Indonesian Experience Research Articles

Revisiting the history of colonialism and international law in Indonesia: the legacies of G. J. Resink

Power is exercised through truth claims, as seen in the case of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. Gertrudes Johan Resink, a scholar of international law, successfully exposed the history of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia and demonstrated the pre-existence of international law before European expansion by considering the role of international law in Indonesia’s history. This article examines Resink’s legacy and the potential for elaborating further on his ideas in Indonesia’s history of international law. Although this article deals with a specific context, the Indonesian experience can contribute to the history and development of international law in the region more generally.

Specific features of production and use of transportation biofuels in selected developing countries (part II)

Aim. To identify specific features of production and use of transportation biofuels in selected developing countries, as well as to assess the potential of bioethanol industry development in the Russian Federation (RF).Objectives. To assess the economic efficiency of bioethanol production in Russia; to reveal the potential of applying foreign experience in the development of bioethanol industry in our country.Methods. In the process of the research the methods of system analysis, comparative analysis, method of expert evaluations, mathematical, statistical methods were applied.Results. The actual estimation of economic efficiency of bioethanol production in Russia was obtained. The cost of a unit of bioethanol, which is equivalent to a liter of gasoline in terms of energy content, is 5-36% higher than the cost of a liter of gasoline (depending on the production technology). At the same time, state support for the production and use of bioethanol in our country is reasonable. This will allow to create additional demand for grain crops and reduce carbon dioxide emissions from motor transport. The production and use of bioethanol will form an additional supply in the gasoline market, will give an opportunity to support projects on deep processing of grain and wood chemistry.Conclusions. The experience of Brazil, China and Indonesia in the development of bioethanol industry is relevant for Russia. At the same time, in order to minimize possible risks in the field of food security at the initial stage of bioethanol industry development, low-quality grain stocks should be used as feedstock and the production of second-generation bioethanol should be stimulated.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the country's national economy: The Indonesian experience

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of inflation, exchange rates, and the Covid-19 pandemic on Indonesia's trade balance position and to develop an empirical estimation model to predict its position. Method: The data used in this research are the inflation rate, exchange rate of rupiah to the US dollar, export value, and import value of Indonesia from January 2012 to March 2021. The econometric model used in this study was a binary logistic regression model. Results: The results indicate that The regression coefficient of the inflation rate is negative at 0.3621, with an odds ratio of 0.696. This suggests that 1 percent in inflation reduces the probability of a trade balance surplus of 0.696. The regression coefficient for the exchange rate was positive at 2.18, with an odds ratio of 8.85. This means that every 2.72 rupiah increase in the exchange rate raises the probability of a trade balance surplus of 8.85 times. However, this study does not find empirical evidence that inflation, exchange rates, and pandemic of Covid-19 have no impact on the position of Indonesia's trade balance. Limitations: This study focuses on two factors believed to influence the position of trade balance in Indonesia: the inflation rate and foreign exchange rates. Contributions: This study provides insights into government policy.

The effect of English learning media in improving student's writing skills through the mastery of different discourse markers

This research aims to determine the effect of learning media and mastery of discourse markers (DMs) on students' writing skills. Students in Indonesia experience many obstacles in their ability to write English. However, along with changes in students' needs in learning to write, digital-based learning media using Google Word Coach Game and Scrabble Word offers new ways to improve students' writing skills through teaching media Google Word Coach Game and Scrabble Word, learning media integrated with Mastering DMs can help improve students' writing skills. However, previous research still needs to incorporate mastery of DMs with the Google Word Coach Game and Scrabble Word learning media. Therefore, this research looks at how the Google Word Coach Game and Scrabble word learning media integrated with mastery of DMs can improve students' English writing skills. This research also examines how the interaction between the Google Word Coach Game and Scrabble word learning media is integrated with mastery of DMs. This research suggests a Google Word Coach Game and Scrabble Word learning media and provides suggestions about the importance of mastering DMs for students in high schools in Indonesia. It also outlines how to test these suggestions and suggests directions for future research.

