged as a critical precondition to effective SDM. Respondents highlighted several provider behaviors that helped facilitated such an optimal environment for SDM to occur.Conclusion: Underserved patients with depression preferred taking an active role in their depression care, but looked for providers as partner in this process. Due to the stigma of depression, effective SDM first requires primary care providers to ensure that they have created a safe and trusting environment where patients are able to discuss their depression openly.