Exotic Channels Research Articles

Henneguyosis: A novel threat to the exotic channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus cultivated in China

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus is a freshwater fish of economic importance and has been worldwide introduced for aquaculture purposes. China has become the main producer of channel catfish and also the primary casualty of significant economic loss caused by various contagious diseases. Hence, surveillance of the causative agents can contribute to catfish industry security. In this study, the branchial infections that emerged in the domesticated channel catfish were reported in China, and three species of Henneguya were each determined to be responsible for the infection in single locality. Among these, the species isolated from Zhijiang City exhibited multifocal infection on the gills. It showed elongated lanceolate myxospores measured 14.8 ± 0.9 (12.6–16.7) × 3.9 ± 0.3 (3.4–4.7) × 3.5 ± 0.2 (2.9–3.9) μm and was distinct from the measurement of other congeners. A blast search against all sequences available in the Genbank database showed that H. exilis of 97.35% identity is the highest similarity to the present species. Accordingly, we denominated the Zhijiang isolates as Henneguya extensa n. sp. The second species were pooled from the surface of the gill filaments of catfish specimen sampled from Anqing City, showing myxospores measured 14 ± 1.3 (11.6–16.6) × 3.6 ± 0.2 (3.1–4) × 3.1 ± 0.2 (2.8–3.6) μm. It was identified as a species novel to the science based on the characteristic morphology and morphometrics. Therefore, we denominated it Henneguya anqingensis n. sp. A heavy burden of plasmodia formed by the third species that is destructive to the gill integrity was encountered in Yancheng City. By the identical morphology and overlapping morphometrics, this species was assigned to be Henneguya postexilisMinchew, 1977 initially reported from the USA. A pairwise sequence comparison and an evolution divergence analysis indicated a conspecific nature of the American and Chinese populations of H. postexilis. Phylogenetic analysis placed H. extensa n. sp. and H. postexilis in a clade comprising species predominantly infecting Ictaluridae fish native to North America. Histologically, the aggressive propagation of both H. extensa n. sp. and H. postexilis in the gills elicited extensive lamellar deformation and conspicuous occupation in the respiratory areas, potentially imposing survival pressure by suffocating the infected fish. Overall, the emergence of the branchial Henneguyosis was determined and, as the population of Henneguya species increased by the dense anthropogenic activity, may threaten the channel catfish industry in China.

Implications of a Fast Radio Burst from a Galactic Magnetar

Abstract A luminous radio burst was recently detected in temporal coincidence with a hard X-ray flare from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 with a time and frequency structure consistent with cosmological fast radio bursts (FRBs) and a fluence within a factor of ≲10 of the least energetic extragalactic FRB previously detected. Although active magnetars are commonly invoked FRB sources, several distinct mechanisms have been proposed for generating the radio emission that make different predictions for the accompanying higher-frequency radiation. We show that the properties of the coincident radio and X-ray flares from SGR 1935+2154, including their approximate simultaneity and relative fluence , as well as the duration and spectrum of the X-ray emission, are consistent with extant predictions for the synchrotron maser shock model. Rather than arising from the inner magnetosphere, the X-rays are generated by (incoherent) synchrotron radiation from thermal electrons heated at the same internal shocks that produce the coherent maser emission as ultrarelativistic flare ejecta collides with a slower particle outflow (e.g., as generated by earlier flaring activity) on a radial scale of cm. Although the rate of SGR 1935+2154–like bursts in the local universe is not sufficient to contribute appreciably to the extragalactic FRB rate, the inclusion of an additional population of more active magnetars with stronger magnetic fields than the Galactic population can explain both the FRB rate and the repeating fraction, but only if the population of active magnetars are born at a rate that is at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the SGR 1935+2154–like magnetars. This may imply that the more active magnetar sources are not younger magnetars formed in a similar way to the Milky Way population (e.g., via ordinary supernovae) but are instead formed through more exotic channels, such as superluminous supernovae, accretion-induced collapse, or neutron star mergers.

