Existence Of Screening Research Articles

Determinan Partisipasi Lansia pada Program Posyandu Lansia di Kabupaten Banjarnegara

Background: Government seeks health services for the elderly by holding the Elderly Posyandu. Gelang urban village 3th hamlet is working area of Rakit 1 Health Center which has a decreased percentage of elderly visits, namely 25.75% in September and 16.5% in October. This is due to the physical condition of the elderly and the concern of the elderly when the disease is revealed. The purpose of this study was to determine the participation of elderly and factors supporting and inhibiting. Methods: research method uses a qualitative approach with purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with 7 peoples. To prove the validity of the data using triangulation techniques to 5 people. Results: form of elderly participation is social participation, existence of proposals, and the provision of voluntary cash. The percentage elderly visits showed only 10.62%. This is because of positive response from elderly, as gathering place, existence gymnastics activities, distance and friendly service. The inhibiting factors are physical condition, the busyness, fear, incomplete infrastructure, lack of family support, existence of screening, and forget about the schedule of activities. Conclusion: participation still low so efforts are needed community leaders to overcome the inhibiting factors to increase elderly visits. Keywords: Participation, Inhibiting, Supporting, Utilization of Posyandu

Preconception carrier screening for multiple disorders: evaluation of a screening offer in a Dutch founder population.

Technological developments have enabled carrier screening for multiple disorders. This study evaluated experiences with a preconception carrier screening offer for four recessive disorders in a Dutch founder population. Questionnaires were completed by 182 attendees pretesting and posttesting and by 137 non-attendees. Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven of the eight carrier couples. Attendees were mainly informed about the existence of screening by friends/colleagues (49%) and family members (44%). Familiarity with the genetic disorders was high. Knowledge after counseling increased (p < 0.001); however, still 9%, compared to 29% before counseling, wrongly mentioned an increased risk of having an affected child if both parents are carriers of different disorders. Most attendees (97%) recalled their test results correctly, but two couples reported being carrier of another disorder than reported. Overall, 63% felt worried while waiting for results but anxiety levels returned to normal afterwards. In all, 2/39 (5%) carriers felt less healthy. Screened individuals were very satisfied; they did not regret testing (97%) and would recommend testing to others (97%). The majority (94%) stated that couples should always have a pretest consultation, preferably by a genetic counselor rather than their general practitioner (83%). All carrier couples made reproductive decisions based on their results. Main reason for non-attendance was unawareness of the screening offer. With expanded carrier screening, adequately informing couples pretest and posttesting is of foremost importance. Close influencers (family/friends) can be used to raise awareness of a screening offer. Our findings provide lessons for the implementation of expanded carrier screening panels in other communities and other settings.

Questions About Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Knowledge, Practice, and Outcomes: A Review of Demographic and Health Surveys.

United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals and the World Health Organization's Global Monitoring Framework support a strong global commitment to reducing the high burden of cervical and breast cancers among low- and middle-income countries. Strategies include vaccination, screening, and early diagnosis. Population-based surveys, such as those conducted by the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program, can collect the information needed to guide cancer control efforts in a standardized comparable manner. We identified and evaluated the breadth of breast and cervical cancer screening information that was collected by the DHS from 1984 through 2015. Then, we determined if these surveys currently provide the specific and measurable data about both the quantity and quality of cancer screening needed to guide national efforts to reduce the overall effects of cervical and breast cancers. We searched the DHS website to identify surveys conducted between the start of the DHS Program in 1984 and November 2015 that included questions about breast and cervical cancer screening. The relevant questions were extracted from the questionnaire, translated into English, and grouped by themes. Of the 90 countries where DHS surveys have been implemented, cervical cancer screening questions were included in 22 countries (24.4%) and breast cancer screening questions in 18 countries (20.0%). The common themes identified were disease knowledge, screening knowledge, screening practice, and screening outcomes. Most countries with survey questionnaires available for review addressed at least one aspect of screening practice (88.9% of cervical and 87.5% of breast), although few countries queried knowledge and outcomes. Questions that assess varied aspects of breast and cervical cancer screening have been incorporated into relatively few DHS surveys. The themes identified could guide the design of a standard set of questions for use in future population-based surveys and enable evaluation beyond the existence of screening, which would include assessment of the quality and impact of cervical and breast cancer screening.

