Experience Of Deprivation Research Articles

Identifying cognitive, affective, and developmental mechanisms linking threat and deprivation with adolescent psychopathology.

The mechanisms linking early-life adversity with psychopathology over the life-course are complex. In this prospective study, we collectively examined cognitive, affective, and developmental mediators previously found to individually link childhood threat and deprivation experiences to adolescent psychopathology to identify the most potent mechanisms. Data came from a community sample of 227 children (mean child age 11.5 ± 0.5 years, 48.5% female) from the Seattle metro area with recruitment designed to reflect diversity in family income. Candidate mechanisms included self-rated pubertal development and task-measured attention bias to threat, emotion regulation, theory of mind, fear learning, inhibitory control, language ability, reasoning, and reward sensitivity. Using a high-dimensional mediation approach, we determined which mediating pathways linking threat and deprivation to psychopathology persisted after controlling for all candidate mechanisms associated with psychopathology. Models additionally controlled for the child's age, sex, early-childhood emotional and behavioral symptoms, poverty, and maternal depression. Blunted reward sensitivity mediated the prospective relationship between threat and internalizing psychopathology, explaining 17.25% (95% CI 1.08%, 69.96%) of this association. Advanced pubertal development was associated with increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms (standardized associations of 0.16 (95% CI 0.03, 0.29) and 0.17 (95% CI 0.05, 0.29), respectively), but not with adversity. Although deprivation was strongly related to psychopathology, no mechanisms were empirically identified. In a well-characterized community sample, we isolated reward sensitivity as a robust mediator of the prospective association between early-life threat and adolescent internalizing psychopathology. Interventions aimed at bolstering reward sensitivity may mitigate the impact of early-life threat experiences on internalizing problems.

1.Y.1. Navigating choppy water for global health competencies, education and innovation in Europe

Abstract Global health is rapidly evolving against a backdrop of increasingly complicated, intersecting challenges and crises across health, socio-economic and ecological systems. Interconnected social justice movements call for greater acknowledgement, accountability and qualified responses to address inequities and their structural drivers. The field of global health is going through a period of reckoning and debate about how colonial legacies and structural inequities pervade the sector and how activities of global health professionals across research, policy and practice are complicit in and perpetuating them. Simultaneously, global health education (GHE) is growing, with new speciality degrees and core or elective courses integrated into degrees in medicine, health and other disciplines. Thus, GHE holds great potential as a space to train future professionals with competencies and aptitudes to confront inequalities through innovative, evidence-informed and sensitive approaches. Yet it is also a space in which inequalities may be reproduced through material and epistemic injustices. To address these paradoxical tensions, transformation in GHE is needed in terms of what is taught, how it is taught and who is involved in teaching. This Pecha Kucha workshop will contribute to this discourse by exploring perspectives on issues including: i) What key competencies and content should be included in GHE across different disciplines and Bachelor, Master or Doctoral level?; ii) How can we better practice and develop in educators and students critical perspectives and capacities to be equipped for and responsive to inequities and social injustice?; and iii) How can we ensure meaningful engagement and partnership in education with countries across varied contexts and communities with direct lived experience of marginalisation and deprivation? Four panellists with diverse backgrounds and perspectives will provide insights on their initiatives to tackles such issues within their own institutions and European alliances, followed by a short discussion with the audience. The presentations will emphasise the need to progressively build affective, practical and cognitive competencies to critically engage with historical, geopolitical and structural inequities and injustices, including how they manifest in local contexts. Panellists will highlight examples of innovative methods and approaches to build these capacities, including through co-design in education that fosters self-reflexivity in students and builds alliances and partnerships with non-academic stakeholders, such as civil society and people with lived experience. The Pecha Kucha workshop aims to inspire exchange across institutions and countries, and with the audience, about how we can collaboratively set our compasses and our sails to navigate the choppy waters of tackling pervasive colonial legacies and sailing towards an equitable, inclusive and effective future for education and action in global health. Key messages • Transformation is urgently needed to ensure that global health education builds curricula and competencies that are sensitive and responsive to historical injustice and structural inequities. • Equitable partnerships across institutions and with diverse stakeholders, and innovative educational approaches such as gamification and co-design, can address tensions in global health education. Speakers/Panelists Henrique Barros ASPHER, Porto, Portugal Victoria Saint Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany Francisco Mboufana Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Executive Secretary, Maputo, Mozambique Mariam Sbaiti Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

Associations between changes in deprivation and alcohol use disorder: a nationwide longitudinal study.