International organisation law as a political instrument and indonesia's experience in case studies

International organisation law as a political instrument and indonesia's experience in case studies

GOVERNMENT ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTS TO STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES TO PROVIDE INFRASTRUCTURE: INDONESIA’S EXPERIENCE

This paper aims to evaluate the peculiarities of a mechanism utilised by the Indonesian government to conduct infrastructure development, that is, the government’s assignment of contracts to state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This mechanism differs from public procurement or public-private partnership. This paper raises three questions: (1) What are the advantages and disadvantages of employing government assignment of contracts to SOEs? (2) What should be done to prevent the disadvantages? and (3) What lessons can be learned by other countries from the Indonesian experience? This paper employs qualitative legal research. It starts by analysing public satisfaction and dissatisfaction as reflected in the news, literature and interviews. The legal causes of dissatisfaction which are basically the problematic regulations, are then analysed. Finally, the legal principles and legal concepts enshrined within the regulations are examined to seek legal solutions. The advantages of the government’s assignment of contracts to SOEs are to simplify the tender process and to enable the government to quickly provide infrastructure. Nonetheless, the private sector feels aggrieved because the regulations that dictate when a project may be contracted to an SOE are unclear, and public funding is predominantly circulated among the SOE groups. To address these problems, the government should adhere to the globally recognised principles of equality and accountability and the concepts of competitive neutrality and the right to development. The bittersweet Indonesian experiences maybe not only the refinement of the Indonesian law and policy, but also their use as food for thought for any country considering infrastructure development.

Penyuluhan tentang Cara Mengatasi Dismenorea pada Remaja Puteri di SMA Takwa Palembang

Dysmenorrhea is considered a normal complaint experienced during menstruation. Pain arises due to contractions that occur in the uterus. These contractions function to shed menstrual blood that sticks to the uterine wall. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports globally that the incidence of dysmenorrhea is still very high. The incidence of dysmenorrhea in young women was 16.8-81% in 2018. The results of Riskesdas (2018) showed that the number of dysmenorrhea cases was 64.25%. It is estimated that as many as 90% of women in Indonesia experience menstrual pain, but do not report it to health services. The aim of this activity is to increase the knowledge of SMA Takwa Palembang students about how to deal with complaints of menstrual pain. The results of the activity showed that the average knowledge of young women had increased after the counseling activities, namely 34.8. On average, participants said they experienced menstrual pain on the first day of menstruation with varying duration of pain. It is hoped that young women will practice the knowledge gained in this activity when they feel menstrual pain.

The Effect of Tourism Restriction Policies and Ecology-Oriented Marketing Strategies on Reducing Over-Tourism and Tourist Experience in Indonesia

This research investigates the effectiveness of tourism restriction policies and ecologically oriented marketing strategies in addressing over-tourism and enhancing tourist experiences in Indonesia. A quantitative analysis was conducted using data collected from tourists visiting selected destinations in Indonesia. The measurement model assessment confirmed the reliability and validity of the constructs, while the structural model analysis revealed significant positive relationships between ecology-oriented marketing strategies and both reducing over-tourism and tourist experience, as well as between tourism restriction policies and these outcome variables. The findings highlight the importance of integrating marketing and policy interventions into destination management practices to achieve sustainable tourism development goals. By adopting a holistic approach, destinations can enhance visitor satisfaction, protect natural and cultural resources, and foster long-term sustainability.

Perspektif Hukum Medical Tourism di Indonesia: Prospek dan Tantangan

It is estimated that the medical tourism industry in Asia will be worth US$4 billion by 2022, and Indonesia is positioning itself as one of the main players in the region, expecting revenues of up to US$590 million in five years. In 2022 alone, Indonesia received 341,288 medical tourists with an income of 253.84 million. Thus, the potential of this industry is very large, and the Indonesian government is taking the right strategic steps in this direction. Medical tourism as it is currently practiced and promoted is a relatively new concept, although patients traveling long distances to seek medical care is nothing new. This journal explores the development and growth of medical tourism in a global context, as well as among key Asian players in the industry, before turning to the Indonesian experience. The role of key players in advancing the industry agenda, namely the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Association of Private Hospitals etc., will also be discussed. Finally, the challenges faced by an industry that is still in its infancy will also be discussed.