Systematic study of the muon-nucleus overlap integrals for various processes in muonic atoms

As it is known, the bound muon of a muonic atom can participate in many electroweak processes as the allowed channels of the ordinary ^""-capture by the atomic nucleus, μ~ •+- (A, Z) -» (A,Z — l) + νβ, and the muon decay in orbit, μ~ -» e~ + υμ ·+- ve, as well as the exotic channels of the muon-to-electron, μ~ + (A, Z) —> (.A, Z)* + e~, and muon-to-positron, μ~ + (A, Ζ) -» (A, Ζ — 2) + e+, conversions. The latter reactions have not been seen by experiments up to now, but they are predicted by various extensions of the standard model (they violate the flavor and/or lepton quantum numbers). For all the above muonic processes, the muon-nucleus overlap integrals are necessary in order to calculate the relevant rates. These integrals can be evaluated if, in addition to the nuclear states, the wave function of the bound muon (also that of the outgoinglepton) are known. In the present work, we perform precise calculations of the muon (and electron/positron) wave functions for both the Schrödinger and Dirac equations. We use modern neural network techniques to overcome the difficulties arising from the finite size of the nucléon and nuclear Coulomb potential. As some applications, the obtained muonnucleus integrals for various muonic atoms are going to be used for evaluating exclusive muon-capture rates and muon to electron/positron conversion branching ratios.

Higgs boson decay into four bottom quarks in the SM and beyond

We present predictions for the Higgs boson decay into four bottom quarks in the standard model and via light exotic scalars retaining full bottom-quark mass dependence. In the SM the decay can be induced either by the Yukawa couplings of bottom quarks and top quarks or the electroweak couplings. We calculate the partial decay width and various differential distributions up to next-to-leading order in QCD. We find large QCD corrections for decay via Yukawa couplings, as large as 90% for the partial decay width, and reduced scale variations. The results of this paper are therefore helpful for the measurement of this multi-jets final state at future Higgs factory of electron-positron colliders. We also propose several observables that can differentiate the SM decay channel and the exotic decay channel and compare their next-to-leading order predictions.

Nucleon- J/ψ and nucleon- ηc scattering in Pc pentaquark channels from lattice QCD

The lattice QCD simulation of $NJ/\psi$ and $N\eta_c$ scattering is performed at $m_\pi\simeq 266~$MeV in channels with all possible $J^P$. This includes $J^P=3/2^\pm$ and $5/2^\pm$ where LHCb discovered $P_c(4380)$ and $P_c(4450)$ pentaquark states in proton$-J/\psi$ decay. This is the first lattice simulation that reaches the energies 4.3-4.5 GeV where pentaquarks reside. Several decay channels are open in this energy region and we explore the fate of $P_c$ in the one-channel approximation in this work. Energies of eigenstates are extracted for the nucleon-charmonium system at zero total momentum for all quantum numbers, i.e. six lattice irreducible representations. No significant energy shifts are observed. The number of the observed lattice eigenstates agrees with the number expected for non-interacting charmonium and nucleon. Thus, we do not find any strong indication for a resonance or a bound state in these exotic channels within one-channel approximation. This possibly indicates that the coupling of $NJ/\psi $ channel with other two-hadron channels might be responsible for $P_c$ resonances in experiment. One of the challenges of this study is that up to six degenerate $J/\psi(p) N(-p)$ eigenstates are expected in the non-interacting limit due non-zero spins of $J/\psi$ and N, and we establish all of them in the spectra.

Review of fundamental nuclear-geophysical researches in OSENU: i. standard beta decay theory elements and new cooperative electron-β-nuclear spectroscopy

This paper opens a series of publications, devoted to review of new results of the original nuclear-geophysical researches at the OSENU mathematics department and its laboratories (computational and quantum mathematics and mechanics, environmental radioactivity, nuclear geophysics). Primarily the first material will focus on fundamental issues that constitute the theoretical basis of the further applied nuclear-geophysical research. It is shortly presented a modern approach to computing the key parameters of the beta decay processes. There are discussed the cooperative electron β-nuclear processes in atoms and molecules, including the excitation, ionization, electronic rearrangement, induced by the nuclear reactions and β-decay. A few factors are taken into account: changing the integration limits in the Fermi function integral, energy corrections for different chemical substances, and the possibility of the bound β-decay or other exotic decay channels.

