Existential Goals Research Articles

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Existential intelligence refers to an individual's ability to understand the meaning of life, explore existential goals, and build meaningful connections in everyday life. This research aims to examine the influence of role-playing activities on the development of existential intelligence in early childhood. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with participatory observation techniques and in-depth interviews with children involved in role-playing activities in early childhood education environments. Research shows that role-playing activities can significantly develop children's existential intelligence. This research shows an increased ability to interpret and deal with everyday life experiences through roles played. Children develop a deeper understanding of social relationships, values, and ways to overcome challenges in life. These findings show the importance of expanding the approach to early childhood education to include role-playing activities to facilitate the development of existential intelligence. The practical implication of this research is that educators and parents can consider integrating role-playing activities in the early childhood curriculum as a strategy to support children's holistic development and the role of parents and teachers in working together to increase children's existential intelligence.

Surviving after the Death of a Spouse: A Phenomenological Study of Young and Low-Income Mothers in Turkey.

The aim of this study is to examine psychosocial adjustment of low-income mothers who lost their spouses at a young age. The study was conducted using a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. The data was collected through focus group interviews. Thirteen women between the ages of 26 and 43 participated in the study. In this study, manifest content analysis was carried out with an inductive perspective. In this scope, five interrelated themes emerged as loss, initial reactions, difficulties, coping ways, and change. For the participants, the death of their spouse was perceived as the loss of a loved one, the loss of their children's father, a loss of security, and the loss of an abusive spouse. The initial reactions that emerged as a result were shock, helplessness, anxiety, and ambivalence. Participants faced social pressure, exclusion, parenting an orphaned child, insufficient basic life skills, and economic difficulties after their spouses' deaths. In order to cope with these difficulties, they sought social support, applied for social assistance funds, focused on their motherhood roles, used religious coping mechanisms, and set boundaries. It was determined that participants learned new skills, gained self-confidence, and developed helping behaviors toward others during the post-loss change process. Findings revealed that participants are unable to access adequate social, economic, and psychological resources in society. This circumstance caused them to withdraw from their social environment and reevaluate their existential goals. The new identity created by these women could be interpreted as a challenge to the culture that marginalizes them.

Язык как ключ к реальности: от философии имени к дискурсу

Language and consciousness are two transcendental categories that determine the processes of cognition, thinking, introspection, perception, and subject-object relations. At different stages of philosophy, they were interpreted depending on the dominant philosophical and ideological paradigm in relation to reality, the existential goals of the subject and society, and methodological approaches, e.g., phenomenological, hermeneutical, discursive, etc. This article systematizes the basic concepts of language in various historical epochs, i.e., from antiquity to the XXI century. The evolution of views on language is represented not from the standpoint of self-reference, but through the prism of socio-cultural and socio-historical changes in reality and its relation to the subject. The author traced the development of the philosophy of language and defined the reasons behind the evolution of approaches to language and consciousness. The article attempts to answer two questions: How do different paradigms of the philosophy of language and consciousness approach the matter of subject’s access to the real world? To what extent were paradigm shifts caused by the changing cultural, historical, and socio-political backgrounds? Since evolutionary epistemology identifies gnoseology as one of the main functions of language, the categories of thinking and understanding receive special attention. The growing complexity of the world order affects the relationship between language and consciousness, i.e., from singularity (philosophy of name) to continuality (discourse).

TIERRA PÁTRIA BY EDGAR MORIN AND ANNE-BRIGITTE KERN

In Tierra Patria by Edgar Morin and Anne-Brigitte Kern (1993), they reflect on the global responsibility of institutions, communities and governments to facilitate the means, strategies and resources that favour, from a global-planetary perspective, the inclusion of the diversity of knowledge, positions, interpretations and ecosophical ideas in the systems and structures of thought of today's society, For this reason, they address issues such as education, labour, science, philosophy, religion and cultural change, aspects which, when rearticulated in a complex way, can shed new light on the path to follow as humanity to guarantee the existential goal of survival and self-sustainability on Earth.