Pentingnya Penanaman Nilai – Nilai Pancasila Dalam Pendidikan Untuk Membangun Karakter Bangsa

Pancasila Education plays an important role in shaping the character of Indonesia's young generation amidst the challenges of globalization and technological advancement. The purpose of this research is to understand how Pancasila education can help the younger generation comprehend and internalize the values of Pancasila in their daily lives. The method used is qualitative analysis with a literature study approach. Data were collected from various literary sources, such as books, scientific journals, articles, and other reliable sources. The research results show that more than 70% of the young generation in Indonesia experience difficulties in understanding and applying Pancasila values. The lack of instilling Pancasila values in the educational curriculum has led to a decline in morals and ethics among the younger generation. Therefore, systematic, innovative, and contextual efforts in Pancasila education are needed to attract the interest of the younger generation and help them deeply understand Pancasila values. The conclusion of this research is that Pancasila education is crucial for the young generation of Indonesia to build a strong and moral national character.

Design of government agency’s performance accountability system best practice implementation: Indonesia experience

Research aims: This study aims to explain the performance accountability system best practice implementation of Yogyakarta Special Region’s (Yogyakarta) Local Government through a valid and reliable design that is ready to be adopted and used as a role model by other local governments.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach to reach the research objective. Research data was collected using in-depth interviews and documentation techniques.Research findings: This study succeeds in realizing a design by providing an applicable template as a recommendation tool compiled from seventeen items of success measures that are the performance accountability system’s best practices at the Yogyakarta Local Government. This study becomes more complex because it has been equipped with simulations of template filling out as well as a comparative analysis of the performance accountability system’s implementation between the Yogyakarta Local Government and the Central Java Local Government. The results of filling out the template for the Central Java Local Government revealed that 88% of the success measures have been applied, and another 12% have not.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study provides an academic contribution as a reference related to the performance accountability system of government agencies.Practitioner/Policy implication: This study also provides a practical contribution to other local governments regarding the application of the performance accountability system’s best practices at the Yogyakarta Local Government through the design of the performance accountability system’s best practices that can be adopted and used as a role model in strengthening the performance accountability system.Research limitation/Implication: This study has limitations, namely that the researcher was unable to conduct interviews with the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform due to communication problems, which prevented the interview process from being carried out.

Indonesian experience in providing accuracy-based proficiency testing scheme using metrologically traceable reference values for elements mass fraction in drinking water

Indonesian experience in providing accuracy-based proficiency testing scheme using metrologically traceable reference values for elements mass fraction in drinking water

Islamic finance principles and performance of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Makindye Division Kampala District Central Uganda

PurposeMicro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are vital for economic growth in developing countries. Yet, little research has explored the link between Islamic principles and MSME performance, especially in Uganda. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Islamic financial principles and MSMEs’ performance in Makindye Division Kampala – Uganda.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a correlational research design involving 86 respondents from 30 MSMEs between January and May 2023. Data collected through questionnaires was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences, examining three independent variables: ethicality, Halal investment and prohibition of riba, in relation to MSME performance.FindingsThe results revealed significant relationships between these variables and MSME performance. Prohibition of riba (r = 0.296, n = 86, p = 0.006), Halal investments (r = 0.308, n = 86, p = 0.004) and ethical principles (r = 0.283, n = 86, p = 0.008) all exhibited a statistically significant relationship. Regression analysis with R = 0.405, R2 = 0.164 and adjusted R2 = 0.134 indicated that all hypothesized variables were significant predictors of MSME performance. Based on findings, this study rejected the null hypothesis, confirming a moderately positive and significant relationship between Islamic financial principles and MSME performance.Originality/valueThis study underscores the importance of active involvement from key stakeholders such as the Uganda Halal Bureau, Uganda Muslim Supreme Council, Islamic financial institutions and government agencies in integrating robust support mechanisms for MSMEs into their strategic frameworks. Such efforts could enhance Uganda’s economic landscape, aligning with the experiences of Malaysia and Indonesia in leveraging Islamic principles for economic growth.

