Participation Expenditures Research Articles

Subjective life expectancy and associated factors among cancer survivors over 45years old: evidence from the CHARLS.

Associations between subjective life expectancy (SLE) and a variety of factors are well documented, but the relationship regarding cancer is limited. The purpose of this study was to disclose this potential relationship and identify the covariates that might influence this relationship. Data were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and a sample of 448 cancer survivors and 43,795 individuals without cancer were analyzed. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was performed to examine the SLE associated with cancer survivors and participants without cancer after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, and psychosocial factors. The findings revealed that cancer survivors had a 39% reduction in longer life expectancy compared to respondents without cancer. Disparities in SLE existed based on diverse individual characteristics. The rate of high SLE in urban citizens was 75% higher compared to that of rural residents, while the rate of high SLE in participants with disability fell by 55%. The rate of high SLE decreased by 22% and 35% in respondents with high blood pressure and diabetes, respectively. The proportion of respondents with high SLE was reduced by 70% when depression was present. Furthermore, the out-of-pocket expenditures of participants with and without cancer showed a significant difference, but discrepancies with respect to SLE among different cancer treatment options were not found. The more challenging one's socioeconomic status is and the unhealthier one's physical and mental conditions are, the lower one's prospect of subjective life expectancy is. Further work is warranted to confirm the causal association between subjective life expectancy and certain characteristics in cancer survivors.

La integración entre cultura y economía. El caso de las Fiestas de Primavera de Sevilla

Las Fiestas de Primavera de Sevilla (FPS) constituyen el principal evento cultural de la ciudad con importantes implicaciones sociales, turísticas y económicas. Nuestro trabajo analiza esta dimensión de la cultura de la ciudad en un doble plano. Por un lado, se lleva a cabo una caracterización de las FPS, prototipo de patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial. Por otro lado, se lleva a cabo un estudio de Impacto Económico, calculado a partir de la suma de tres efectos. En primer lugar, los efectos directos derivados del gasto necesario realizado por instituciones públicas y privadas para la celebración del evento. En segundo lugar, los efectos indirectos, producto del gasto efectuado por los participantes en los eventos. Por último, se estiman los efectos inducidos para la economía en su conjunto, mediante los multiplicadores calculados a partir de una tabla Input-Output. La principal contribución del artículo es abordar un estudio de impacto económico de un bien cultural complejo y de naturaleza compuesta, como ejemplo de valorización económica a través de la cultura. Los resultados muestran un impacto económico estimado para el año 2009 de 915,8 millones de euros, que representan un 4,66% del PIB de la ciudad de Sevilla.

Healthcare expenditure on Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians at high risk of cardiovascular disease

BackgroundIn spite of bearing a heavier burden of death, disease and disability, there is mixed evidence as to whether Indigenous Australians utilise more or less healthcare services than other Australians given their elevated risk level. This study analyses the Medicare expenditure and its predictors in a cohort of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians at high risk of cardiovascular disease.MethodsThe healthcare expenditure of participants of the Kanyini Guidelines Adherence with the Polypill (GAP) pragmatic randomised controlled trial was modelled using linear regression methods. 535 adult (48% Indigenous) participants at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were recruited through 33 primary healthcare services (including 12 Aboriginal Medical Services) across Australia.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the expenditure of Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants in non-remote areas following adjustment for individual characteristics. Indigenous individuals living in remote areas had lower MBS expenditure ($932 per year P < 0.001) than other individuals. MBS expenditure was found to increase with being aged over 65 years ($128, p = 0.013), being female ($472, p = 0.003), lower baseline reported quality of life ($102 per 0.1 decrement of utility p = 0.004) and a history of diabetes ($324, p = 0.001), gout ($631, p = 0.022), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ($469, p = 0.019) and established CVD whether receiving guideline-recommended treatment prior to the trial ($452, p = 0.005) or not ($483, p = 0.04). When controlling for all other characteristics, morbidly obese patients had lower MBS expenditure than other individuals (−$887, p = 0.002).ConclusionThe findings suggest that for the majority of participants, once individuals are engaged with a primary care provider, factors other than whether they are Indigenous determine the level of Medicare expenditure for each person.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN 126080005833347.

Assessment of the Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) Industry in the Philippines

Assessment of the Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) Industry in the Philippines

Effects of preventive long-term care on physical and psychological health status for the elderly: Evidence from a "Salon for the Elderly" in Abashiri City.