Россия: составные части культурного кода

The article presents the author's concept of Russia as a civilization, which has a unique cultural code. Attention focused on the essential parts of this code. We believe that the cultural code of Russian civilization consists of the following basic components: (1) In terms of energy, Russia, unlike Western civilization, used the energy of space, not time energy, which allowed extensive development over several centuries, transferring the basic cultural archetype to the vast newly developed spaces. (2) The second essential element of Russian self-standing was the ethnic component. Initially, Russia, Russians are a super-ethnos that synthesized different ethnicities and cultures, united by a single language and state, while preserving the customs and language of the peoples with whom the leading Slavic ethnos came into contact. Ethnically, Russians are Eurasians who genetically combine Western and Eastern peoples.(3) Finally, the third essential component of the cultural code of Russia is the so-called “numerical code” of culture. The numerical code of culture connected with the numerical interpretation of the Absolute, it determines the nature and speed of the movement of culture in relative or historical (in the words of N.A. Berdyaev) time. The specificity of Russia lies in the fact that three world religions have historically existed on its territory: Christianity (Orthodoxy), Islam, and Buddhism. In terms of cultural codes, Islam and Buddhism (if we consider Nirvana as the highest existential goal) are religions whose ontological code is equal to one, which at the cultural level corresponds to statics and traditionalism. Although the code of the Orthodox version of Christianity is “binary”, but the recognition of the first seven Ecumenical Councils, as it were, suspends the movement of historical time, which contributes to harmonization with two “single” religions, this ensures their relatively harmonious existence.

Understanding the Digital Companions of Our Future Generation

The main protagonist in Kazuo Ishiguro’s latest novel is Klara, an artificial friend whose existential goal is to be a child’s companion. Some aspects of this fictional narrative have begun to gradually enter our daily lives. Products reminiscent of Klara are available abundantly on the market: smart toys, adaptive learning applications, and companion robots. Children can relate to these products and perform activities together with them. Preliminary research has shown fundamental differences between existing technologies and these emerging children’s digital companions. However, we still do not know much about their benefits and risks. This paper explores different and even contradicting perspectives on the phenomenon. We present the discussion from four perspectives - 1) temporality, 2) use, 3) trust and ethics, and 4) sociotechnical design - and conclude the paper with an agenda for interdisciplinary IS research. The agenda points to the need for a psychological, medical, engineering, and temporal research community to understand this emerging sociotechnical phenomenon and design its future for the better.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION – SPRING 2022: DANGEROUS CHANGE OF MOOD

Changes in the current rhetoric of the European Commission (EC) have been revealed by reviewing the content of its press releases and measures taken to respond to the Russian special operation in Ukraine. The author of the article considers these changes dangerous, undermining the ideological foundations of European integration – openness and partnership, as well as standards and norms of the functioning of the Internal Market. An explanation of the current activity of the EC is offered: official Brussels uses the Ukrainian crisis to activate the economic conjuncture, as well as to increase the effectiveness or cover up the miscalculations of its policy in other areas such as green transition, strategic autonomy, global leadership. The EC's attempt to introduce criminal liability through European legislation for circumvention by European companies and countries of anti-Russian sanctions adopted at the EU level was tracked (the corresponding proposal was made on May 25). Two hypotheses have been formulated. First: the EC, whose existential goal is to expand its powers, de facto sees itself not only as a market regulator, but also as an EU power structure, increasingly coordinating the real European law enforcement agencies Europol, Eurojust and Frontex, which seems to be an equally dangerous trend for the future of European integration. Second: activation of the conjuncture and economic growth in the EU are impossible in conditions of a decrease in the resource and market base.

Specific running practices of certain regions of the East: the experience of philosophical analysis