Despite conflicting findings on the association between socioeconomic status and drinking, little is known about the impact of deprivation as a measure of inequality on alcohol use disorders (AUDs). We used the Korea Welfare Panel Study, a longitudinal survey conducted from 2012 to 2022, and included 1569 Korean adult participants. Deprivation (at least one including food, housing, medical, educational, and credit deprivation) was measured by self-report and divided into four categories according to the change in deprivation experience from the previous year to the following year. AUD was measured using the Korean version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scale. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals and adjusted for confounders. Among 1569 participants, worsened deprivation and consistent deprivation were positively associated with AUD compared to non-deprivation. In particular, worsened deprivation was more likely to be associated with AUD in participants with low household income, high school education level, and economic activity. We found that worsened deprivation and consistent deprivation were associated with AUD. Deprivation should be considered as a health policy intervention to improve drinking problems.

Residential mobility amongst children and young people in Wales: A longitudinal study using linked administrative records

BackgroundChild poverty remains a major global concern and a child's experience of deprivation is heavily shaped by where they live and the stability of their local neighbourhood. This study examines frequencies and patterns of residential mobility in children and young people (CYP) at a population level using novel geospatial techniques to assess how often their physical environment changes and to identify geographical variations in social mobility.MethodsWe used routinely collected administrative records held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank for CYP aged under 18 years living in Wales between 2012 and 2022. We calculated the Moran's I statistic to assess the magnitude of Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA)-level geographic variation in residential mobility and used the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) to identify clusters of LSOAs where there are higher rates of residential mobility.ResultsThis study included 923,531 CYP, with 58% having moved at least once during the study period. A total number of 1,209,102 house moves were recorded, 59% of which occurred between the ages of 0 and 5 years. Almost 10% of the cohort resided in five or more dwellings before the age of 18 years. In terms of area-level (LSOA) deprivation, 75% of house moves were to areas with the same or higher levels of deprivation, leaving only 25% of house moves that achieved upward social mobility. Clustering of residential mobility was identified predominantly in areas of high deprivation.ConclusionThe findings of this study show that residential mobility is linked with socio-economic circumstances and is experienced by over half of CYP in Wales. Understanding where CYP live, their mobility patterns and which areas have high levels of influx and efflux is crucial for policymakers to generate well-informed, targeted and effective child-focused interventions.

Associations of threat and deprivation-related childhood exposures with children’s mental health and flourishing: The moderating role of family resilience

IntroductionThe association of adverse childhood experience (ACE) with physical and mental well-being is predominantly examined using a cumulative ACE score. However, less is known how different dimensions of adversity (e.g., threat and deprivation) may uniquely predict children’s mental health and development. We examined (i) whether two aspects of ACE – threat and deprivation – are differently associated with children’s anxiety, depression, and flourishing and (ii) whether family resilience and connection index (FRCI) moderates these associations. MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Survey of Children’s Health (2017–20). The analytic sample consisted of 81,626 children (6–17 years). Logistic regression with survey weights was used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for sociodemographic factors. ResultsThe experience of threat-only ACE and deprivation-only ACE showed differential associations with anxiety, depression, and child flourishing. For example, children who experienced threat-only ACE had a 4.2-fold higher odds of depression (OR=4.2; 95 % CI: 3.37–5.24), and those who experienced deprivation-only ACE had a 2.4-fold (OR=2.4; 95 % CI: 1.98–2.92) higher odds of depression compared to those exposed to neither threat nor deprivation experience. Experiencing both a threat and deprivation showed larger than an additive association with all outcomes. Further, interaction models suggest that the associations of threat and deprivation-type ACE with all outcomes significantly differed by the levels of FRCI. ConclusionsThreat and deprivation dimensions of adversity were differentially associated with mental health and flourishing outcomes in childhood. Family resilience appears to be protective against the negative effect of threat and deprivation dimensions of ACE on children’s mental health and developmental outcomes.

