Existence Of Synergetic Effect Research Articles

Fuzzy if-then rules based modelling of synergy effects in oil production

The influence of magnetic and electric fields on the hydrodynamic characteristics of non-Newtonian oils is considered in the article. It has been shown experimentally that magnetic and electric fields affect the properties of such systems. Along with this, the existence of synergetic effects under the joint effect of magnetic and electric fields has been proved. A fuzzy if-the rules based model of the considered process was constructed to deal with related uncertainty and

Inhibition of the hydrogen evolution reaction on aluminium covered by ‘spontaneous’ oxide

The electrochemical behaviour of aluminium covered by a thin ‘spontaneous’ oxide film was studied as a function of temperature and electrolyte composition at pH 1.3 The rectification mechanism of the charge transfer reactions is discussed on the basis of E/I characteristics. Tafel plots for the hydrogen evolution reaction showed anomalous slopes between 2.3 × 3RT/F and 2.3 × 4RT/F, depending on temperature. The inhibiting effects of 1 and 2-naphthylamines on the corrosion kinetics of aluminium in acid media (HClO4 and NaCl + HCl) were determined using electrochemical methods. Consideration of the protonation of amines and the effects of the positively charged surface suggest that the observed excellent inhibition is due to the planar orientation (with π-electron bonds) of the adsorbed inhibitor molecules and the existence of synergetic effects. The degree of surface coverage was found to increase with temperature up to 40°C. At approximately 40°C the adsorbed molecules probably change their orientation becoming vertically adsorbed on the surface with strong lateral repulsion.