Experience Symptoms Of Anxiety Research Articles

Dual burden of TB and mental ill-health: Prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among TB patients in Gujarat

ABSTRACT Context: The coexistence of tuberculosis (TB) and mental disorder presents a daunting public health challenge. Studies suggest that TB patients often experience co-morbid mental health problems, highlighting a dual burden of illness. However, due to limited research in Gujarat, we cannot draw definitive conclusions or develop targeted mental health interventions for this population. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and associated factors among TB patients from Gandhinagar and Surat cities in Gujarat, India. Settings and Design: The cross-sectional research was conducted in two cities in Gujarat, Gandhinagar and Surat, between October 2021 and July 2023. Methods and Material: Demographic information, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and perceived TB stigma were assessed at baseline (within 1 month of treatment initiation) and at the endpoint (6 months posttreatment) using a self-constructed tool for assessing risk factors and standardized instruments, namely, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and the Perceived TB Stigma Scale (12 items). Results: The study population had a mean age of 31.57 ± 12.34 years. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms was found to be 10.5% (749) and 5% (359), respectively, at the baseline. TB patients with high perceived TB stigma and who had been sick for over six months were 3.1 times more likely to experience anxiety symptoms (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.22, 4.23) and 1.6 times more likely to experience symptoms of depression (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.53). Gender, occupation, and socioeconomic level were significantly associated with both anxiety and depression (P < 0.05). Being single (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 2.45–7.53), low socioeconomic status (AOR: 5.41; 95% CI: 2.44–7.97), and being on TB treatment (AOR: 4.35; 95% CI: 1.83–15.65) were strongly associated anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The findings of the current study indicate that TB patients experience a considerable burden of symptoms of both anxiety and depression. It highlights the need for incorporating mental healthcare support within TB care programmes.

Self, Other, and Higher Power: A “Relational Triad” Moderates Associations Between Mystical Experience and Mental Health

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to characterize the relationship between mystical experience and psychopathology measures in a general-population sample of 763 U.S. adults. The participants were assessed across various domains including psychopathology, spirituality, personality, and life experience. The analysis revealed three distinct profiles among individuals: Transcendent Wellness, Transcendent Struggle, and Non-Transcendent Wellness. The Transcendent Wellness profile demonstrated higher scores in belongingness, mindfulness, and lived/integrated spirituality compared to the Transcendent Struggle profile. Belongingness and mindfulness were identified as mitigating factors, reducing the positive association between mystical experience and depression and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, lived/integrated spirituality attenuated this association, particularly in relation to anxiety. Conventional religiosity measures, however, did not exhibit the same moderating effects. The authors propose a framework in which relationally grounded spirituality, manifesting in the form of connection to fellow human, self, and higher power, constitutes a foundation for processing of and sense-making around mystical experience.

Prevalence of Mental health and Receipt of Services in Latino Immigrants Living in Philadelphia

Abstract Background and Purpose Research shows that Latino populations are less likely to seek formal mental health services, these attitudes combined with difficulty finding affordable services impact the ability to receive a mental health diagnosis. This project examines mental health symptoms, utilization of mental health services, and socio-ecological barriers to receive mental health services among Latino immigrants, including region of origin, health insurance, immigration status, and English proficiency. Methods Data was collected between 2021-2022 by Drexel University’s CRISOL lab using a cross-sectional respondent-driven sample survey of Latinos born outside the U.S. mainland and residing in Philadelphia. The final sample included 420 Latino/a/e immigrants. Descriptive statistics and bivariate associations using Chi-square analyses were computed. Outcomes The findings revealed that 29.1% of the surveyed individuals exhibited signs of Depression, 36.1% experienced symptoms of Anxiety, 8.7% showed signs of PTSD, and 43.4% possessed one or more mental health conditions. The findings show that country of origin (p<.01), health insurance (p<.05), immigration status (p<.01), and language proficiency (p<.001) are significantly associated with whether an individual has received mental health services in the past year or in their lifetime. Of the survey population, only 39.5% of individuals with one or more mental issues had received mental health services in their lifetime. Conclusions Interventions to increase access to mental health services for Latino communities are needed. Solutions addressing disparities in access to mental health services must address systemic, cultural, and language barriers. Key messages • Region of origin, health insurance, immigration status, and English proficiency impact the utilization of mental health services. • Immigrant populations face stressors that increase the risk for mental health disease and experience multiple barriers to access mental health services.

Factors associated with sleeping difficulties in patients with heart failure

Abstract Background Sleeping difficulties is prevalent in heart failure (HF) and a predictor of cardiac events in patients with HF. Purpose To describes the prevalence of sleeping difficulties in patients with HF and factors associated. Method This study used data of a multicentre RCT entitled Tele-Yoga study (clincialtrials.gov:NCT03703609). Patients were included in the analysis when they were diagnosed with HF and completed a questionnaire on sleeping difficulties. Sleeping difficulties were measured with the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS), patients with a score a 6 or higher patients were characterised as having sleeping difficulties. Through a literature search we identified factors that could be associated with sleeping difficulties. Demographic and clinical background variables (age, sex, BMI, marital status, working status, having atrial fibrillation and/or diabetes), anxiety and depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale) and Health related Quality of Life (EQ-5D index score) were considered. Logistic regression was performed with backwards elimination of the factors considered associated with having or not having sleeping difficulties. Results In total 244 patients were included (mean age 67±10, 28% women), whereas 27% had sleeping difficulties (n = 68, a score a 6 or higher on the MISS); 28% had moderate till very severe difficulties initiating sleep (n=77), 53% had moderate till very severe problems by waking up at night (n=130), 38% had moderate till very severe problems by not feeling refreshed by sleep (n=92). The logistic regression showed that patients with sleeping difficulties were significantly more often single (27% vs. 18%, OR 0.336 P-value=0.023), more often not working (72% vs. 69%, OR 2.524, P-value=0.047) more often experienced symptoms of anxiety (45% vs. 10%, OR 4.882, P-value<001) and had a lower quality of life, (0.637±0.261 vs. 0.786±0.203, OR 0.042 P-Value=0.001) compared to patients with no sleeping difficulties. Conclusion Patients having symptom of anxiety were at five times greater risk of experiencing sleeping difficulties. Being in a relationship and being employed were associated with less sleeping difficulties. Additionally, patients with sleeping problems reported lower quality of life.

Changes in anxiety among youth with and without disabilities before, during and after the pandemic

Abstract Background Disabled youth are a vulnerable group that have faced challenges during the pandemic. Research about mental health and its changes of disabled youth during and after the pandemic is limited. Thus, this study examined changes in anxiety symptoms among youth with disabilities compared to those without disabilities before, during, and after the pandemic. Methods We analyzed population-based cross-sectional data from the Finnish School Health Promotion study (SHP) of youths with an age range of 12-29 years obtained in before (2019; n = 155,166), during (2021; n = 160,796), and after (2023; n = 151,224) the pandemic. Disabled youth were identified based on the Child Functioning Module (CFM). Anxiety symptoms were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Logistic regression models were applied to investigate population-level changes in anxiety. Results Over the years, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was higher among youth with disabilities (10.2%, CI95% 10.1-10.4) compared to youth without disabilities (40.1%, 39.9-40.4), females having more symptoms than males. Prevalence of anxiety increased significantly during the pandemic (Before: 31.7% 95%CI 31.2-32.3 & During: 41.8%, 41.4-42.3) and continued to increase slightly after (44.4%, 43.9-44.9) among disabled youth. The same trend was seen in non-disabled youth (Before: 7.5%, 7.4-7.7, During: 11.4%, 11.2-11.6 & After: 12.0%, 11.8-12.2). Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety among disabled youth increased during the pandemic and has continued to increase even afterward, highlighting the inequality among youth with disabilities. The results indicate that it is important for educators and stakeholders to target measures and resources to support the mental health of youth with disabilities during and after a crisis, improving their equality in schools and society. Key messages • Youth with disabilities experienced anxiety symptoms four times more often than non-disabled youth, and this difference has remained quite stable during the pandemic and afterwards. • Decision-makers should be aware of this weaker mental health condition of youth with disabilities while planning preventive actions and interventions.

Prevalence and influencing factors of suicidal ideation among doctors and nurses during the surge period of the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

From November 2022 to February 2023, China has experienced a surge period of COVID-19 pandemic and doctors and nurses working in hospitals have suffered from serious psychological crisis because of the medical crowding, which may result in the occurrence of suicidal ideation (SI). This study aims to explore the prevalence and influencing factors of SI during this surge phase. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in China from January 5 to February 9, 2023. Data were collected by online questionnaires, with SI measured by a single item. Ordinal logistic regression analysis and stratified analyses were preformed to identify influencing factors. A total of 5696 doctors and nurses were retained for further analysis, with 25.28% reporting SI during the COVID-19 surge phase. Participants experiencing anxiety symptoms or supporting other departments treating COVID-19 patients were more likely to report SI. Additionally, higher levels of resilience, mindfulness, and perceived social support were protective factors against SI. During the COVID-19 surge phase, over a quarter of doctors and nurses in China suffered from SI, which should be of great concern. Tailored interventions should be implemented to alleviate SI among doctors and nurses when new infectious diseases outbreak in the future.

Prevalence, Determinants, and Coping Strategies of Preoperative Anxiety Among Surgical Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Preoperative anxiety is a prevalent concern among surgical patients, significantly impacting their well-being and recovery. Common sources of anxiety include fears related to pain, anesthesia, and surgical outcomes. Despite the importance of addressing this issue, there is limited research on preoperative anxiety in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. This study explores the prevalence, determinants, and coping strategies for preoperative anxiety among surgical patients in this region. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey distributed to patients scheduled for surgery at healthcare facilities in Jazan. The survey collected data on demographics, surgical history, anxiety symptoms, sources of anxiety, and coping strategies. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The study included 312 participants, primarily young adults aged 18-24 years. The majority reported experiencing anxiety symptoms such as nausea (47.8%), sweating (47.8%), and irritability (41.3%). Pain (54.2%), surgical outcomes (49.0%), and anesthesia (32.4%) were the most common sources of anxiety. Support from family and friends (66.7%) and relaxation techniques (26.6%) were identified as the most effective coping strategies. A significant proportion (71.8%) expressed a need for additional support. Preoperative anxiety is common among surgical patients in Jazan, driven mainly by concerns about pain, anesthesia, and surgical outcomes. Effective coping strategies include support from family and friends and relaxation techniques. There is a need for additional support resources to improve patient care and reduce anxiety.

Impact of temporomandibular disorder symptoms among 15-year-old girls.

Many adolescents, especially girls, report temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms that may impact their daily life. At 19 different schools participating in the preventive program with dental nurses of FRAMM (Fluoride, Advise, Arena, Motivation, Food), at the Västra Götaland Region in Sweden, 15-year-old girls were invited to a cohort study about symptoms of TMD that also included headaches. Three hundred twenty-nine girls attended the study and answered a questionnaire regarding TMD symptoms and their consequences such as sick leave from school and consumption of analgesics. The girls were asked about the symptom's influence on their daily life, about their general health, use of regular medication, physical activity, and they answered the PHQ4 regarding experienced symptoms of anxiety and depression. There was a significant correlation between TMD symptoms and sick leave with 31% of the girls having stayed home due to symptoms. Of the girls who answered affirmative in the screening questions (3QTMD), nearly half the group had stayed at home due to their symptoms, 24% had consulted a physician, 42% had used analgesics weekly and 59% reported that they felt the symptoms negatively affected their school performance. The girls who had regular medication had more TMD symptoms. Anxiety and depression were associated with TMD symptoms. The study showed that TMD symptoms had a negative impact on the 15-year-old girls' daily life resulting in sick leave from school, consumption of analgesics, and experiences of negative impacts on their behavior and performance at school.

Mental Health Challenges in Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Depression and Anxiety.

Advancements in cancer treatment and early detection have extended survival rates, transforming many cancers into chronic conditions. However, cancer diagnosis and treatment can trigger significant psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, impacting patient outcomes and care. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of and identify the risk factors for depression and anxiety among cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including patients under the care of the oncology department at a tertiary medical center between June 2021 and October 2023. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short forms. Logistic regression analysis identified risk factors for depression and anxiety. The study population included 159 patients, with 40.3% reporting worsening mental health, but only about half of them received therapy. Among the study participants, 22.6% experienced symptoms of depression and 30.2% experienced symptoms of anxiety. Single-cancer patients and those with metastases were at increased risk for depression, while those with a disease duration of more than a year and patients with female-specific cancer were more likely to experience anxiety. Given the high prevalence of mental health deterioration in cancer patients, closer monitoring and validated assessment tools are essential to improve depression and anxiety diagnosis and facilitate early interventions.

The Impact of Prenatal Yoga on Anxiety Levels in Third-Trimester Primigravida Mothers: A Pre-Experimental Study

Pregnancy will cause physiological and psychological changes for a pregnant woman. These changes will cause uncomfortable feelings for pregnant women which can trigger increased anxiety. Anxiety during pregnancy hurts pregnant women from pregnancy to delivery, especially for primigravida mothers, because pregnancy and childbirth are the first periods in their lives. In Indonesia, 71.90% of pregnant women experience anxiety symptoms. It has been proven that anxiety during pregnancy can be reduced or eliminated through physical exercise, namely prenatal yoga. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of prenatal yoga on anxiety levels in pregnant women in the third trimester. The research design is a Pre-Experimental Design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design approach. With a population of 41 primigravida mothers in the third trimester, the sampling technique used total sampling with a total sample of 27 primigravida mothers in the third trimester who met the inclusion criteria. The research instrument used the PRAQ-R2 (pregnancy Associated Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised) questionnaire to measure anxiety levels before and after prenatal yoga. Then the data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Rank correlation test and a value of ρ was smaller than α, namely (0.000<0.05). Shows the influence of prenatal yoga on the anxiety level of primigravid mothers in the third trimester after prenatal yoga. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a source of information and reference for future researchers.

Factors Associated with Fathers’ Mental Health Difficulties in an Australian Help-Seeking Sample

Fathers are at increased risk of mental health difficulties such as depression during the first postnatal year, however little is currently known about the extent to which fathers experience symptoms of anxiety and stress, and the factors associated with these symptoms. This study aimed to: (1) investigate the extent to which fathers accessing support to strengthen their coparenting relationship through a community health organisation experience depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms during the first postnatal year, and (2) examine associations between a broad range of individual, child, and family factors and fathers’ depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms during the first postnatal year. This study involved secondary analysis of routinely collected data from 170 fathers of children aged 0–12 months who were enroled in a coparenting intervention programme delivered by a community health organisation in Melbourne, Australia. Elevated symptoms of stress were reported by ~28% of fathers, while elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety were reported by ~26% and 16% of fathers, respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed evidence for associations between reduced parental self-efficacy and higher depressive and stress symptoms, while infant regulation difficulties and increased interparental conflict were associated with higher levels of stress. This study highlights that fathers are at risk of mental health difficulties during the first postnatal year. Findings demonstrate the importance of undertaking a broad assessment of fathers’ mental health during the first postnatal year and provide important insights into individual, child, and family factors that may represent optimal targets for prevention and early intervention.

Perioperative/postoperative anxiety and its interventions in gynecological cancers: a comprehensive review of clinical evidence.

Gynecological cancers are prevalent malignancies among females, and surgical intervention is the primary therapeutic approach offering the possibility of a definitive cure. Recent research has highlighted the susceptibility of gynecological cancer patients to experiencing anxiety symptoms during the perioperative and postoperative phases, with this psychological condition being linked to suboptimal recovery following surgery. Nevertheless, certain interventions have shown promise in mitigating perioperative and postoperative anxiety in gynecological cancer patients. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review to collect the existing evidence on this subject. Through a systematic search across six common databases, we screened and included 28 pertinent studies. The current review emphasizes the elevated occurrence of perioperative and postoperative anxiety among patients with gynecological cancers (i.e., uterine, cervical, ovarian, endometrial, and vulval cancers). Specific nursing interventions (i.e., crisis intervention nursing, multidisciplinary collaborative continuous nursing, psychological nursing, comprehensive psychological nursing, reminiscence therapy involved care, cognitive behavioral stress management, hospital-family integrated continuation nursing, high-quality nursing care, relaxation-focused nursing program, and relaxation/counseling intervention) and psychotropic medications may serve as dependable approaches to mitigate perioperative and postoperative anxiety. This study represents a novel contribution to the literature by providing a characterization of perioperative and postoperative anxiety in the context of gynecological oncology. The findings underscore the significance of addressing perioperative and postoperative anxiety as a critical clinical concern for individuals with gynecological cancers, emphasizing the need for further research to develop effective interventions.

DIFFERENCES IN THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE I, II, AND III TRIMESTER

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological period that requires various adjustments to the changes that occur and can induce anxiety. Anxiety during pregnancy can be experienced from the first trimester to the third trimester. This anxiety can have negative impacts on both the mother and the fetus. This research aimed to determine the differences in the anxiety levels of pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters in the working area of the Gading Surabaya Health Center. Method: This is a quantitative research with an observational analytic method and a cross-sectional design. The study population consists of pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters in the working area of Gading Surabaya Health Center. The study involved 100 samples of pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters selected using the simple random sampling method. The instrument used is a questionnaire, namely the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS). The analysis method used is the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The statistical test results show a p-value (0.023) < α (0.05), indicating a significant difference in anxiety levels among pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters. Most pregnant women in the first trimester (56.7%) and second trimester (70.7%) did not experience anxiety symptoms, while pregnant women in the third trimester (51.7%) experienced mild to moderate anxiety. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in anxiety levels among pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters.

Influence of biopsychosocial factors on self-reported anxiety/depression symptoms among first-generation immigrant population in the U.S.

Despite increasing studies on mental health among immigrants, there are limited studies using nationally representative samples to examine immigrants' mental health and its potential biopsychosocial contributing factors, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored and estimated the influence of life satisfaction, social/emotional support, and other biopsychosocial factors on self-reported anxiety/depression symptoms among a nationally representative sample of first-generation immigrants in the U.S. We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2021 National Health Interview Survey among first-generation adults aged ≥ 18 years (n = 4295). We applied survey weights and developed multivariable logistic regression model to evaluate the study objective. The prevalence of daily, weekly, or monthly anxiety/depression symptoms was 10.22% in the first-generation immigrant population. There were 2.04% daily, 3.27% weekly, and 4.91% monthly anxiety/depression among the population: about 8.20%, 9.94%, and 9.60% experienced anxiety symptoms, whereas 2.49%, 3.54%, and 5.34% experienced depression symptoms daily, weekly, and monthly, respectively. The first-generation population aged 26-49 years were less likely to experience anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly compared to those aged 18-25. Females (versus males) were more likely to experience anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly. Those who identified as gay/lesbian had higher odds of experiencing anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly compared to heterosexual persons. Relative to non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Asian, Black/African American, and Hispanic individuals had lower odds, while other/multi-racial/ethnic groups were more likely to experience anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly. A higher life satisfaction score was associated with lower odds of experiencing anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly. Having social/emotional support sometimes/rarely or using healthcare within the past one/two years was associated with experiencing anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly. The findings reveal significant burden of anxiety and depression among first-generation population in the U.S., with higher risks among subgroups like young adults, females, sexual minorities, and non-Hispanic White and other/multi-racial individuals. Additionally, individuals with lower life satisfaction scores, limited social/emotional support, or healthcare utilization in the past one or two years present increased risk. These findings highlight the need for personalized mental health screening and interventions for first-generation individuals in the U.S. based on their diversity and health-related risks.

Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among young school-going adolescents in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

IntroductionBetween 10 and 20% of children and adolescents globally experience common mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety. Given the dearth of mental health services in low- and middle-income countries, most mental health conditions among adolescents remain undiagnosed and untreated. In South Africa, few studies have explored the prevalence of depression and anxiety among young adolescents aged 10–14 years. This study examined the prevalence of, and factors associated with depression and anxiety among young school-going adolescents in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 schools in the Western Cape Province from February to July 2022. Data were collected using a tablet-based survey and included sociodemographic items, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A) and other psychosocial measures. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated based on cut-off scores for the GAD-7 and PHQ-A. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, and depression and anxiety. ResultsOf the 621 adolescents, 33.5% (n = 208) reported experiencing symptoms of depression and 20.9% (n = 130) symptoms of anxiety potentially indicative of a diagnosis. The results of the multivariable logistic regression model indicate that being in a higher grade in school (AOR = 1.65, CI:1.43–1.92), any lifetime alcohol use (AOR = 1.62, CI:1.04–2.64), other drug use (AOR = 2.07, CI:1.06–4.04), and witnessing violence among adults at home (AOR = 2.12, CI:1.07–1.41) were significantly associated with experiencing depressive symptoms. Being in a higher grade in school (AOR = 1.69, CI: 1.42–2.01), poor emotional regulation skills (AOR = 1.03, CI: 1.00–1.07), and the use of cannabis (AOR = 1.03, CI: 1.00–1.07) were significantly associated with experiencing anxiety symptoms. ConclusionThese findings add to our understanding of school-going adolescents' pressing mental health needs and suggest that mental health adolescent and caregiver interventions may be required to address mental health symptoms and associated risk factors.

Expansion of Child Tax Credits and Mental Health of Parents With Low Income in 2021.

The 2021 Child Tax Credit (CTC) expansion, as part of the American Rescue Plan Act, offered financial relief through generous monthly tax benefits to families with children amid the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of heightened concerns about mental health during the pandemic, the expanded CTC may have alleviated parental mental health challenges, especially within families with low income. To investigate the association between the 2021 CTC expansion and mental health among parents with low income as measured by depression and anxiety symptoms. This repeated cross-sectional study used data from the Household Pulse Survey covering April 14, 2021, to January 10, 2022, in the US. A difference-in-difference-in-differences estimator combined with propensity score matching was used to estimate the association of the expanded CTC with mental health symptoms among households with income less than $35 000. The monthly payment of expanded CTC from July 15 to December 15, 2021. Parental mental health was measured by analyzing depression and anxiety symptoms using logistic regression. The weighted sample comprised 546 366 adults (mean [SD] age, 43.02 [14.54] years; 52.9% female). The most common education level was high school or less (36.0%), the highest frequency of household income distribution was $50 000 to $74 999 (16.1%), and the majority of the sample was employed (67.3%). The weighted mean (SD) number of children in the household was 0.92 (1.18). For the full sample, receiving expanded CTC benefits was associated with lower odds of experiencing anxiety symptoms (odds ratio, 0.730; 95% CI, 0.598-0.890). Subgroup analyses indicated that the positive associations of the policy with anxiety symptoms were particularly pronounced among the female, working-age (17-60 years), non-Hispanic White, and higher education groups. However, the policy expansion had no association with depression. These findings may provide valuable evidence for policy makers to consider when deliberating on the possibility of making the CTC expansion permanent or transforming it into a universal program.

Are Providers Adequately Screening for Anxiety Symptoms During Pregnancy?

ObjectiveTo examine the difference in prevalence of self-reported anxiety symptoms throughout pregnancy compared to clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder by a provider. DesignSecondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study of 50 pregnant individuals. Setting/Local ProblemPregnant individuals commonly experience heightened anxiety symptoms, which are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. However, a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder by a health care provider is less common, which may result in insufficient mental health intervention. ParticipantsPregnant individuals were recruited at their first prenatal appointment and followed until birth. Intervention/MeasurementsWe examined anxiety symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Anxiety subscale. We conducted a medical record review to examine if pregnant individuals were clinically diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. ResultsBased on an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Anxiety subscale cutoff score of ≥5, 40% (n = 20) of individuals experienced anxiety symptoms during pregnancy. However, only 16% (n = 8) of participants were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder by a health care provider. ConclusionAnxiety symptoms are prevalent throughout pregnancy and may be underdiagnosed by health care providers. An intervention to increase clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder and subsequent referral to a mental health specialist may be indicated.

Beyond working hours: the association between long working hours, the use of work-related communication devices outside regular working hours, and anxiety symptoms.

The present study aimed to identify and compare the associations between long working hours and use of work-related communication devices outside regular working hours and anxiety symptoms, thereby providing insight into redefining working hours. Based on the cross-sectional data from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), specifically the responses from 46 055 workers, the use of work-related communication devices outside of regular working hours, long working hours, and anxiety symptoms were assessed. To investigate the associations between using work-related communication devices outside regular working hours or long working hours with anxiety symptoms, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using multiple logistic regression models. Among 46 055 participants, 25 659 (55.7%) used work-related communication devices outside working hours, 8145 (17.7%) worked long hours, and 2664 (5.8%) experienced anxiety symptoms. Compared with the reference group, those who used work-related communication devices outside regular working hours without working long hours, had higher OR of anxiety symptoms (OR: 2.18; 95% CI, 1.97-2.41) than those who worked long hours without using work-related communication devices during off-hours (OR: 1.32; 95% CI, 1.09-1.59). Furthermore, the group that both worked long hours and used work-related communication devices outside working hours exhibited the highest OR of anxiety symptoms (OR: 2.57; 95% CI, 2.24-2.97). Using work-related communication devices outside regular working hours is associated with a higher risk of anxiety symptoms compared with long working hours. This result suggests that using work-related devices outside regular working hours, in addition to regular work time, should be considered when redefining working hours.

Association between dietary intake and symptoms of depression and anxiety in pregnant women: Evidence from a community-based observational study.

Dietary intake is considered as a crucial factor affecting mental health symptoms, particularly depression and anxiety symptoms, especially in the case of pregnant women. This study explored the role of dietary intake in depression and anxiety symptoms of pregnant women and provided evidence for primary care interventions. We enrolled 806 pregnant women in their third trimester from 14 communities in Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China, from July 2019 to September 2019. The Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire-7 (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety symptoms. Dietary intake, demographic characteristics, BMI, and pregnancy characteristics were collected using a self-designed, structural questionnaire. A covariate-adjusted logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between mental health symptoms and dietary intake. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in our population were 7.7% (95% CI: 5.9%-9.5%) and 9.2% (95% CI: 7.2%-11.2%), respectively. Women consuming eggs and egg products once a week (OR: 3.688, 95% CI: 1.476-9.215) were more likely to have depression symptom than consumed eggs and egg products once or more per day. Consuming green leafy vegetable <2-3 times per month had a significantly greater risk for depression symptoms than consuming the same once or more per day (OR: 3.450, 95% CI: 1.145-10.393). Women who consumed eggs and egg products 2-3 times a week had an increased likelihood of experiencing anxiety symptoms (OR: 2.253, 95% CI: 1.049-4.837). Anxiety symptoms in women consuming green leafy vegetables <2-3 times per month probably increased by 3.988 times (95% CI: 1.327-11.985) compared with women consuming the same once or more per day. Consuming salted and smoked food <2-3 times per month was protective against anxiety symptoms (OR: 0.181, 95% CI: 0.040-0.828) than consuming the same every day. Implementing interventions to promote healthy dietary among pregnant women is crucial due to its association with mental health. However, future researches are warranted to confirm the reliability and causal association obtained in this study.

The Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in Reducing Student Anxiety in Facing Exams

The background of this research is based on the anxiety problems that often occur in students when facing an exam. This can be seen in students when taking exams‚ students often experience anxiety symptoms such as cold sweats‚ tremors‚ sleeping difficulty when exam day is near. Efforts made in dealing with this challenge are group counseling using a rational emotive behavior therapy approach. This research aims to see the effectiveness of group counseling with a rational emotive behavior therapy approach in reducing anxiety in facing exam students. This study uses an experimental design with a pretest and post-test control group design. The subjects in this study were students of SMAN 13 Padang. This study uses an experimental design with a pretest and post-test control group design. The subjects in this study were students of SMAN 13 Padang, who revealed sixteen students with high and moderate anxiety categories. The instrument used in this study is the instrument to face the test with a Likert scale. The population in this study are students of SMAN 13 Padang, with seven samples in the control group and 7 in the experimental group. The technique used is the Purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Kolmogorov Smirnov 2 Independent Sample test with the help of SPSS version 20.00. The results of this study indicate that group counseling with a rational emotive behavior therapy approach effectively reduces students' anxiety in facing exams.