The Influence of Purchasing Channels and Brands on Purchasing Decisions Freight Forwarding Services PT Pos Indonesia

The experience and extensive network of goods delivery service PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) does not make it the main choice for consumers. In fact, recently the goods delivery service PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) has always been inferior to its competitors from private companies. There are at least two top factors in choosing PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) goods delivery services by consumers, namely purchasing channel selection and brand selection. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of purchasing channel selection and brand selection on purchasing decisions for PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) goods delivery services among e-commerce consumers. The research method used in this research is a quantitative research method using primary data obtained using a questionnaire distributed to 97 people and using secondary data as supporting data. The analytical methods used in this research are validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test consisting of normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, hypothesis test using the f test, t test, and coefficient of determination test. The results of this research show that the choice of purchasing channel and brand choice influence partially or jointly the decision to purchase PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) goods delivery services among e-commerce consumers.

Mental Health Among Hypertensive People and its Associated Factors: Findings From RISKESDAS 2018 Data

This study aims to investigate the complex relationship between general mental health issues, specifically depression, and hypertension, and to identify associated factors among individuals affected by these conditions in Indonesia. Using data from the Indonesia National Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2018, the study included a large sample of 88,590 individuals aged 30−59 with hypertension from various provinces and districts across Indonesia. The findings show that 11.5% of hypertensive individuals in the 30−59 age range in Indonesia experience general mental health problems, including common mental disorders, while 7.0% exhibit symptoms of depression. Importantly, individuals with multiple coexisting health conditions are more susceptible to mental health issues. Furthermore, factors such as female gender, lower educational attainment, unmarried status, unemployment, physician-diagnosed hypertension, and the presence of other concurrent health conditions are identified as contributors to an increased likelihood of experiencing general mental health problems and depression. Finally, this study emphasizes the importance of addressing mental health concerns among individuals dealing with hypertension and other non-communicable diseases in Indonesia, with a particular focus on those with lower educational levels, unmarried status, and unemployment.

Social media, trust and intention to pay zakat through institution: lessons from Indonesian experience

PurposeThis study aims to elaborate on the antecedents of muzakki (zakat payers) paying zakat (Islamic philanthropy) through institutions with social media arrangements, while the drivers of social media engagement are used in the conceptual model with trust and intention.Design/methodology/approachOverall, the final sample of 230 respondents was obtained through the database of official zakat management institutions. Regarding analytical tools, this study combines the partial least square structural equation modelling and necessary condition analysis approaches to explore research findings.FindingsThe findings show that firm-generated information and trust play an important role directly and indirectly. At the same time, other constructions, such as social factors and user-based factors, provide variations in necessary conditions to increase the muzakki’s intention to channel their zakat through institutions.Practical implicationsZakat institutions must focus on improving social media-based services by integrating important information, such as credibility and transparency, with muzakki’s preferences. Additionally, zakat information on social media must be attractively packaged and contain facilities that muzakki can use in communicating, such as; their opinions, suggestions and input. The findings, in general, underscore the attachment between muzakki and zakat institutions through social media, which can significantly impact the positive environment of zakat institutions.Originality/valueTo the author’s knowledge, this study is pioneering in conceptualizing and testing a theoretical model linking drivers of social media engagement, trust and intention to pay zakat through the institution, particularly in the levels of necessity.