Influence of social determinants of health and adversity on computerized neurocognitive assessment

Introduction: Social determinants of health and adversity, including poverty, maltreatment, and neighborhood deprivation, are individual-level factors that may significantly affect baseline neurocognitive testing and management that have yet to be thoroughly explored within the computerized neurocognitive assessment.Objectives: Examine individual-level experiences of poverty, abuse, neighborhood deprivation, and social mobility on computerized cognitive testing.Methods: The sample included 3,845 student-athletes who completed a baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and were enrolled in the Child-Household Integrated Longitudinal Data database. Multivariable linear regressions were used to assess independent variables of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program enrollment, abuse or neglect cases, Area Deprivation Index scores, and other demographic factors on four baseline ImPACT composite scores: verbal and visual memory, visuomotor, and reaction time.Results: Individual-level factors of persistent poverty and neighborhood deprivation were associated with lower composite scores; however, upward social mobility was not significantly associated with cognitive performance. The effects of mother’s race on computerized cognitive testing performance were attenuated when accounting for measures of adversity.Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of social determinants of health in computerized neurocognitive testing to ensure more culturally sensitive and precise understanding of athletic baselines.

Beyond Angry White Men: a progressive sociological imagination as an alternative to aggrieved entitlement

ABSTRACT Michael Kimmel, in his book Angry White Men, argues a sense of aggrieved entitlement is central to the experiences of white American men drawn to the far-right. The concept captures both a sense of relative deprivation and rage at having something valuable snatched away. Rather than viewing wealth inequality, insecure work, or being locked out of the housing market as outcomes triggered by neoliberal capitalism, aggrieved entitlement misdirects rage to typical scapegoats – women and minority groups – perceived to be advancing at one’s expense. Some participants in our qualitative study of white Australian men’s political attitudes/experiences demonstrated aggrieved entitlement. Significantly, findings also revealed a counter to aggrieved entitlement, described here as a progressive sociological imagination. Despite significant experiences of relative deprivation, some participants cultivated an awareness of their privilege and blamed neoliberal capitalism for their hardships. Fostering a (progressive) sociological imagination, particularly among younger white men, may be important in undermining the appeal of far-right politics.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Complex Trauma and Strengths Questionnaire: psychometric evaluation

ABSTRACT Objective Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (complex trauma) describes a cluster of symptoms frequently associated with prolonged exposure to inescapable threats or abuse. For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia impacted by complex trauma, there may be compounding factors, such as experiences of historical trauma, loss and socio-economic deprivation stemming from colonisation. However, there is no culturally appropriate tool to assess complex trauma. This paper presents the psychometric evaluation of a preliminary version Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Complex Trauma and Strengths Questionnaire (ACTSQ). Methods Following 2 years of rigorous Aboriginal-led co-design, participants were recruited through community networks and partner health services in South Australia, Victoria, and Northern Territory (October 2020–May 2022). A trained interviewer contacted Aboriginal (n = 109) and Torres Strait Islander (n = 1) parents aged >16 years by phone to complete the ACTSQ. Underlying domain structures were investigated with exploratory factor analysis and reviewed by experts to refine. Reliability and inter-rater reliability were assessed using McDonald’s Omega and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results Forty-four items on five factors were retained. Factors were labelled complex trauma symptoms (16 items), grief, loss and disconnection (6 items), support and relationships (9 items), sense of self and strengths (7 items), and Cultural connections and resources (6 items). There were moderate correlations between factors, with the exception of factor 5. Omega was >0.75 for all factors. The inter-rater reliability for each factor was fair to good (ICC 0.5–0.7). Conclusions This study conducted a comprehensive psychometric validation that provides initial evidence towards the cultural validity of the ACTSQ to support assessment of complex trauma and strengths among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Future studies are required to replicate and further evaluate the psychometric properties of the ACTSQ using larger samples.

