Exotic Groups Research Articles

Assessment of variations in the haematological and hepatorenal biomarkers alongside oxidant‐antioxidant imbalance in exotic and indigenous horses infected with Theileria equi

SummaryBackgroundTheileria equi latently infected horses remain under oxidative stress which can be easily determined by evaluating the concerned biomarkers. Until now, very limited data are available regarding study of oxidative stress alongside hepatorenal biomarker alterations in carrier equids.ObjectivesThis study was aimed to investigate oxidative stress and hepato‐renal alterations in respective biomarkers in latently T. equi‐infected exotic and indigenous horses.Study designThe study involved 24 (n = 24) T. equi latently infected horses (11 exotic and 13 indigenous) while 50 horses (n = 50) served as the non‐infected group. Haematological, hepato‐renal and oxidative stress biomarkers analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of latent T. equi infection on these parameters.ResultsIn the T. equi‐infected exotic horse group, significant decreases in Hb, PCV, TLC and eosinophils were observed in comparison with the T. equi‐infected indigenous horse group. Blood glucose and SOD levels were significantly lower while serum MDA levels were significantly increased in T. equi‐infected horses than the noninfected groups. Higher MDA levels are suggestive of biochemical changes in parasitised erythrocytes making their membrane rigid and liable to erythrolysis. Decreased SOD levels were indicative of a disturbance in anti‐oxidative mechanisms leading to accumulation of free radicals attributing to oxidative injuries to T. equi‐infected erythrocytes.Main limitationsLatently infected animals with very low parasitaemia which are unable to damage host cells may lead to false negative results. Another limitation is the difficulty in ruling out other similar disease‐causing oxidative stresses.ConclusionThese observations indicated that T. equi naturally latently infected exotic horses were more liable to develop a condition in comparison to indigenous infected horses. From the above results, we can conclude that T. equi infection exerts a marked effect on the hepato‐renal biomarkers and significantly affects the key antioxidant defence mechanisms of infected erythrocytes, leading to oxidative damage to the erythrocytes membrane and ultimately its haemolysis.

Exotic C⁎-algebras of geometric groups

We consider a new class of potentially exotic group C*-algebras C⁎(PFp⁎(G)) for a locally compact group G, and its connection with the class of potentially exotic group C*-algebras CLp⁎(G) introduced by Brown and Guentner. Surprisingly, these two classes of C*-algebras are intimately related. By exploiting this connection, we show CLp⁎(G)=C⁎(PFp⁎(G)) for p∈(2,∞), and the C*-algebras CLp⁎(G) are pairwise distinct for p∈(2,∞) when G belongs to a large class of nonamenable groups possessing the Haagerup property and either the rapid decay property or Kunze-Stein phenomenon by characterizing the positive definite functions that extend to positive linear functionals of CLp⁎(G) and C⁎(PFp⁎(G)). This greatly generalizes earlier results of Okayasu (see [30]) and the second author (see [40]) on the pairwise distinctness of CLp⁎(G) for 2<p<∞ when G is either a noncommutative free group or the group SL(2,R), respectively.As a byproduct of our techniques, we present two applications to the theory of unitary representations of a locally compact group G. Firstly, we give a short proof of the well-known Cowling-Haagerup-Howe Theorem, which presents sufficient condition implying the weak containment of a cyclic unitary representation of G in the left regular representation of G (see [14]). Also we give a near solution to a 1978 conjecture of Cowling stated in [10]. This conjecture of Cowling states if G is a Kunze-Stein group and π is a unitary representation of G with cyclic vector ξ such that the mapG∋s↦〈π(s)ξ,ξ〉 belongs to Lp(G) for some 2<p<∞, then Aπ⊆Lp(G). We show Bπ⊆Lp+ϵ(G) for every ϵ>0 (recall Aπ⊆Bπ).

Exotic Picard groups and chromatic vanishing via the Gross-Hopkins duality

In this paper, we study the exotic K(h)-local Picard groups κh when 2p−1=h2 and the homological Chromatic Vanishing Conjecture when p−1 does not divide h. The main idea is to use the Gross-Hopkins duality to relate both questions to certain Greek letter element computations in chromatic homotopy theory. Classical results of Miller-Ravenel-Wilson then imply that an exotic element at height 3 and prime 5 is not detected by the type-2 complex V(1). For the homological Vanishing Conjecture, we prove it holds modulo the invariant prime ideal Ih−1. We further show that this special case of the Vanishing Conjecture implies the exotic Picard group κh is zero at height 3 and prime 5. Both results can be thought of as a first step towards proving the vanishing of κ3 at prime 5.

