Enrollment Expansion Of Colleges Research Articles

A re-examination of the influence of human capital on urban-rural income gap in China: College enrollment expansion, digital economy and spatial spillover

In the context of the era of common prosperity, this paper seeks to explore the influence of human capital on the urban-rural income gap in China. To accomplish this, this paper utilizes panel data encompassing 31 provincial-level administrative regions spanning the years 2000 to 2019. Employing a combination of econometric techniques, including 2SLS, Difference-in-difference models, moderating effects models, and the spatial Durbin model, this paper investigates various facets of human capital and its impact on the urban-rural income gap. The key findings of this paper are as follows: (1) The relationship between human capital and the urban-rural income gap exhibits a U-shaped pattern. (2) The college enrollment expansion policy leads to the widening of the urban-rural income gap in China driven by factors related to the scale, quality, and inequality within higher education. (3) The digital economy plays a positive moderating role in the U-shaped relationship between human capital and the urban-rural income gap. (4) Human capital's impact on the urban-rural income gap demonstrates a significant spatial correlation, displaying a U-shaped spatial spillover effect. Drawing from the aforementioned findings, this paper offers valuable policy implications to guide policymakers in their efforts to foster the attainment of common prosperity.

Does expansion of college education benefit urban entrepreneurship and innovation in China?

It is important to determine whether China's unprecedented expansion of college education (ECE) since 1999 has made a significant impact on the urban entrepreneurship and innovation (E&I). Using the data of 284 cities at the prefecture level and above from 2000 to 2020, this study empirically identifies the average treatment effect (ATE) of China's ECE on the urban E&I with its spatial spillover and explores two mediating channels (i.e., talent accumulation, and labor misallocation) to reveal how China's ECE impacts urban E&I. The results verify that with strong significance and robustness, the ECE for either undergraduates or master's students wholly matter for the E&I of cities, especially cities located in eastern or northeast economic zone，cities with a population less than 5 million or the ones without “Mass Innovation and Entrepreneurship Demonstration Bases”. Meanwhile, both the “Matthew effect” and the spatially “beggar-thy-neighbor” of ATE induced by the ECE are also be confirmed. Arguably, the China's ECE contributes either more talents accumulation or less labor misallocation, thereby furtherly boosting urban E&I. Above results were beneficial, especially at the decision-making for the developing countries to promote urban innovation and entrepreneurship under the scenario of college enrollment expansion.

The improvement of ideological and political course education to the psychological anxiety of college students

BackgroundCollege students are in a critical period of value formation as a particular group. This group is more susceptible to the adverse influence of the outside world, producing anxiety, depression, and other negative psychology, causing personality crises. In recent years, many colleges and universities have set up psychological consultation rooms for college students. However, with the expansion of college enrollment, psychological counseling for tens of thousands of people but a drop in the bucket, unable to provide more student services.Subjects and MethodsIdeological and political courses can carry out the education of ideas and moral norms in a planned way to ensure college students’ ideological and ethical standards. Therefore, the study proposes to use the ideological and political curriculum education in colleges and universities to intervene in the anxiety of college students. Sixty students with anxiety in a university were randomly selected. It is divided into ideological and political course education groups and general education groups; each group is 30 people. SPSS23.0 software was used to analyze the changes in psychological anxiety.ResultsBefore the experiment, the baseline data of all students had no statistical significance (P>0.05). After the intervention, the psychological anxiety of students in the ideological and political education group was significantly improved compared with that in the general education group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsImproving ideological and political courses can alleviate the anxiety of college students and enhance their personalities and thoughts.AcknowledgementKey Projects in Education and Teaching Reform of Jinling Institute of Technology (JIT) in 2021 (No. JYJG202101).

Impact of vocational college enrollment expansion on students’ anxiety disorders

BackgroundThe expansion of vocational education enrollment is a policy measure aimed at increasing the popularity of vocational education. From the perspective of dealing with student anxiety, the expansion of vocational education may bring some positive effects.Subjects and Methods The study selected students from several vocational colleges as the research subjects and divided them into vocational expansion groups and non vocational expansion groups. The vocational expansion group includes newly recruited students under the expansion policy in recent years, while the non vocational expansion group includes traditionally recruited students. The study collected students’ anxiety scores and mental health questionnaire survey data as analysis indicators and used Stata statistical software for data processing and analysis.Results In the experimental results, the anxiety scores of students in the vocational expansion group were slightly lower. The anxiety score of students in the vocational expansion group decreased from the initial 28.5 to 27.8, while the anxiety score of students in the non vocational expansion group increased from the initial 27.8 to 30.2. The experimental results showed statistical significance between the experimental group and the control group.ConclusionsThe research results indicate that the expansion of vocational college enrollment has a certain positive impact on students’ anxiety disorder, providing a certain reference for the implementation of vocational college enrollment expansion policies, and having practical help effects on students’ mental health problems.AcknowledgementJiangsu Province Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project (No. 2021JSJG472).