Objectives The study objectives were to clarify the characteristics of elderly persons participating in a preventive long-term care program (PLTC) organized by a local government, and to verify how the program would affect the health status of the elderly.Methods We made secondary use of individual-level micro-based longitudinal data from the "Health and Living Survey of Elderly Persons", conducted in Abashiri City of Hokkaido Prefecture in two consecutive years (2013 and 2014). The treatment group included subjects who joined the PLTC program, agreed to the survey, and responded to the survey in both 2013 and 2014. The control group included residents ≥65 years of age who were randomly chosen from a basic resident register, who had never participated in the PLTC program and had also responded to both periods of surveys. The sample size of the treatment group was 157 and that of the control group was 252. We applied a propensity-score (PS) matching method to verify the effects of PLTC programs on the health status of the elderly. The covariates were demographic and socio-economic characteristics in the baseline period (2013), such as sex, age, living arrangements, marital status, working status, monthly mean household expenditure, distance to the nearest PTLC program site (called "Fureaino-ie"), and health status such as self-rated health status, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC), Kessler 6 (K6), and outpatient status. The outcome was that the health status of elderly persons was the same as the above in 2014.Results From basic statistics in 2013, older women who live near to "Fureaino-ie" are more likely to join a PLTC program. The mean monthly expenditure of participants would be approximately 20,000 ¥, which tended to be lower than that of non-participants. However, for living arrangements and marital status, we did not observe statistical significance between treatment and control groups. Regarding health status in 2013, participants tended to be healthier than non-participants. PS matching results indicated that almost all the characteristics became balanced.Conclusion The PLTC program in Abashiri City would contribute to improved psychological health in the elderly. However, study observation periods are only 2 years, which might not be long enough to observe the effect of the program on physical health. Therefore, further study should be conducted for longer periods of follow-up and for intervention by specialists.

Exercise intensity and energy expenditure during a mini-trampoline rebounding exercise session in overweight women

Summary Objectives The purpose of this study was to estimate the exercise intensity and energy expenditure during a mini-trampoline rebounding training session in a group of overweight women to assess whether such fitness activity meets the guidelines for exercise prescription in adults of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and whether it can be recommended for an overweight female population. Equipment and methods To achieve the aims of our study, eighteen overweight women (36.7 ± 10.6 years, BMI: 26.8 ± 1.6 kg/m2), were enrolled. All the participants underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test and the main physiological variables were recorded. Afterwards, the subjects performed a mini-trampoline rebounding exercise session where exercise intensity and energy expenditure were measured with a heart rate monitor, a rating perceived exertion scale and a portable armband device, respectively. Successively, the physiological responses obtained from these two activities were compared. Results The average heart rate throughout the mini-trampoline exercise session, lasting 46.1 ± 5.0 min, was 132.3 ± 7.7 bpm, corresponding to 72.2 ± 3.3% of that obtained in the preliminary maximal test. The estimated energy expenditure of participants to mini-trampoline rebounding exercise session was 6.9 ± 0.8 kcal/min, corresponding to a total of 317.3 ± 45.7 kcal for the duration of the entire session. Conclusions Our results showed that mini-trampoline rebounding exercise is a vigorous physical activity, which can be identified as an effective way to achieve an optimal level of training, as indicated by the ACSM guidelines.

A Comparison of Spectators’ and Participants’ Profi les and Perceptions of the 2006 Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon

This article compares the profiles of spectators and participants at the 2006 Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon in terms of identifying spectators’ and participants’ motivations, travel behaviour and demographic profi les. The results refl ect a diverse audience at the event. Budget accommodation, in terms of visiting friends and relatives and staying at family hotels, were the most popular accommodation spending patterns. Overall, the average expenditure of participants was higher than that of spectators. Also, more participants than spectators were involved in secondary activities prior to or after the event

Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services for the Elderly: Trends in Programs and Policies

This article presents the latest available expenditure and participation trends (1999-2002) for three Medicaid home and community-based (HCBS) programs that serve the elderly (home health, waivers, and personal care services [PCS]) and reports a national survey of policies used on these programs in 2002. Although the trend data show a rise in elderly waiver and PCS programs and participation, they also reveal falling per participant expenditures in PCS programs, declining annual growth in total HCBS expenditures, and large interstate variations in elderly waivers. The use of cost control policies such as spending caps and large waiver waiting lists in many states contribute to the gap between demand and supply for Medicaid HCBS for the elderly.

Using economic impact analysis for arts management: an empirical application to a music institute in the USA

AbstractEconomic impact analysis can be used strategically by arts managers to provide information pertaining to making and justifying effective managerial and marketing decisions. The three aspects of economic impact analysis—direct, indirect and induced—reveal information such as arts participants' expenditure patterns, rationale for expenditure, relationships between participant demographics and expenditure, and amount of expenditure outside arts institutions. Arts managers can use the information and data to match product offerings of the institution with those of its participants; increase the participants' participation in, satisfaction with and loyalty to the institution; increase the stature and validity of the arts institution within the community; price the products of the arts institute; and increase community and financial support for arts institutions. This synergistic use of economic impact analysis information with marketing information is illustrated using a music institute in the USA. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications

An Inquiry Concerning the Use of Item Sampling as a Method to Reduce Testing Time

This study employed the procedure of item sampling to reduce the time expenditure of participants when responding to a questionnaire concerned with the implementation of an innovative elementary school project. Approximately fifty student teachers and forty-two regular classroom teachers responded to one of two forms of the questionnaire. There was a total of 103 multiple-choice questions on each form with thirteen questions being common to both forms (a total of 193 different questions) . Participation time was reduced from two hours to one hour for each participant. A comparison between the perception of student teachers on form A and B using the common items showed no significant differences; the same result held for the classroom teachers. However, there were differences between the perceptions of student teachers and the classroom teachers. These data were used to estimate and compare the perceptions of both groups for all items for all participants.