The use of gambier as a tanner for fur-tanned rabbit skin

Rabbit fur skin is an exotic skin group and a by-product of slaughtering animal houses. The tanning process is a process for processing. This vegetable tanning can be used as vegetable tanning materials derived from materials obtained from nature. examples of vegetable tanners are gambier and mimosa. The material used for research was rabbit fur 15 pieces and gambier. The research used in this experiment was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications, and there were significant influences would be tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test Method. The treatment of this research used mimosa 4% (T0), gambier 3% (T1), 4% (T2), 5% (T3) dan 6% (T4). The result showed that using gambier as tanning material has a significant effect on tensile strength, tear strength, thickness, and flexibility. The best result of this research was T4 using 6% of gambier as a tanning agent. The tanned skin had 34,43 N/mm2 tensile strength, 8,25 Kg/cm, tear strength of 2,33 mm thickness, and 77,09% flexibility. The conclusion of this research is gambier can be added as a tanning agent for rabbit fur and gives good quality.

Spin-orbit microlaser emitting in a four-dimensional Hilbert space.

A step towards the next generation of high-capacity, noise-resilient communication and computing technologies is a substantial increase in the dimensionality of information space and the synthesis of superposition states on an N-dimensional (N > 2) Hilbert space featuring exotic group symmetries. Despite the rapid development of photonic devices and systems, on-chip information technologies are mostly limited to two-level systems owing to the lack of sufficient reconfigurability to satisfy the stringent requirement for 2(N - 1) degrees of freedom, intrinsically associated with the increase of synthetic dimensionalities. Even with extensive efforts dedicated to recently emerged vector lasers and microcavities for the expansion of dimensionalities1-10, it still remains a challenge to actively tune the diversified, high-dimensional superposition states of light on demand. Here we demonstrate a hyperdimensional, spin-orbit microlaser for chip-scale flexible generation and manipulation of arbitrary four-level states. Two microcavities coupled through a non-Hermitian synthetic gauge field are designed to emit spin-orbit-coupled states of light with six degrees of freedom. The vectorial state of the emitted laser beam in free space can be mapped on a Bloch hypersphere defining an SU(4) symmetry, demonstrating dynamical generation and reconfiguration of high-dimensional superposition states with high fidelity.

Unravelling Effective-Medium transport and interfacial resistance in (CaTe)x(GeTe)100-x thermoelectrics

This work reports an exotic group of (CaTe)x(GeTe)100-x thermoelectric materials, which compromise the composite of CaTe nanoinclusions and GeTe matrix. By incrementing Ca fraction, the figure-of-merit of GeTe is enhanced from 0.9 to 2.0 in nominal (CaTe)8(GeTe)92 at 800 K, referring to a heat-to-electricity efficiency of 9.7 % under a temperature difference of 500 K. Density-functional theory calculation and effective-medium theory modelling are used to ascribe the exceptional thermoelectric properties to two effective mechanisms. First, alloying Ca depopulates the Ge vacancies in GeTe via elevating the formation energy, which optimizes carrier concentration to secure a large power factor of 44.3 μW∙cm−1∙K−2. Second, densely distributed CaTe nanoprecipitates can contribute to additional effective-medium transport, while also manipulate interfacial electrical and thermal resistance due to energy filtering and phonon diffusion-mismatch effects, which decreases thermal conductivity to 1.8 W∙m−1∙K−1. The present work with reasonably increased figure-of-merit and conversion efficiency can inspire future investigations towards high-performance GeTe thermoelectrics.

Chemical Modifications for a Next Generation of Nucleic Acid Aptamers.

In the past three decades, in vitro systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) has yielded many aptamers for translational applications in both research and clinical settings. Despite their promise as an alternative to antibodies, the low success rate of SELEX (∼30 %) has been a major bottleneck that hampers the further development of aptamers. One hurdle is the lack of chemical diversity in nucleic acids. To address this, the aptamer chemical repertoire has been extended by introducing exotic chemical groups, which provide novel binding functionalities. This review will focus on how modified aptamers can be selected and evolved, with illustration of some successful examples. In particular, unique chemistries are exemplified. Various strategies of incorporating modified building blocks into the standard SELEX protocol are highlighted, with a comparison of the differences between pre-SELEX and post-SELEX modifications. Nucleic acid aptamers with extended functionality evolved from non-natural chemistries will open up new vistas for function and application of nucleic acids.

The BNSR-invariants of the Lodha–Moore groups, and an exotic simple group of type

AbstractIn this paper we give a complete description of the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel–Renz invariants of the Lodha–Moore groups. The second author previously computed the first two invariants, and here we show that all the higher invariants coincide with the second one, which finishes the complete computation. As a consequence, we present a complete picture of the finiteness properties of normal subgroups of the first Lodha–Moore group. In particular, we show that every finitely presented normal subgroup of the group is of type $\textrm{F}_\infty$ , answering a question posed in Oberwolfach in 2018. The proof involves applying a variation of Bestvina–Brady discrete Morse theory to the so called cluster complex X introduced by the first author. As an application, we also demonstrate that a certain simple group S previously constructed by the first author is of type $\textrm{F}_\infty$ . This provides the first example of a type $\textrm{F}_\infty$ simple group that acts faithfully on the circle by homeomorphisms, but does not admit any nontrivial action by $C^1$ -diffeomorphisms, nor by piecewise linear homeomorphisms, on any 1-manifold.

Exotic group C * -algebras of simple Lie groups with real rank one

Exotic group C * -algebras are C * -algebras that lie between the universal and the reduced group C * -algebra of a locally compact group. We consider simple Lie groups G with real rank one and investigate their exotic group C * -algebras C L p+ * (G), which are defined through L p -integrability properties of matrix coefficients of unitary representations. First, we show that the subset of equivalence classes of irreducible unitary L p+ -representations forms a closed ideal of the unitary dual of these groups. This result holds more generally for groups with the Kunze–Stein property. Second, for every classical simple Lie group G with real rank one and every 2≤q<p≤∞, we determine whether the canonical quotient map C L p+ * (G)↠C L q+ * (G) has non-trivial kernel. Our results generalize, with different methods, recent results of Samei and Wiersma on exotic group C * -algebras of SO 0 (n,1) and SU(n,1). In particular, our approach also works for groups with property (T).

Following the Trace of HVS II Mitochondrial Region Within the Nine Iranian Ethnic Groups Based on Genetic Population Analysis.

The Iranian gene pool is seen as an important human genetic resource for investigating the region connecting Mesopotamia and the Iranian plateau. The main objective of this study was to explore gene flow in nine Iranian ethnic/subpopulation groups (402 samples) by examining mtDNA HVS2 sequence variations. This then allowed us to detect mtDNA HVS2 sequence mutations in two independent thalassemia and cystic fibrosis patient sample groups. The patient groups did not explicitly belong to any of the aforementioned nine subpopulations. Across all subpopulations, the haplogroups B4a1c3a, H2a2a1, N10b, H2a2a2, and J1 were seen to be predominant. High haplogroup diversities along with admixture of the exotic groups were observed in this study. The Arab subpopulation was shown to be independent from the others. It was revealed that there is a far distant relationship between Arab and Azeri groups. The thalassemia patient group, represented an almost random sample of most Iranian ethnic groups, and revealed few significant differences (P < 0.05) in their HVS2 sequence. It turned out that the IVS II-I (G → A) mutation in the thalassemia β-globin gene was highly significant. Since the thalassemia patients in the present study represent many unique haplotypes, we can begin to comprehend the importance of mtDNA with this disease and the necessity for more studies in this context.

A 2-Compact Group as a Spets

In 1993, Broué, Malle and Michel initiated the study of spetses on the Greek island bearing the same name. These are mysterious objects attached to non-real Weyl groups. In algebraic topology, a p-compact group X is a space which is a homotopy-theoretic p-local analogue of a compact Lie group. A connected p-compact group X is determined by its root datum which in turn determines its Weyl group . In this article, we give strong numerical evidence for a connection between these two objects by considering the case when X is the exotic 2-compact group constructed by Dwyer–Wilkerson and is the complex reflection group . Inspired by results in Deligne–Lusztig theory for classical groups, if q is an odd prime power, then we propose a set of “ordinary irreducible characters” associated to the space of homotopy fixed points under the unstable Adams operation ψq. Notably, includes the set of unipotent characters associated to G24 constructed by Broué, Malle and Michel from the Hecke algebra of G24 using the theory of spetses. By regarding as the classifying space of a Benson–Solomon fusion system we formulate and prove an analogue of Robinson’s ordinary weight conjecture that the number of characters of defect d in can be counted locally.

Alien plant species on roadsides of the northwestern Patagonian steppe (Argentina).

The introduction of alien species represents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Highway construction increases the dispersal and invasion of exotic plant species. This study examined the assembly process of the plant communities to determine whether the roadsides of the Patagonian steppe represent a reservoir and dispersal source of invasive exotic species. We analyzed the composition of exotic and native species and functional groups present in the established vegetation and seed banks of roadsides and reference areas nearby. The type of dispersal of exotic and native species at the roadsides was also evaluated. Total cover and that of exotic and native species was lower at the roadsides than in the reference areas; however, at the roadsides the cover and seed abundance of exotic species was higher than that of native species. In the roadsides vegetation, native shrubs such as Acaena splendens predominated, along with exotic perennial herbs and grasses which were mainly represented by Rumex acetosella. In the seed bank the predominant species were exotic perennial herbs, also represented by R. acetosella, annual exotic species such as Epilobium brachycarpum and Verbascum thapsus, and annual native species such as Heliotropium paronychioides. No exotic shrubs were found either at the roadsides or in the reference areas. The species at the roadsides did not present a dominant type of dispersal. The abundance of exotic species at the roadsides, both in the aboveground vegetation and the seed bank, may be due to the stressful environment and the characteristics of the species themselves, such as the ability to form seed banks. This work revealed that the roadsides of the Patagonian steppe constitute reservoirs of invasive exotic species, highlighting the importance of identifying them and controlling their spread, with a view to generating ecosystem management programs.

Posttranslational chemical installation of azoles into translated peptides

Azoles are five-membered heterocycles often found in the backbones of peptidic natural products and synthetic peptidomimetics. Here, we report a method of ribosomal synthesis of azole-containing peptides involving specific ribosomal incorporation of a bromovinylglycine derivative into the nascent peptide chain and its chemoselective conversion to a unique azole structure. The chemoselective conversion was achieved by posttranslational dehydrobromination of the bromovinyl group and isomerization in aqueous media under fairly mild conditions. This method enables us to install exotic azole groups, oxazole and thiazole, at designated positions in the peptide chain with both linear and macrocyclic scaffolds and thereby expand the repertoire of building blocks in the mRNA-templated synthesis of designer peptides.

Strong Novikov conjecture for low degree cohomology and exotic group C*-algebras

We strengthen a result of Hanke-Schick about the strong Novikov conjecture for low degree cohomology by showing that their non-vanishing result for the maximal group C*-algebra holds for many other exotic group C*-algebras, in particular the one associated to the smallest strongly Morita compatible and exact crossed product functor used in the new version of the Baum-Connes conjecture. To achieve this we provide a Fell absorption principle for certain exotic crossed product functors.

Heterosis for egg production in native by exotic by inbred chicken crosses

Inbred lines generated from the native and exotic chickens were compared with their F1 and backcross populations for a range of short term egg production traits. The experimental birds were brooded for 8 weeks and raised on a deep litter pens from 8 to 40 weeks of age. Age at first eggs were longer in the crossbred groups and the delay was mostly caused by the dominant genes from the exotic parents. Highly significant (P&gt;0.01) heterosis were obtained by the crossbred groups in hen day rate and total egg mass respectively. The heterosis observed in the crossbred groups for egg weight was low and mostly non significant. the backcross groups recorded residual heterosis in egg production traits ( hen day rate, total egg mass and egg weight) and the magnitude was higher in the exotic than the native backcrosses. The results further indicate that the egg production performance of the crossbred groups were mostly influenced by maternal, sex linked, dominance and epistatic gene effects. It was suggested that the egg production potential of the native chicken could be improved further by cross mating-selected native and exotic backcross groups. This should be followed by crisscrossing.

Something old, something new: Evolution of Colombian weedy rice (Oryza spp.) through de novo de-domestication, exotic gene flow, and hybridization.

Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) is a worldwide weed of domesticated rice (O. sativa), considered particularly problematic due to its strong competition with the crop, which leads to reduction in yields and harvest quality. Several studies have established multiple independent origins for weedy rice populations in the United States and various parts of Asia; however, the origins of weedy rice in South America have not been examined in a global context. We evaluated the genetic variation of weedy rice populations in Colombia, as well as the contributions of local wild Oryza species, local cultivated varieties, and exotic Oryza groups to the weed, using polymorphism generated by genotyping by sequencing (GBS). We found no evidence for genomic contributions from local wild Oryza species (O. glumaepatula, O. grandiglumis, O. latifolia, and O. alta) to Colombian weedy rice. Instead, Colombian weedy rice has evolved from local indica cultivars and has also likely been inadvertently imported as an exotic pest from the United States. Additionally, weeds comprising de novo admixture between these distinct weedy populations now represent a large proportion of genomic backgrounds in Colombian weedy rice. Our results underscore the impressive ability of weedy rice to evolve through multiple evolutionary pathways, including in situ de‐domestication, range expansion, and hybridization.

Discrimination of genotypes coffee by chemical composition of the beans: Potential markers in natural coffees

The chemical composition of coffee beans varies according to the cultivar used, but there is little information about the differences among them resulting in different sensory profiles. The purpose was to find potential chemical markers to discriminate genealogical groups of coffee using regression analysis by partial least squares. Twenty-two accessions of C. arabica were used with two repetitions each. There were chromatographic and physical–chemical analyses to determine the composition of raw beans and chemometric analysis as the PCA and the PLS-DA. The analysis of PCA did not showed detailed information about the differences between the groups. The model PLS-DA identified the most important variables in the discrimination of the genealogical groups. Arachidic acid and stearic acid the markers for the Bourbon group; the myristic and linoleic acids and sucrose for the Exotic group; and lauric, palmitoleic and oleic acids, and the protein content to the Timor Hybrid group.

A completion theorem for fusion systems

We show that the twisted K-theory of the classifying space of a p-local finite group is isomorphic to the completion of the Grothendieck group of twisted representations of the fusion system with respect to the augmentation ideal of the representation ring of the fusion system. We use this result to compute the K-theory of the Ruiz-Viruel exotic 7-local finite groups.

Symmetric pairs for Nichols algebras of diagonal type via star products

We construct symmetric pairs for Drinfeld doubles of pre-Nichols algebras of diagonal type and determine when they possess an Iwasawa decomposition. This extends G. Letzter's theory of quantum symmetric pairs. Our results can be uniformly applied to Kac–Moody quantum groups for a generic quantum parameter, for roots of unity in respect to both big and small quantum groups, to quantum supergroups and to exotic quantum groups of ufo type. We give a second construction of symmetric pairs for Heisenberg doubles in the above generality and prove that they always admit an Iwasawa decomposition.For symmetric pair coideal subalgebras with Iwasawa decomposition in the above generality we then address two problems which are fundamental already in the setting of quantum groups. Firstly, we show that the symmetric pair coideal subalgebras are isomorphic to intrinsically defined deformations of partial bosonizations of the corresponding pre-Nichols algebras. To this end we develop a general notion of star products on N-graded connected algebras which provides an efficient tool to prove that two deformations of the partial bosonization are isomorphic. The new perspective also provides an effective algorithm for determining the defining relations of the coideal subalgebras.Secondly, for Nichols algebras of diagonal type, we use the linear isomorphism between the coideal subalgebra and the partial bosonization to give an explicit construction of quasi K-matrices as sums over dual bases. We show that the resulting quasi K-matrices give rise to weakly universal K-matrices in the above generality.

A Score-based Method for Assessing the Importance of Urban Forest and its Ecosystem Services

Urban scape constitutes the manifestation of various natural and anthropic elements entangled in a specific form. However, arbitrary land-use changes during the last few decades have witnessed a significant biodiversity loss in urban areas. Over 50% of the earth’s human population lives in the urban settlement, which accounts for less than 3% of the earth’s urbanized area. Urban green spaces act as biodiversity refuge in urban areas. In such crucial circumstances, an urban forest can play a critical role in biodiversity conservation and management through academic green spaces. To understand and evaluate the role of the urban forest, the present study carried out on the campus of [CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)], Nagpur. Furthermore, an innovative and multifaceted index named total importance value (TIV) index was developed, which used to analyze the importance of the trees present on the campus. Results revealed the presence of more than 200 plant species belonging to both native and exotic groups and their contributions to improve the urban environment in terms of the TIV index. The study also advocates the usages of TIV as a framework for the development and planning of climate-smart green cities, which is resilience to climate change.