Survey on the Knowledge, Attitudes, Primary Prevention Practices and Screening of Skin Cancers in Albinos in Burkina Faso

The objective is to study the knowledge that albinos have on skin cancers, and their attitudes in terms of primary prevention and the screening practices for skin cancers in Burkina Faso. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive KAP study conducted from May 18th to July 7th 2015. It involved albinos aged at least 12 years. Their general knowledge, prevention attitudes and screening practices were considered. Results: All the responding albinos had already heard about skin cancers. Their main source of information was health workers (65.6%). They were showing at least two risk factors (99.2%) but only 68.3% affirmed having already undergone screening for skin cancer. Ignorance of the existence of screening was the main obstacle to it (16/26). The prevention means used was sun avoidance, the use of cream and protection clothing respectively in 84%, 41.5% and 51.2%. The skin lesions found were hyperpigmented macules (77.8%) then actinic keratosis (40.7%) and finally cheilitis (35.8%). We detected 4 cases of skin cancers confirmed by biopsy. Conclusion: Risk factors are frequent. Participation to screening is still insignificant. A lot is still to be done to extend the protection means. A good awareness-raising campaign and the accessibility to protection means remain for all, the best defense in the fight against skin cancers in albinos.

Helioseismology and screening of nuclear reactions in the Sun

We show that models for screening of nuclear reactions in the Sun can be tested by means of helioseismology. As well known, solar models using the weak screening factors are in agreement with data. We find that the solar model calculated with the anti-screening factors of Tsytovich is not consistent with helioseismology, both for the sound speed profile and for the depth of the convective envelope. Moreover, the difference between the no-screening and weak screening model is significant in comparison with helioseismic uncertainty. In other words, the existence of screening can be proved by means of helioseismology.

Classical Coulomb systems: Screening and correlations revisited

From the laws of macroscopic electrostatics of conductors (in particular, the existence of screening), taken as given, one can deduce universal properties for the thermal fluctuations in a classical Coulomb system at equilibrium. The universality is especially apparent in the long-range correlations of the electrical potentials and fields. The charge fluctuations are derived from the field fluctuations. This is a convenient way to study the surface charge fluctuations on a conductor with boundaries. Explicit results are given for simple geometries. The potentials and the fields have Gaussian fluctuations, except for a short-distance cutoff.

Viscous flows through screens normal to the uniform stream

Viscous flows through the screen normal to the uniform flow are numerically simulated and measuments of the mean velocity are made. Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a standardk-e model. The existence of screen is regarded as extra sources in the momentum equations. The amount of extra source is related to the resistance coeffcient and the refraction coefficient of the screen. Elliptic type of equations are solved for 2 dimensional flow, and the partially parabolic equations for 3 dimensional flows. Wakes behind 3 dimensional mesh-screens of various configurations have been measured in the cavitation tunnel. The present numerical method is verifed to reasonably simulate the viscous wake of the screen, for wihich the inviscid theory is quite limited. Considerable attenuations of the viscous shear layer in th wake of the screen are experimentally observed and numerically simulated. A detached separation-bubble from the two-dimensional screen is simulated as the resistance coeffcient is increased to a certain level.

Juvenile Unemployment, Relative Wages and Social Security in Great Britain

A feature of the British economy over the last decade which has given rise to increasing concern is the marked increase in the level of unemployment among younger members of the labour force relative to that among other age groups. In i 980, some 2 0 % of the unemployed were below the age of twenty years as compared with only I 2 % in I 970. Over this period the unemployment rate among workers aged less than twenty years rose from 3-6 to nearly 27 %; the latter figure excluding those participating in special short-term employment schemes. The probable causes of and possible cures for the growth injuvenile unemployment has been the subject of much debate from which a number of competing hypotheses emerge. Broadly speaking, these fall into two categories. First, there are those that attribute prime responsibility for the increase in juvenile unemployment to structural factors within the labour market. Among the factors identified is the system of minimum wages imposed by the wage councils which, it is claimed, has prevented the real earnings ofjuveniles from falling sufficiently in response to the general decline in the level of economic activity. As a result, the ratio ofjjuvenile to adult earnings has risen, leading to a disproportionately large reduction in the demand for juvenile labour (Miller, I98I). At the same time, it is argued that increased eligibility fcr state benefits among school leavers, coupled with less rigorous procedures for ensuring that benefit recipients actively seek work, have increased the level of voluntary unemployment among young persons (Miller and Wood, I982). The alternative view is that the growth in juvenile unemployment is nothing more than a reflection of a general decline in economic activity (Pond, I982). A number of arguments are advanced for why juvenile unemployment is more adversely affected by such a decline than that of adults. First, the existence of screening and hiring costs mean that reductions in the demand for labour are met initially by cuts in recruitment, with disproportionate effects on the employment of young persons. In addition, younger workers tend to have fewer firm-specific skills and hence lower fixed costs of employment which increases their probability of being made redundant. Institutional procedures such as 'last-in, first-out' redundancy procedures act to reinforce these factors. For those who subscribe to the latter view, the solution to the problem of juvenile unemployment lies in the expansion of the overall demand for goods and