Interpersonal Violence in Elite U.S. Athletes: Prevalence and Mental Health Correlates

ABSTRACT This study assessed the prevalence of interpersonal violence (IV) experienced by elite U.S. athletes. Athletes were surveyed about experiences of emotional, physical, sexual violence, and deprivation of food or water, as well as questions about mental health indices, identity characteristics, and who perpetrated the harm. Of the total sample, 57.8% reported experiencing some form of IV in sport. Most athletes who experienced IV experienced multiple forms with a large overlap between emotional abuse and other forms of violence. A significant relationship was found between reporting any form of IV and having been diagnosed with one or more psychiatric disorders – particularly anxiety, depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. IV was also significantly associated with self-reported eating disorders. A particularly strong association was found between reporting being deprived of food in sport and reporting an eating disorder. This study reveals a critical need for more research focused on the traumatic effects of IV in sport. The potential for detrimental effects on athletes’ mental health also underscores the need for improvements in the prevention and early detection of IV in sport.

Changes in visually and auditory attended audiovisual speech processing in cochlear implant users: A longitudinal ERP study

Limited auditory input, whether caused by hearing loss or by electrical stimulation through a cochlear implant (CI), can be compensated by the remaining senses. Specifically for CI users, previous studies reported not only improved visual skills, but also altered cortical processing of unisensory visual and auditory stimuli. However, in multisensory scenarios, it is still unclear how auditory deprivation (before implantation) and electrical hearing experience (after implantation) affect cortical audiovisual speech processing.Here, we present a prospective longitudinal electroencephalography (EEG) study which systematically examined the deprivation- and CI-induced alterations of cortical processing of audiovisual words by comparing event-related potentials (ERPs) in postlingually deafened CI users before and after implantation (five weeks and six months of CI use). A group of matched normal-hearing (NH) listeners served as controls. The participants performed a word-identification task with congruent and incongruent audiovisual words, focusing their attention on either the visual (lip movement) or the auditory speech signal. This allowed us to study the (top-down) attention effect on the (bottom-up) sensory cortical processing of audiovisual speech.When compared to the NH listeners, the CI candidates (before implantation) and the CI users (after implantation) exhibited enhanced lipreading abilities and an altered cortical response at the N1 latency range (90–150 ms) that was characterized by a decreased theta oscillation power (4–8 Hz) and a smaller amplitude in the auditory cortex. After implantation, however, the auditory-cortex response gradually increased and developed a stronger intra-modal connectivity. Nevertheless, task efficiency and activation in the visual cortex was significantly modulated in both groups by focusing attention on the visual as compared to the auditory speech signal, with the NH listeners additionally showing an attention-dependent decrease in beta oscillation power (13–30 Hz).In sum, these results suggest remarkable deprivation effects on audiovisual speech processing in the auditory cortex, which partially reverse after implantation. Although even experienced CI users still show distinct audiovisual speech processing compared to NH listeners, pronounced effects of (top-down) direction of attention on (bottom-up) audiovisual processing can be observed in both groups. However, NH listeners but not CI users appear to show enhanced allocation of cognitive resources in visually as compared to auditory attended audiovisual speech conditions, which supports our behavioural observations of poorer lipreading abilities and reduced visual influence on audition in NH listeners as compared to CI users.

Foster Care Leads to Lower Irritability Among Adolescents with a History of Early Psychosocial Deprivation.

Irritability reflects a propensity for frustration and anger, and is a transdiagnostic symptom of both externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. While early adverse experiences are associated with higher levels of irritability, experiences of early psychosocial deprivation and whether family-based placements can mitigate the impact on subsequent irritability, remain underexplored. The current study examined irritability in 107 16-year-olds with a history of institutional care from a randomized controlled trial of foster care as an alternative to institutional care and 49 community comparison children. At age 16 years, irritability was assessed using parent- and self-report forms of the Affective Reactivity Index. Compared to community adolescents, those with a history of institutional care exhibited significantly elevated irritability levels. Among those who experienced institutional care, those randomized to foster care had lower levels of irritability compared to participants randomized to the care-as-usual group, and this effect persists after controlling for baseline negative emotionality. These findings suggest a causal link between high-quality foster care and lower irritability following psychosocial deprivation. Additionally, longer duration in institutional care and non-family placement at age 16 years were associated with higher levels of irritability, highlighting the role of caregiving in explaining variation in irritability in adolescence. Policies that support long-term, high-quality family placements for children without regular caregivers should be prioritized.