Building social trust through education

Social trust plays a critical role in shaping the quality of governance. However, we still lack sufficient causal evidence of how social trust can be cultivated through the lens of public policy. In this paper, we, therefore, address this issue by identifying college education as a significant source of social trust. We employ a fuzzy regression discontinuity design based on the massive college enrollment expansion in China that began in 1999. Specifically, using nationwide survey data from the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP), we find that college education improves both generalized and personalized trust at the individual level. These effects are most pronounced among females and individuals in less developed areas (i.e., Central and Western China). Further analysis demonstrates that college education enhances individuals' social trust by elevating their socioeconomic status, specifically by increasing their chances of obtaining urban Hukou and raising their income. Overall, our findings suggest that in developing countries, social trust can be cultivated by improving access to higher education.

Gender Equity in the Distribution of Educational Resources in Higher Education in China

Since the expansion of college enrollment in 1999, the proportion of women in higher education has been increasing, and the gender structure of college students has become more balanced. However, even with the same higher education, male and female students will be treated differently due to gender differences. This article through gender differences in access to higher education, the gender stereotypes in higher education and the gender difference in graduate employment choices in China to figure out to what extent gender equity is in the distribution of educational resources in higher education in China. Female students face more obstacles and challenges than male students when pursuing higher education or looking for a job as a result of the traditional idea and stereotypes of females in society. In addition, the expectations and influences of families on their children, and physiological factors brought on by their gender also cause the situation. The allocation of resources for higher education is still disproportionately devoted to men.

How does the Expansion of University Enrollment affect the return on investment in China's Real Economy

The implementation of college enrollment expansion (CEE) has a positive effect on China's human capital (HC) and is beneficial to the return on investment（ROI） in China's Real Economy (RE). This paper selects the sample data of 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 2013 to 2020, and uses the two-way fixed effect model to study the impact of CEE on the RE. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship (USR) between university enrollment expansion and the RE, indicating that when the university enrollment expansion policy reaches a certain scale, it will have a positive promoting effect on the RE. Secondly, the degree of influence of CEE on the development of RE in different regions of China is also different. Compared with the eastern regions (ER), the positive effect of CEE on the central and western regions (WR) is more obvious. Finally, the intermediary mechanism shows that CEE can improve the level of HC by training more research and development personnel, so as to achieve high-quality economic development (HQED).

Changes in behavior patterns or demographic structure? Re-estimating the impact of higher education on the average age of the first marriage.

During the last few decades, China implemented college enrollment expansion to accelerate the process of urbanization. However, most existing papers blaming that receiving higher education may delay people choosing to enter the age of first marriage, which in turn results in the age of the population. In this paper, we argued that the previous papers confused the total impact of higher education on the average age of the first marriage with the influence on individual's behavior change, and thus led to overestimating the delayed effect of higher education on the age choosing behavior of first marriage. The present paper re-estimated the impact of higher education on the average age of the first marriage in China with both extensive and intensive margins using the duration model and qualified the pure effect on the behavior patterns change after removing macroeconomic factors. The results show that: (1) changes in either the demographic structure or behavior patterns due to higher education explain 63.41% or 36.59%, respectively, of the average marriage age delay; (2) the macro factors would delay the age of first marriage; (3) after controlling for demographic structure and macro factors, 3 years or more of higher education would only delay the choosing behavior of entering the first marriage by 0.84 years. Thus, we concluded that higher education does not completely squeeze the time of marriage, and the expansion of college enrollment could improve social and economic benefits.

Classroom management system based on WeChat small program

Due to the current expansion of college enrollment and the continuous improvement of students' self-study ability, the seats in libraries and study rooms become very scarce, which also makes the phenomenon of seat occupancy in libraries and study rooms more and more serious. Through these phenomena, we found the problem -- college seat resources are not enough or the utilization rate of resources is not high, due to the unreasonable use of resources, "more monks than fewer" phenomenon leads to the occurrence of seat occupancy contradictions. Therefore, to solve this problem, we use the classroom management system based on WeChat mini program to make it more convenient and fast for students and teachers to understand the use of seats in each classroom, check the use of seats in each classroom in advance before going out or the day before, and make location reservation according to the situation, so as to realize the efficient utilization of classroom seat resources in colleges and universities. In order to solve the university seat resources are not enough or resource utilization is not high problem

Research on the innovation mechanism of university branch party school under the new situation

The branch-party schools of colleges and universities are the derivatives of the expansion of college enrollment and students of faculties and departments reaching a certain scale under the new situation, which is extremely important for the full implementation of the fundamental requirements of strict party governance, improving the cohesion and centripetal force of grass-roots party organizations, and cultivating socialist successors. Four major mechanisms—strict organization and operation mechanism, standardized assessment and management mechanism, three-dimensional practical education mechanism, and advanced long-term teaching mechanism—are further proposed to strengthen the standardized construction of branch party schools based on the current state of research on the mechanical construction of university branch party schools.

Women’s Higher Education, Assortative Mating, and Empowerment: Long-Term Evidence from College Enrollment Expansion in South Korea

This study examines the impact of higher education on women’s bargaining power in the household in South Korea. Utilising the nationwide college expansion programs in South Korea in 1979 and 1981 as a natural experiment, this study uses 6181 married women born between 1943 and 1976 and adopts the birth cohort as an instrumental variable to identify women that benefitted from the programs. The results show that more years of schooling increased women’s property ownership and decision-making power at home, which is further explained by three channels. The first channel, related to women’s economic resources, indicates that education increased women’s likelihood of being employed, having a white-collar job, absolute income, and age at marriage. However, it did not increase women’s relative income compared to their husbands’. Second, consistent with the assortative mating theory, higher education encouraged women to marry a partner who has a prestigious job and is closer to their education level and age. Third, the channel of gender role attitudes revealed that more years of schooling led women to realize the need for financial independence from their spouses. These findings show how access to higher education for women improved gender equality in South Korean society.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Academic Mental Health and Employment Evaluation

The enrollment expansion of colleges and universities and the acceleration of today's social process bring fierce competition to students. Colleges and universities should attach great importance to the mental health and employment anxiety of graduate students. In order to better explore the relationship between them, this paper uses artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate students' psychology. The results show that: (1) When the crossover probability P value is less than 1, the psychology tends to be stable, and the emotion simulation conforms to the law of emotion change. (2) The accuracy of this model is higher than 82%, and the weighted fuzzy reasoning method can effectively analyze psychological symptoms. (3) After iteration, CNN has different recognition degrees for six emotions. (4) Finally, according to the emotional analysis given by the model, the source of students' psychological problems is discussed, and it is found that these students have different degrees of bad academic behavior; while they are anxious about employment, the employment rate is not satisfactory.

Does Human Capital Homogeneously Improve the Corporate Innovation: Evidence from China’s Higher Education Expansion in the Late 1990s

The effect of human capital on corporate innovation varies with the distribution of human capital intensity among industries. To analyze this heterogenous effect, we utilized the variation of college enrollment expansion across different regions in China as an exogenous human capital shock. Using a sample of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2008 and the difference-in-difference strategy, we found that industries with intensive human capital significantly increase the number of patent applications after the expansion policy. The effect is pronounced in invention patents and significantly positive in exporting and capital-intensive corporates. As for the channels, corporates in these industries are apt to adopt new technologies and increase R&D expenditures. Moreover, the agglomeration of new graduates accelerates knowledge spillover, thus promoting innovation in knowledge-intensive industries. In sum, this paper verifies the importance of policy intervention on skilled labor supply towards corporate innovation and supports the talent introduction plan of local government in China.

Lightweight Authentication Billing Enhancement Mechanism Based on the Fourier Fast Transform Algorithm

In recent years, with the development and extensive application of Internet technology and computer technology, and under the role of the continuous expansion and enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, how to effectively solve the Internet problems faced by teachers and students in colleges and universities has gradually become an important problem that the university information management department should solve in time. In order to continuously improve the efficiency of Internet access in universities, the Internet authentication and billing system for universities proposed in this paper take J2EE as the development platform and combines RADIUS protocol and PPPoE protocol to provide users with diversified Internet billing methods and strategies. At the same time, based on the Fourier fast transform algorithm, the development environment for the Internet authentication and billing system for colleges and universities is deployed, and after the Internet authentication and billing system is implemented, from the functional point of view of the system, the main functional modules are designed and implemented, including the authentication management function. module, billing management function module. The experimental results have shown that the throughput of PPPoE access server in the campus network using the Fourier rapid transform algorithm for traffic load balancing delay is small and stable between 200 ms and 300 ms after the optimization, which provides a feasible solution to promote the healthy and harmonious development of the university campus network.

University Educational Administration Management Platform Integrating Distributed Real-time Cloud Computing System

The prosperity of the economy has made the society develop rapidly, and the traditional education management system can no longer meet the needs of the modern society. Under the background of college enrollment expansion, it has brought new challenges to school management and development. In recent years, the evolution and widespread adoption of virtualization, service-oriented architecture, autonomous, and utility computing have converged to give birth to a new paradigm: cloud computing. Cloud computing allows on-demand delivery of software, hardware, and data as a service. Cloud computing has the characteristics of massive processing and storage capacity, high efficiency, virtualization, and low cost. It has changed the traditional way of accessing software and hardware, providing users with convenient services and computing resources, which has achieved remarkable results in the related fields. Meanwhile, cloud computing plays an important role in education and teaching through its wide application in various fields. Based on this, this paper aims to study the application of distributed real-time cloud computing system in educational administration management in colleges and universities. This paper establishes a university educational administration management platform based on the cloud service computing system, and applies the management technology and distributed storage technology of the cloud computing platform. The system constructed in this paper significantly improves the utilization of CPU and memory. The research results of this paper showed that the response speed of the educational administration management system built through cloud computing has been significantly improved, with an average response time of 1.3s and an error of less than 0.4.

Analysis of College Students’ Ability to Improve Innovation and Entrepreneurship Based on Constrained Clustering Algorithm

With the expansion of college enrollment, college graduates have continued to expand, and the employment situation has become more and more severe. As a new form of employment, innovation and entrepreneurship are becoming more and more important in college teaching. Entrepreneurial success is crucial. This paper proposes an entropy-based active learning method (ALPCS), which is divided into three stages: selection, exploration, and consolidation. The main contents are as follows: in the selection stage, the fuzzy c -means algorithm is used to obtain the membership of all samples, then calculate their Shannon entropy, and finally, select the sample with large Shannon entropy to generate an information subset (the larger the Shannon entropy, the greater the uncertainty, and the more information it contains). The distance-first strategy actively selects samples from the information subset to construct a cluster skeleton cluster. If it is equal to the real number of clusters, it enters the consolidation phase; otherwise, the active learning method stops. In the consolidation phase, sequentially from the information, the nonskeleton set points with the largest uncertainty are selected in the subset to form queries with the points in the skeleton set until the must-link constraint is formed. In this stage, the principle of minimum symmetric relative entropy first is used to reduce the number of queries. The ALPCS algorithm is compared and evaluated, and the final experimental results show that the ALPCS algorithm has a good performance when the number of queries is large.

Information Resource Sharing Based on University Dance Big Data Management and Utilization System Design

With the expansion of college enrollment, the number of college students is increasing, and the amount of information to be dealt with in the information management of college students is increasing. In most colleges and universities, managing college student information is done artificially. In this context, how to effectively manage and utilize the dance big data of college students has important research value. Therefore, this article takes the development and realization of student dance under the public service platform system of colleges and universities as the subject and design the university dance big data management and utilization system based on information resource sharing. Due to the high mobility of college students, this work also carries out an information resource sharing strategy to establish the dance big data management and utilization system for universities; after the implementation of the student dance big data management service system, colleges and universities can provide more convenient transfer, management, query, and other services of student files.

Higher education expansion and crime: New evidence from China

In this paper we present causal evidence on the impact of higher education expansion on crime by exploiting a massive expansion of college enrollment in China since 1999, using data from multiple sources. Our identification strategy exploits regional variation in the intensity of the higher education expansion with partially identified difference-in-differences models. We explore various assumptions to account for the potential unparallel trends over years and find that college expansion causally reduces crime rates and the effect changes over time. Moreover, the crime reducing effect extends beyond the post-secondary educational level and into the senior high schools. Our findings document an important yet overlooked positive externality associated with higher education expansion.

Heterogeneous firm responses to increases in high-skilled workers: Evidence from China's college enrollment expansion

Over the past several decades, the returns to college education have steadily increased in many countries of the world despite an increased supply of college graduates. In this paper, using local-labor market data on the composition of the labor force combined with detailed firm-level data covering the period of a large-scale expansion of college enrollment in China, we seek to identify within-firm adjustments to labor market changes. The empirical work is guided by a model in which there are two types of production technologies, characterized by two different types of capitals, one skill-biased and the other labor-biased. The empirical results, consistent with the model and the observed trends in schooling and rates of return, indicate that there were significant adjustments in capital and R&D within-firms in response to an enlarged college-educated labor force.

An Empirical Study on the Improvement of College Students' Employability Based on University Factors.

With the popularization of higher education and the promotion of college enrollment expansion, the number of college graduates increases sharply. At the same time, the continuous transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure put forward higher requirements on the employability of college students, which leads to the imbalance between supply and demand in the labor market. The key to dealing with employment difficulties lie in the improvement of college students’ employability. Therefore, we make a regression analysis of 263 valid samples from universities in Anhui Province and extract the factors that influence the improvement of college students’ employability in the process of talent cultivation in university. The result shows that there is a positive correlation between course setting, course teaching, club activities, and college students’ employability, among which the course teaching and club activities are the most critical factors which may influence college students’ employability. In addition, from the viewpoint of individual college students, the overall grades of college students and the time of participating in the internship are also closely related to their employability, i.e., college students with good overall grades and long internship time should also have stronger employability.