Defining undergraduate medical students' physician identity: Learning from Indonesian experience

Introduction: Developing a professional identity involves understanding what it means to be a professional in a certain sociocultural context. Hence, defining the characteristics and/or attributes of a professional (ideal) physician is an important step in developing educational strategies that support professional identity formation. To date, there are still limited studies that explore undergraduate medical students’ professional identity. This study aimed to define the characteristics and/or attributes of an ideal physician from five first-year and three fourth-year undergraduate medical students. Methods: Qualitative case studies were conducted with eight undergraduate medical students from a private Catholic medical school in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study findings were generated from participants’ in-depth interviews using in vivo coding and thematic analysis. Findings were triangulated with supporting evidence obtained from classroom observations and faculty interviews. Results: First-year participants modeled their professional identities based on their memorable prior interactions with one or more physicians. They mainly cited humanistic attributes as a part of their professional identity. Fourth-year participants emphasised clinical competence and excellence as a major part of their professional identities, while maintaining humanistic and social responsibilities as supporting attributes. Several characteristics unique to Indonesian’s physician identity were ‘Pengayom’ and ‘Jiwa Sosial’. Conclusion: Study participants defined their professional identities based on Indonesian societal perceptions of physicians, prior interactions with healthcare, and interactions with medical educators during formal and informal learning activities. Keywords: Professional Identity Formation, Indonesia Undergraduate Medical Students, Physician Identity

Tourist experience of Indonesia’s tourism in the era of digitalization

<p>Millennials are stakeholders as well as consumers of the tourism sector for a country. Millennials' needs, wants, habits, and behavior, especially regarding the use of new media in daily life, are seen as important things to pay attention to. Millennial characteristics, competitiveness and attractiveness of tourist destinations, and public relations are important concepts in this study. In this context, Malaysian tourists visiting Indonesia provided input regarding digital tourism in Indonesia. The main concepts used were Social Media and Digital Era for Tourism. Qualitative case studies were the research methodology in this study. The data collection technique used was in-depth interviews. The informants in this study were Malaysian tourists, totaling 6 people. The results show that the tourism experience of foreign tourists provides valuable information regarding the use of information and communication technology for better tourism in Indonesia.</p>

Assessing state commitment to gender equality: A feminist legal perspective on legislative processes in Indonesia and beyond

This study determines how feminism evaluates the State's understanding of and commitment to gender equality in the legislative process. The sociolegal research method was utilised, and the primary theoretical framework that guided this investigation was feminist legal theory. Although this research is focused on the experiences of Indonesia, the findings of this study can also serve as a reflection of those of other countries. Even though gender equality is strongly linked to discrimination based on gender, the public often views it as inconsequential. The establishment of the CEDAW, a milestone in the fight against gender inequality, especially for women, pushes the State or government to ratify the Convention by making it a national law. CEDAW does not guarantee that a country is free from all forms of discrimination against women; more measures are needed, such as establishing a law to eliminate gender discrimination and realising and preserving the right. Legislation, as intended, is inadequate for guaranteeing that gender discrimination has been eliminated from a country; a solid commitment to attaining gender equality, in short, respecting the law and its execution, is essential. Law enforcement, removing discrimination, and protecting human rights are closely related. This study will show how law and its enforcement affect gender equality in Indonesia. Dedication to gender equality can be used as a reference for legal relations and gender equality enforcement, which can be used as a resource for legal change and the recognition that gender equality is not a small matter and demands state commitment.

Multicultural-Based Public Policy: The Experience of Indonesia in Managing Diversity for National Resilience

The management of societal diversity through multicultural-based public policies is an interesting issue that is developing in the democratic system of the Indonesian nation today. This research aims to analyze multicultural-based public policy in three elements such as managing diversity, democratic politics, and national identity in strengthening Indonesia's national resilience. Through a study of the intertextuality of documents on multicultural issues, this research analyzes library data related to the policy concepts, regulations, and responses of society to the practice of multicultural policies in the public sector. The findings of this research describe several multicultural policies that are difficult to implement in the democratic political system of Indonesia. It often deals with identity politics based on religion. To strengthen national identity, the Indonesian government applies two essential philosophies in all aspects of national life, namely Pancasila and Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Both contain strong multicultural values as the historical heritage of the Indonesian society which are continuously maintained through the policy of establishing the Pancasila Ideology Development Agency (BPIP). Multicultural-based public policies have strengthened national identity, nationalism attitude, social integration of society that supports the resilience of the Indonesian nation for unity in its diversity to date