“An enormous sadness touched with rue”: The pathos of oneness in Cormac McCarthy's Suttree

AbstractIn Cormac McCarthy's Suttree, the novel's titular protagonist Cornelius Suttree resists his father's self‐righteous conviction in the Nietzschean “pathos of distance” by living among Knoxville's helpless and destitute and testing the theory that “there is nothing occurring in the streets.” Among the city's underclass, Suttree finds a commonality in human suffering and comes to the profound realization that “all souls are one and all souls lonely.” The essay demonstrates how Suttree's personal experience of dearth and deprivation and the sense of fellow feeling, pity, and outrage elicited from his perception of and concern for the frequently unjust suffering of others are instances of pathos that persuade him to reject his father's aristocratic and elitist “pathos of distance” in favor of the egalitarian and democratic “pathos of oneness.”

Gambling in a U.S. Census Matched Sample: Examining Interactions between Means and Motives in Predicting Problematic Outcomes

The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on risk of Problem Gambling (PG) is complex, particularly given recent evidence that SES should be understood in both objective and subjective terms. Likewise, financial gambling motives have been found to be predictive of PG; however, financial motives are less understood in comparison to other gambling motives. Preliminary findings on SES and gambling points towards a pattern of social inequality in which those with the least financial resources (e.g., income) or that feel financially deprived relative to others (e.g., perceived deprivation) experience greater harm and problems. In a weighted, census matched sample of adults in the U.S. (N = 1,348), the present study examined the interaction between financial gambling motives and income and financial gambling motives and perceived deprivation in predicting PG. Findings provided support for both financial gambling motives and perceived deprivation as robust predictors of PG. Further, results provided unique insights into the role subjective economic standing may play in the relationship between financial motives for gambling and risk of PG.

Experiences of Adversity and Validity of Baseline Concussion Testing.

Neurocognitive testing is a critical tool in the management of sport-related concussions. Adversity during childhood and adolescence affects cognitive tasks, behavioral outcomes, and academic performance. Adversity may be important in baseline concussion test validity as well; however, the influence of these experiences is not well understood. To examine the relationship between individual-level experiences of adversity and baseline test validity of Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). We hypothesized that experiences of poverty, maltreatment, or extreme neighborhood deprivation would be associated with lower odds of baseline test validity. Case-control study. Cuyahoga County, Ohio. A total of 6495 student-athletes born from 1995 through 2005 who completed a baseline ImPACT test between 10 and 18 years old and were identified in the Child-Household Integrated Longitudinal Data system, a comprehensive data system with demographic and social service usage outcomes for children in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Baseline concussion test validity was determined using the ImPACT built-in validity measure. Experiences of adversity during the sensitive developmental periods of early childhood and adolescence were key independent variables. Our findings suggested that social mobility may play an important role in baseline validity. Youth with upward social mobility (ie, poverty or neighborhood deprivation in early childhood only) were not different from youth without such experiences (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91, P = .74). Youth with persistent adversity across childhood or downward social mobility (ie, poverty or high neighborhood deprivation in adolescence only) had 50% to 72% lower odds of achieving a valid baseline test (persistent poverty, OR = 0.59, P = .05; adolescent poverty only, OR = 0.50, P = .004; adolescent neighborhood deprivation only, OR = 0.28, P < .001). Maltreatment had no significant effect on test validity. These findings indicated that certain patterns of adversity may predispose youth to invalid baseline testing scores, potentially increasing their risk of inappropriate injury management and poor outcomes.