Quantum channel construction with circuit quantum electrodynamics

Quantum channels can describe all transformations allowed by quantum mechanics. We provide an explicit universal protocol to construct all possible quantum channels, using a single qubit ancilla with quantum non-demolition readout and adaptive control. Our construction is efficient in both physical resources and circuit depth, and can be demonstrated using superconducting circuits and various other physical platforms. There are many applications of quantum channel construction, including system stabilization and quantum error correction, Markovian and exotic channel simulation, implementation of generalized quantum measurements and more general quantum instruments. Efficient construction of arbitrary quantum channels opens up exciting new possibilities for quantum control, quantum sensing and information processing tasks.

Pathological assessment of exotic channel catfish infected by South American Anodontites trapesialis from Brazilian fish farm

Aquaculture ResearchVolume 48, Issue 7 p. 3975-3979 Short Communication Pathological assessment of exotic channel catfish infected by South American Anodontites trapesialis from Brazilian fish farm Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão, Corresponding Author Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão gmrvalladao@gmail.com LAPOA – Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, BrazilCorrespondence: Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão, Aquaculture Center of Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. E-mail: gmrvalladao@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorSantiago Benites De Pádua, Santiago Benites De Pádua AQUIVET – Aquatic Health, São José do Rio Preto, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorNycolas Levy-Pereira, Nycolas Levy-Pereira LAPOA – Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorThaís Heloísa Vaz Farias, Thaís Heloísa Vaz Farias LAPOA – Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorFabiana Pilarski, Fabiana Pilarski LAPOA – Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão, Corresponding Author Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão gmrvalladao@gmail.com LAPOA – Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, BrazilCorrespondence: Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão, Aquaculture Center of Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. E-mail: gmrvalladao@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorSantiago Benites De Pádua, Santiago Benites De Pádua AQUIVET – Aquatic Health, São José do Rio Preto, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorNycolas Levy-Pereira, Nycolas Levy-Pereira LAPOA – Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorThaís Heloísa Vaz Farias, Thaís Heloísa Vaz Farias LAPOA – Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorFabiana Pilarski, Fabiana Pilarski LAPOA – Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 April 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13075Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume48, Issue7July 2017Pages 3975-3979 RelatedInformation

Quantum resistor-capacitor circuit with Majorana fermion modes in a chiral topological superconductor.

We investigate the mesoscopic resistor-capacitor circuit consisting of a quantum dot coupled to spatially separated Majorana fermion modes in a chiral topological superconductor. We find substantially enhanced relaxation resistance due to the nature of Majorana fermions, which are their own antiparticles and are composed of particle and hole excitations in the same abundance. Further, if only a single Majorana mode is involved, the zero-frequency relaxation resistance is completely suppressed due to a destructive interference. As a result, the Majorana mode opens an exotic dissipative channel on a superconductor which is typically regarded as dissipationless due to its finite superconducting gap.

Exotic spin, charge and pairing correlations of the two-dimensional doped Hubbard model: A symmetry-entangled mean-field approach

Intertwining of spin, charge and pairing correlations in the repulsive two-dimensional Hubbard model is shown through unrestricted variational calculations, with projected wavefunctions free of symmetry breaking. A crossover from incommensurate antiferromagnetism to stripe order naturally emerges in the hole-doped region when increasing the on-site coupling. Although effective pairing interactions are identified, they are strongly fragmented in several modes including d-wave pairing and more exotic channels related to an underlying stripe. We demonstrate that the entanglement of a mean-field wavefunction by symmetry restoration can largely account for interaction effects.

QCD with two light dynamical chirally improved quarks: Mesons

We present results for the spectrum of light and strange mesons on configurations with two flavors of mass-degenerate Chirally Improved sea quarks. The calculations are performed on seven ensembles of lattice size ${16}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}32$ at three different gauge couplings and with pion masses ranging from 250 to 600 MeV. To reliably extract excited states, we use the variational method with an interpolator basis containing both Gaussian and derivative quark sources. Both conventional and exotic channels up to spin 2 are considered. Strange quarks are treated within the partially quenched approximation. For kaons we investigate the mixing of interpolating fields corresponding to definite $C$-parity in the SU(3) limit. This enlarged basis allows for an improved determination of the low-lying kaon spectrum. In addition to masses we also extract the ratio of the pseudoscalar decay constants of the kaon and pion and obtain ${F}_{K}/{F}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=1.215(41)$. The results presented here include some ensembles from previous publications and the corresponding results supersede the previously published values.

Dynamical generation of pseudoscalar resonances

We study the interactions between the f_0(980) and a_0(980) scalar resonances and the lightest pseudoscalar mesons. We first obtain the elementary interaction amplitudes, or interacting kernels, without including any ad hoc free parameter. This is achieved by using previous results on the nature of the lightest scalar resonances as dynamically generated from the rescattering of S-wave two-meson pairs. Afterwards, the interaction kernels are unitarized and the final S-wave amplitudes result. We find that these interactions are very rich and generate a large amount of pseudoscalar resonances that could be associated with the K(1460), \pi(1300), \pi(1800), \eta(1475) and X(1835). We also consider the exotic channels with isospin 3/2 and 1, having the latter positive G-parity. The former could be also resonant in agreement with a previous prediction.

Exotic dynamically generated baryons with negative charm quantum number

Following a model based on the SU(8) symmetry that treats heavy pseudoscalars and heavy vector mesons on an equal footing, as required by heavy quark symmetry, we study the interaction of baryons and mesons in coupled channels within an unitary approach that generates dynamically poles in the scattering $T$-matrix. We concentrate in the exotic channels with negative charm quantum number for which there is the experimental claim of one state.

Search for exotics in γD↦φnp reactions near threshold⋆

We discuss coherent and incoherent o-meson photoproduction off the deuteron at low energy and small momentum transfer with the aim to check whether the recent experimental data need for their interpretation an inclusion of exotic channels. Our analysis of the differential cross-section and spin-density matrix elements shows that new data on the γD → oX reaction at E γ ∼ 2 GeV may be understood on the basis of conventional dynamics.

A new, very massive modular Liquid Argon Imaging Chamber to detect low energy off-axis neutrinos from the CNGS beam (Project MODULAr)

The paper is considering an opportunity for the CERN/GranSasso (CNGS) neutrino complex, concurrent time-wise with T2K and NOvA projects, with the aim of improving the sensitivity on ν μ ↔ ν e θ 13 mixing angle by nearly an order of magnitude with respect to T2K expectations. The experiment is based on a ≈20 kt fiducial volume LAr-TPC, following very closely the technology developed for the ICARUS-T600. The present preliminary proposal, called MODULAr, is focused on the following three main activities, for which we seek an extended international collaboration: (1) The neutrino beam from the CERN 400 GeV proton beam and an optimized horn focussing, eventually with an increased intensity in the framework of the LHC accelerator improvement programme. (2) A new experimental area LNGS-B, of at least 50,000 m 3 at 10 km off-axis from the main laboratory, eventually upgradable to larger sizes. A location is under consideration at about 1.2 km equivalent water depth. The bubble chamber like imaging and the very fine calorimetry of the LAr-TPC detector will ensure the best background recognition not only from the off-axis neutrinos from the CNGS but also for proton decay and cosmic neutrinos. (3) A new LAr Imaging detector, at least initially with about 20 kt fiducial mass, realised with a modular set of four identical, but independent units, each of about 5 kt, “cloning” the basic technology of the T600. Further phases may foresee extensions of MODULAr to a mass required by the future physics goals. Compared with large water Cherenkov (T2K) and fine grained scintillators (NOvA), the LAr-TPC offers a higher detection efficiency for a given mass and lower backgrounds, since virtually all channels may be unambiguously recognized. In addition to the search for θ 13 oscillations and CP violation, it would be possible to collect a large number of accurately identified cosmic ray neutrino events and perform search for proton decay in the exotic channels.