The subject of this research is the sociocultural conditionality of specific running practices of certain regions of the ancient and modern East, which reflect the basic worldview attitudes of the authentic religious-philosophical traditions and social patterns that are characteristic to the Eastern type of civilizations. In light of the crisis of Coubertin's Olympism as a social movement and ideology, civilization of the East vividly demonstrates the importance of comprehensive spiritual development, which prompts the extraordinary physical achievements. The running experience of the Buddhist monks proves that namely in the sphere of higher ideal values is the elevating source of the need for physical perfection, and the existential goal of a human lies in continuous improvement of own capabilities, development of spiritual and bodily unity, “enlightenment”, and pursuit of harmony with the cosmos. The following conclusions were made: 1. Specific running practices of the ancient East are not competitive in nature, being just one of the means for achieving spiritual liberation. 2. Running in the ancient East was often considered as a type of dynamic meditation, which defines its uniqueness. 3. The unique training techniques of the Buddhist monks were the true methods for fulfilling the higher levels of spiritual and physical potential, which proves their universal humanistic value. 4. The social significance of specific running locomotion found its reflection in performing by bhikkhu of the secular function of heralds and religious-magic functions of personal confirmation of attainability of moksha and incantation of evil spirits. 5. The peculiarity of running in the East in the modern context is substantiated by its large-scale involvement, nonreligious motivation, capability to unite cultural principles of the Western and Eastern civilizations, serve as the means of consolidation of people, as well as express the national spirit and be form of women's emancipation.

CARTOGRAFIA DA ALEGRIA: ENCONTROS ENTRE PALHAÇARIA E PSICODRAMA

This writing proposes to share joyful encounters between the art of clowning and the sociopsychodramatic approach. The methodology adopted was cartography to accompany the process experienced in the Group of Studies and Practices in Psychology, Clowning, and Psychodrama (GEP). During the years 2017 and 2018, the GEP held monthly meetings for twelve months in which they studied and experienced the principles of these two approaches inspired by the performing arts. In the field diary reports produced with GEP, the morenian concept of spontaneity-creativity and the logic of joy present in the art of clowning stood out. Finally, the conclusion is that clowning and psychodrama are approaches that offer tools to achieve common existential goals.

Місце поняття «особистісне благополуччя» в системі категорій позитивної психології

The purpose of the article is to analyze modern concepts that are used to describe the optimal functioning of an individual. The most common concepts in positive psychology are: happiness, psychological well-being, flourishing. The plurality of terminology is associated with the existence of different approaches to determining the existential goal of human life: pleasure or benefit. Attempts to operationalize the components of well-being cause some difficulty. They are difficult to separate from predictors and psychological consequences of well-being. Attempts to overcome the methodological limitations of each of the approaches are concentrated in two directions. The structural-tiered approach focuses on identifying structural components, types of well-being, and finding ways to relate them to each other. The integral approach tries to find a new generalizing definition for all concepts of optimal human functioning. Personal well-being is a concept that unites all the signs of optimal conditions and human functioning. First, subjectivity is the individual experience of their own functioning in everyday life as a result of self-determination in the present and expectations for the future, which depend on the implicit concept of well-being. Second, the affective component is emotional and evaluative attitude to individual events and life in general. Third, a prerequisite is the positivity of such an assessment – the presence of certain positive experiences as a result of perception of an objective life situation, the balance of positive and negative emotions. Fourth, the presence of external and internal criteria: on the one hand, compliance with the system of values inherent in this culture, on the other, the assessment of daily efforts and living conditions. Fifth, self-determination is the ability of a person to determine the nature of the optimal interaction between him and the environment, to some extent to control it and be responsible for the consequences. Personal well-being is interpreted as an existential multi-concept that reflects the balance between the subject’s search for satisfaction in various spheres of life according to the implicit concept of well-being and the disclosure of personal potential and harmony between inner and outer world, based on significant emotional characteristics and positive personality traits. Key words: happiness, psychological well-being, flourishing, subjective well-being, personal well-being.

Challenges, experience and coping of health professionals in delivering healthcare in an urban slum in India during the first 40 days of COVID-19 crisis: a mixed method study

ObjectivesTo describe the initial dilemmas, mental stress, adaptive measures implemented and how the healthcare team collectively coped while providing healthcare services in a large slum in India, during the COVID-19...