Human Rights and the Periphery: Righting the Deprivation of the Sama Dilaut as Indigenous Maritime Peoples in the Southern Philippines

The Sama Dilaut identify their source of homeland and identity as peoples of the sea. Despite their procedural rights guaranteed under international and domestic legal instruments, they remain in the periphery within the informal hierarchy of ethnicities, not because they are resource-poor but because they are capability- and freedom-deprived. As opposed to material deprivation, this study focuses on rights deprivation, that is, the alienation of their indigenous context and perspective in human rights interpretation and fulfillment. Using qualitative methods specifically phenomenology and key informant interviews, it first queries their lived experiences of deprivation on land, at sea, and horizontal (community) and vertical (State) levels. Second, it critically examines pathways and solutions to enjoy their rights and freedoms fully. The results focus on their concept of human rights (kapatut manusiya) and their communally-identified four significant lived deprivations vis-à-vis desired freedoms. These are related to knowledge and education (pangalaman or panghati), indigenous culture and spirituality and religious beliefs (pangaddatan and pag-omboh or pag-paybahau), traditional and diversified economic life (pag-usaha or pagkalluman), and socio-political leadership and participation (panglima or nakura). This study contributes to putting the international human rights landscape into perspective through the lens of the Sama Dilaut, who are freedom-deprived yet rich in (maritime) culture and worldview.

Decoding the Migration, Rehabilitation, and the Impact of Caste in the Lives of Bengali Dalit Women Strata in the post-Partition Bengal: Revisiting Kalyani Thakur Charal’s Autobiographical Narrative Ami Keno Charal Likhi, and Novella Andhar Bil

Based on the reading of Kalyani Thakur Charal’s notable autobiographical narrative Ami Keno Charal Likhi (Why I Sign as Charal,2016) and novella Andhar Bil (2016), this paper intends to analyze the experiences of second-generation Bengali Dalit women refugees in case of the post-Partition West Bengal. The present paper examines the tropes of nostalgia, partition, and rehabilitation as experiences of Bengali Dalit women characters in the post-Partition West Bengal, the notions of migration, remembrance, oppression, and injustice. Through a detailed analysis of both the narratives, this research article intends to explore how the intersectional dynamism of caste, and gender have impacted the experiences of Bengali Dalit women strata substantially. In majoritarian aspects Bengali Dalit women characters have been reduced to mute objects, stripped of their agency, subjecthood, and desires, from which these two narratives shift substantially.&#x0D; In case of the post-Partition scenario of West Bengal, the experiences of refugees from the different sections of the society are not a homogenized one. Kalyani Thakur’s narratives offer some valuable points for thinking about the differentiated experiences of migration, displacement, deprivation, and caste discrimination faced by Bengali Dalit women characters. Through her autobiographical narrative and the novella Andhar Bil, Kalyani Thakur also tries to portray how the intersectional dynamism of caste and gender has problematized the overall experiences of the Bengali Dalit populace in the post-Partition West Bengal. The researcher wants to argue that ideas like caste and gender both act as a site of oppression, which the grand narrative of the Bengal partition is primarily unable to capture. To develop this paper, the researcher consults literary, historical, and sociological facets of the Bengal Partition of 1947, Dalit identity, migration, and its effects on the Bengali Dalit population.

Childhood adversity and racial discrimination forecast suicidal and death ideation among emerging adult Black men: A longitudinal analysis.

Disproportionate exposure to childhood adversity and the effects of racial discrimination take a toll on Black American men's mental health. Despite increasing rates of suicidal behaviors and thoughts among young adult, Black American men, few longitudinal studies examine their risk for suicidal and death ideation (SDI). We tested a developmental model linking childhood adversity (experiences of deprivation and threatening experiences) and emerging adult exposure to racial discrimination to increases in SDI and examined a potential mechanism for these effects, negative relational schemas. A sample of 504 Black men (Mage = 20.7) from rural Georgia were recruited with respondent-driven sampling and completed a baseline survey. Men participated in two additional follow-up surveys (Mage = 21.9 and Mage = 23.5). Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Analyses largely supported the proposed model. Childhood adversities were associated directly with reports of SDI. Childhood deprivation indirectly predicted SDI via negative schemas (β = 0.03, 95% CI [.014, .046]). Racial discrimination also indirectly predicted SDI via negative relational schemas (β = 0.01, 95% CI [.001, .018]). Study results suggest that clinical and preventive interventions for suicidality should target the influence of racism and adverse experiences and the negative relational schemas they induce. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Socio-economic vulnerability and deaths of despair in Brazilian counties