AdS/CFT for four-point amplitudes involving gravitino exchange

In this paper we compute the tree-level four-point scattering amplitude of two dilatini and two axion-dilaton fields in type IIB supergravity in AdS5 × S5. A special feature of this process is that there is an ``exotic'' channel in which there are no single-particle poles. Another novelty is that this process involves the exchange of a bulk gravitino. The amplitude is interpreted in terms of = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory at large 't Hooft coupling. Properties of the Operator Product Expansion are used to analyze the various contributions from single- and double-trace operators in the weak and strongly coupled regimes, and to determine the anomalous dimensions of semi-short operators. The analysis is particularly clear in the exotic channel, given the absence of BPS states.

Photoproduction of the ϕ meson off the deuteron near threshold

We discuss coherent and incoherent \ensuremath{\phi} meson photoproduction off the deuteron at low energy and small momentum transfer with the aim of checking whether the recent experimental data need for their interpretation an inclusion of exotic channels. Our analysis of the differential cross section and spin-density matrix elements shows that new data on the $\ensuremath{\gamma}D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}X$ reaction at ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}~2$ GeV may be understood on the basis of conventional dynamics. However, a certain ambiguity of the deviation between the model predictions and the data from the laser electron photon beamline at SPring-8 (LEPS) on the $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}p$ reaction still remains. To make a firm conclusion about a possible manifestation of exotic channels, one has to improve the resolution of the data by providing additional information on the channels with spin- and double-spin-flip transitions which are sensitive to the properties of the photoproduction amplitude in the $\ensuremath{\gamma}p$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}D$ reactions. This information may be used as an additional independent test of the \ensuremath{\phi} meson photoproduction mechanism.

Study of exotic hadrons inS-wave scatterings induced by chiral interaction in the flavor symmetric limit

We study $s$-wave bound states of a hadron and a light pseudoscalar meson induced by the Weinberg-Tomozawa (WT) interaction in the flavor SU(3) symmetric limit. The WT interaction is a driving force to generate quasibound states dynamically in the chiral unitary approaches. The strength and sign of the WT interaction are determined only by the group theoretical structure of the target hadrons, and we present a general expression of the strengths for the flavor SU(3) case. We show that, for the channels which are more exotic than the target, the interaction is repulsive in most cases, and the strength of the attractive interaction is universal for any possible target states. We demonstrate that the attractive coupling is not strong enough to generate an exotic state from the physically known masses of target hadrons. In addition, we also find a nontrivial ${N}_{c}$ dependence of the coupling strengths. We show that the channels which are attractive at ${N}_{c}=3$ change into repulsive ones for large ${N}_{c}$, and, therefore, no attractive interaction exists in exotic channels in the large-${N}_{c}$ limit.

Study of Exotic Hadrons ins-Wave Chiral Dynamics

We study the exotic hadrons in s-wave scattering of the Nambu-Goldstone boson with a target hadron based on chiral dynamics. Utilizing the low energy theorem of chiral symmetry, we show that the s-wave interaction is not strong enough to generate bound states in exotic channels in flavor SU(3) symmetric limit, although the interaction is responsible for generating some nonexotic hadron resonances dynamically. We discuss the renormalization condition adopted in this analysis.

Exotic Hadrons ins-Wave Chiral Dynamics

We study s-wave scattering of a hadron and a Nambu-Goldstone boson induced by the model-independent low energy interaction in the flavor SU(3) symmetric limit. Establishing the general structure of the interaction based on group theoretical arguments, we find that the interaction in the exotic channels are in most cases repulsive, and that for possible attractive channels the coupling strengths are weak and uniquely given independent of channel. Solving the scattering problem, we show that the attraction in the exotic channels is not strong enough to generate a bound state.