Patients\u2019 decision to contribute to a biobank in the light of the patient-recruiter relationship\u2014a qualitative study of broad consent in a hospital setting

Findings from recent studies show that the relationship developed with the particular researcher asking for broad consent plays an important role in the participant’s willingness to give consent. Interviews and focus groups were conducted in order to present a description and analysis of meetings in which broad consent took place and to examine the role of recruiters in the patients’ decision-making and in building trust in the Lausanne University Hospital Institutional Biobank (BIL). Our findings suggest that patient broad consent to biobanking is strongly related to its setting. BIL recruiters’ were aware of their role as ambassadors of the BIL and their responsibility towards patients. Patient interviewees were sensitive to the quality of the information delivered, the timing of the consent request and the recruiters’ attitudes and behaviours, including the presence of the white coat. Participating in the BIL also seemed to reinforce the patient’s self-esteem and perceived efficacy, particularly since they are themselves ill and inactive when requested to participate. Recruiters and participants report that participation may be motivated by fundamental (existential) goals. Organisational factors also affected recruiters’ activity and the broad consent procedure raising several ethical issues. This qualitative study suggests that biobanking based on information-based models of decision-making might need to be re-evaluated in order to improve broad consent. Our findings have implications for the practice of broad consent and patient autonomy, as well as for the recruiters’ role and training.

Participation of units and troops of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland in crisis situations

Ensuring security is one of the fundamental existential goals of nations. It is among the most important needs of every human being. Without satisfying the need for security, we can hardly speak of the existence, survival, development and ordinary everyday functioning of society. A world full of possibilities and diversity can also be a cruel world, creating a sense of threat. The implementation of state tasks in the field of national security depends, among other things, on effective crisis management. The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, as the executive agent of the crisis management system, take an active part in counteracting and combating crisis situations. The purpose of this work is to characterize the crisis management system in Poland, present the legal bases and procedures for the use of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland in crisis situations and analyze the legitimacy and effectiveness of the use of military units and troops in this type of incidents.

Emerging Green Synergy in the Science/Religion Relationship: From Conflict to Potentially Planet-Saving Cooperation

Nature has inspired awe throughout history, stimulating scientific study often conflicting with theology. Conflict is manifest as promotion of creationism and its euphemisms in school curricula, and science denial, recently in the U.S. Government. Unification, however, is an emerging reality for the science/religion relationship, driven by convergent evolution of each toward saving our shared planet from ourselves. No longer can religion deny science, nor science overlook the power of religious institutions toward achieving our common existential goal. The science/religion relationship, often portrayed as static, has proved dynamic, with emerging green science and green religion cooperating toward creating potentially planet-saving synergies.

Meaning in Life and Psychological Well-Being in Spanish Emerging Adults

Experiencing meaning in life (MiL) and psychological well-being (PWB) is an important developmental task in emerging adulthood, perhaps more than in any other period in life due to its transitional character and to the nature of its features, in Western societies. This study analyzes the relationship between MiL and PWB, as well as the differences in PWB according to the level of MiL (lack of meaning, indefinite meaning, and presence of meaning), in a sample of 333 Spanish emerging adults (224 women, 109 men), age ranged from 17 to 26 years, M = 21.06, SD = 2.23. Both Spanish versions of the Purpose- In-Life Test and the Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being were used. The Spearman’s coefficient of correlation showed a positive, significant relationship between MiL and PWB (global and dimensions). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in PWB between lack of meaning, indefinite meaning, and presence of meaning groups, except in Autonomy, in which only the difference between the presence of meaning group and the indefinite meaning group was significant. MiL is associated to the cognitive, emotional, and motivational aspects that directly point to PWB: positive self-worth and self- acceptance, perception and experience of freedom, responsibility and self-determination, positive view of both life as a whole and future, purpose and commitment of significant existential goals, self-trascendence and opening up to the others, integrative but not resigned coping of the adversity, life satisfaction, and self-realization.

Application M. Veber’s ideas to understanding sex differences in professional background presentation

According to Max Veber”s ideas about economics consequences of social stratification the results of sex differences in professional background presentation of Ukrainian students have been studied. We compared students’ estimation their own socialpsychological characteristics in ability to perform successfully the work functions. Complex psychological diagnostic methods as control localization in perception their role in work achievements and defeats,qualities of integrated self-assessment, measuring social competence and saturation of life existential goals and values gave us some indicators of gender differences in professional background presentations. Female’s sample entails a reduction of their personal vocational aspirations by more strong psychological pressure of traditional stereotypes on their social functioning.

A declarative extension of horn clauses, and its significance for datalog and its applications

AbstractFS-rules provide a powerful monotonic extension for Horn clauses that supports monotonic aggregates in recursion by reasoning on the multiplicity of occurrences satisfying existential goals. The least fixpoint semantics, and its equivalent least model semantics, hold for logic programs with FS-rules; moreover, generalized notions of stratification and stable models are easily derived when negated goals are allowed. Finally, the generalization of techniques such as seminaive fixpoint and magic sets, make possible the efficient implementation of DatalogFS, i.e., Datalog with rules with Frequency Support (FS-rules) and stratified negation. A large number of applications that could not be supported efficiently, or could not be expressed at all in stratified Datalog can now be easily expressed and efficiently supported in DatalogFS and a powerful DatalogFS system is now being developed at UCLA.

Just for fun? The emotional regime of experiential consumption

Experiential consumption emphasizes emotional and hedonic qualities in the marketplace stressing the importance of experiences for ‘the good life’ and positioning consumption as a legitimate way to generate interesting and relevant experiences. The concept of emotional regimes (Reddy, 2001) is used to emphasize the dialectics between structural changes in the modern marketplace and the modern way of perceiving and practising hedonic behaviour. The article considers the main ideas that have furthered modern hedonism and the practices that have transformed the abstract longing for sensitivity into concrete experiential appetites. The development of a regime of experiences is outlined, consisting of a set of techniques to bring about sensual pleasure, a discourse to verbalize the methods of pleasure seeking, and an ideology that turns pleasure into a legitimate existential goal in life for the sake of self-actualization.

O social entre o céu e o inferno: a antropologia filosófica de Pierre Bourdieu

Diversos autores têm chamado a atenção para o fato de que quaisquer estudos sociocientíficos de modalidades específicas de ação e experiência humana em sociedade dependem de alguma espécie de "antropologia filosófica", isto é, de um conjunto de pressupostos gerais acerca "do que é ser um agente humano" (Taylor), sem os quais o próprio diagnóstico da variabilidade histórica e cultural das práticas de atores concretos tornar-se-ia impossível. Bourdieu mostrou-se sensível a esta tese e, sobretudo na fase mais tardia de sua carreira, dedicou-se a explicitar o modo como suas investigações histórico-sociológicas pressupunham e, ao mesmo tempo, contribuíam para a formulação de "uma ideia de 'homem'". O artigo retraça o percurso bourdieusiano em direção a essa antropologia filosófica, partindo de sua sociologia genética do poder simbólico, pensada aqui como uma forma de teoria crítica (latu sensu), para desembocar em um retrato da condição humana em que o reconhecimento ("capital simbólico") aparece como meta existencial fundamental pela qual os indivíduos buscam dar sentido às suas vidas e como fonte da infindável competição simbólica que mantém em movimento a vida social. A visão agonística do universo societário que alimenta seus estudos sociológicos retorna em sua antropologia filosófica sob a forma de uma síntese singular entre a ideia durkheimiana de que "a sociedade é Deus" e a tese sartriana de que "o inferno são os outros".

The Social as Heaven and Hell: Pierre Bourdieu's Philosophical Anthropology

Many authors have argued that all studies of socially specific modalities of human action and experience depend on some form of “philosophical anthropology”, i.e. on a set of general assumptions about what human beings are like, assumptions without which the very diagnoses of the cultural and historical variability of concrete agents' practices would become impossible. Bourdieu was sensitive to that argument and, especially in the later phase of his career, attempted to make explicit how his historical‐sociological investigations presupposed and, at the same time, contributed to the elaboration of an “idea of the human being”. The article reconstructs Bourdieu's philosophical anthropology, starting with his genetic sociology of symbolic power, conceived as a form of critical theory (latu sensu), and concluding with an account of the conditio humana in which recognition (“symbolic capital”) appears as both the fundamental existential goal through which human agents strive to confer meaning on their lives and the source of the endless symbolic competition that keeps society moving. The agonistic vision of the social universe that grounds his sociological studies returns in his philosophical anthropology under the guise of a singular synthesis between Durkheim's thesis that “Society is God” and Sartre's idea that “hell is other people”.