Over the past few years, there has been a progressive increase in premature deaths attributable to suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related liver disease that impact life expectancy. Regarding the relationship with contextual effects, the evidence is developing, especially in countries with a peripheral economy, as is the case of Brazil. We carried out an analysis aimed at estimating the relationship between socioeconomic insecurity and deaths due to despair in Brazilian cities. We used 5,570 counties' data to create clusters concerning socioeconomic development and then analyzed age-adjusted mortality rates (ASMR) from each of them and compared them using the ANOVA test. Cluster analysis generated two groups of Brazilian municipalities. DoD rates are consistently higher in the group that experiences more deprivation. However, considering differences between 2010 and 2019, the increase in rates was higher in the group with less deprivation experience (48.82 % vs. 39.53 %) We verified an existing gap between the clusters before the beginning of economic stagnation in 2010 The gap between those two groups decreased from 20.58 % (p < 0.001) in 2010 to 14.03 % in 2019 (p = 0.034). The conjuncture of economic crises creates mortality differentials in certain population groups. Also, significant inequalities explain how causes of death from despair affect different subpopulations. Our first approach assessed this assumption, and we could check those differentials at an ecological level. Public policies should focus on reducing the difference in mortality from despair between higher and lower socioeconomic strata.

Cognitive stimulation as a mechanism linking socioeconomic status and neural function supporting working memory: a longitudinal fMRI study.

Childhood experiences of low socioeconomic status are associated with alterations in neural function in the frontoparietal network and ventral visual stream, which may drive differences in working memory. However, the specific features of low socioeconomic status environments that contribute to these disparities remain poorly understood. Here, we examined experiences of cognitive deprivation (i.e. decreased variety and complexity of experience), as opposed to experiences of threat (i.e. violence exposure), as a potential mechanism through which family income contributes to alterations in neural activation during working memory. As part of a longitudinal study, 148 youth between aged 10 and 13years completed a visuospatial working memory fMRI task. Early childhood low income, chronicity of low income in early childhood, and current income-to-needs were associated with task-related activation in the ventral visual stream and frontoparietal network. The association of family income with decreased activation in the lateral occipital cortex and intraparietal sulcus during working memory was mediated by experiences of cognitive deprivation. Surprisingly, however, family income and deprivation were not significantly related to working memory performance, and only deprivation was associated with academic achievement in this sample. Taken together, these findings suggest that early life low income and associated cognitive deprivation are important factors in neural function supporting working memory.

A cross-sectional survey of material deprivation and suicide-related ideation among Vietnamese technical interns in Japan.

The economic struggles faced by many technical intern trainees in Japan include the necessity to remit money to their home country, debts owed to intermediaries facilitating their arrival, and reduced working hours due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there is concern that the pandemic may contribute to mental instability resulting from the significant life changes experienced by the trainees. This study examined the experience of material deprivation among Vietnamese intern trainees in Japan and explored the correlation between material deprivation and suicidal ideation. A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2021, involving 310 Vietnamese technical intern trainees. Data from 200 participants were analyzed. The questionnaire included gender, age, duration of residence in Japan, proficiency in the Japanese language, income changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, material deprivation status, and suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the ninth item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between material deprivation items and suicidal ideation. The mean age of the respondents was 26.0 ± 5.1 years, with 62.0% (n = 124) being male. Among the material deprivation items, 74.0% (n = 148) reported food deprivation, 59.0% (n = 118) reported cellphone bill deprivation, and 55.0% (n = 110) reported medical expense deprivation. Suicidal ideation was reported by 23.0% (n = 46) of the respondents. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was associated with age (p = 0.031, odds ratio [OR] = 0.889, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.799-0.990), deprivation of food expenses (p = 0.003, OR = 3.897, 95% CI = 1.597-9.511), and deprivation of cellphone usage (p = 0.021, OR = 3.671, 95% CI = 1.217-11.075). Vietnamese technical intern trainees in Japan faced various forms of material deprivation, which correlated with a high prevalence of significant psychological issues. Suicidal ideation was influenced by factors such as age, deprivation of food expenses, and inability to pay cellphone bills. The experience of material deprivation could have intensified the mental health challenges faced by Vietnamese trainees, particularly in the demanding circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic.