Existence Of Pests Research Articles

PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK DAN PESTISIDA ORGANIK GUNA MENDUKUNG USAHA BUDIDAYA STROBERI PADA KELOMPOK TANI SIDA URIP DESA SERANG KEC. KARANGREJA PURBALINGGA

Strawberries have various benefits for human health so they are widely loved by the public. Serang Village, Karangreja District, Purbalingga. This village is located on the slopes of Mount Slamet with an altitude of about 650 - 1,600 m dp is one of the centers of strawberry cultivation in Central Java, but since 2016 it has experienced a decline in production due to poor quality seeds, high fertilizer prices, declining soil fertility and the existence of pests and plant diseases. The purpose of this research-based community service activity is to implement the results of the research to solve the problems that exist in the Sida Urip farmer group, provide training in making organic fertilizers and pesticides, assist in the practice of making organic fertilizers and pesticides, improve skills in maintaining strawberry plants, so that it can increase strawberry production The method used in this activity is Rural Appraisal Participation, which is the active involvement of all elements of the target audience, the stages of the activity include: Survey, socialization of activities, training, practice, demonstration plot making and evaluation. The results of the activity showed that there was an increase in the knowledge and skills of farmer groups in making compost and biological agents to support environmentally friendly strawberry cultivation. The eco-friendly strawberry demonstration plot produces 38.69 kg/bed of strawberries and conventional strawberry cultivation land produces 37.45 kg/bed. The assistance carried out by the service team also increased enthusiasm and cohesiveness among members of the Sida Urip farmer group.

Plant Leaf Disease Detection Using CNN

The existence of pests and diseases in plants and crops has a substantial impact on agricultural production within a country. Monitoring plants meticulously to detect and identify diseases is a common practice among farmers and experts. However, this approach is often laborious, costly, and not entirely reliable. To mitigate this issue, we propose a Disease Recognition Model based on leaf image classification. Our objective is to detect plant diseases using image processing techniques, specifically leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CNNs are a category of artificial neural networks tailored for handling pixel-based inputs, particularly adept at image recognition tasks. Abbreviation- CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), SVM (Support Vector Machine), KNN (K Nearest Neighbour), ANN (Artificial Neural Network), GPU (Graphics processing unit)

The existence of pests and its natural enemies on various embankment plants in the rice field ecosystem

The stability of the rice field ecosystem is not only determined by the diversity of community structures but also by the characteristics and interactions of the components. This study aims to determine the diversity of insect pests and its natural enemies in the rice. field ecosystem in Marannu village, Mattirobulu district, Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi Province, from July to October 2020. The types of embankment plants were treated, namely cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), corn (Zea mays), long beans (Vigna unguicula) and zinnia flowers (Zinnia elegans). Sampling using an insect net and a pitt-fall trap is then put into a plastic tick and identified. The results showed that there were three parasitoid species from the same order and ten predatory species from six different orders. The dominant parasitoid species was Trichogramma sp., While the largest predator was Lasius niger. In addition, 18 species of pests from six orders were found.

Computationally light deep learning framework to recognize cotton leaf diseases

Cotton is an important commodity because of its use in various industries across the globe. It is grown in many countries and is imported/exported as a cash crop due to its large utility. However, cotton yield is adversely affected by the existence of pests, viruses and pathogenic bacteria, etc. For the last one decade or so, several image processing/deep learning-based automatic plant leaf disease recognition methods have been developed but, unfortunately, they rarely address the cotton leaf diseases. The proposed work presents a simple yet efficient deep learning-based framework to recognize cotton leaf diseases. The proposed model is capable of achieving the near ideal accuracy with early convergence to save computational cost of training. Further, due to the unavailability of publicly available datasets for this crop, a dataset is also collected comprising of three diseases namely curl virus, bacterial blight and fusarium wilt in addition to the healthy leaf Images. These images were collected from the Internet and fields of Southern Punjab region in Pakistan where the cotton crop is grown on thousands of acres every year and is exported to the Europe and the US either as a raw material or in the form of knitted industrial/domestic products. Experimental results have shown that almost all variants of our proposed deep learning framework have shown remarkably good recognition accuracy and precision. However, proposed EfficientNet-B0 model achieves 99.95% accuracy in only 152 seconds with best generalization and fast inference.

THE SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF JACKFRUIT PEST AND DISEASES: A REVIEW

Jackfruit is identified as targeted produced for premium fruit and vegetable (EPP 7). Meanwhile in Johor, jackfruit is the third biggest fruit produced in 2016. Jackfruit contains a lot of benefits which certainly good for living things and have been used in various sector such as medicine, food, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant, antifungal effect, immunomodulatory effect and else. However, the existence of pests and diseases have threatened the productivity of jackfruit plant particularly in tropical countries including Malaysia. There are many factors that can affect the occurrence of pests and plant diseases of jackfruit such as shoot borers, bark borers, mealy bug and scale insects, blossoms and fruit rots and bacterial die-back. Several studies have been devoted to model the plant pests and diseases epidemiology, though the contexts that focus in tropical environment and jackfruit plant are limited. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss abiotic factors and spatial methods that have been used to define dispersal pattern and relationship between abiotic factors including major climatic variables with plant pests and diseases occurrence data, particularly in tropical climate. This paper could be used as a basis to understand the epidemiological models in combating pest and plant disease and to support towards the effective management of jackfruit pests and diseases in tropical countries, particularly Malaysia.

English

Among all constraints of beekeeping, natural bee enemies are known to cause great damage to the life and product of honeybees by causing disappearance and migration. A study was conducted in Bale from July, 2010 to June, 2012 in six districts with the objective of assessing the effect of natural bee enemies on the life of honeybees and their products. From each districts, 3 rural kebeles (RKs) and 10 beekeepers from each RKs were purposively selected and a total of 180 beekeeper participated. The selected beekeepers were interviewed using pre-tested structured questioners and single-visit-multiple formal survey method to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and descriptive analysis method. Majority (96.86%) of the respondents in the study area followed traditional production system but only few beekeepers started transitional (0.88) and modern (2.26) beekeeping production system. In the study area, honeybees’ enemies, agro-chemicals, lack of knowledge to manage bees and bee products, lack of bee colonies and bees poisoning from plants were identified as major beekeeping constraints. Respondents were asked to identify major honeybee pests and predators. Based on the result of this study, the existence of pests and predators were a major challenge to the honeybees and beekeepers in the study area. In all surveyed areas, the beekeepers reported the presence of Honey badger, spider, bee-eating birds, bee lice, beetles, wasps, Death Head hawks moth Mice and lizards in order of their decreasing importance. Traditionally, the beekeepers used their own control mechanisms of protecting these pests and predators like application of ash under the stand of the hive, hanging hives by rope on long trees, cleaning around the apiary site, using dog for large predators like honey badger, fencing their apiary site and mechanical like killing of the predators and pests, etc. About 72.6% of the respondents reported that honey production trend in the area decreased and 25.1 and 2.2% reported increasing and unchanged trend of production system, respectively. Despite the challenges of beekeeping, it is realized that there is potential of beekeeping in Bale, though the production system is traditional and there is an opportunity of improving the situation since there is plenty of beekeeping resources. Key words: Enemies, honeybee, pests and predators, Bale zone.

Assessment of honeybee enemies (pests and predators) in Bale zone, Southeastern Ethiopia

Among all constraints of beekeeping, natural bee enemies are known to cause great damage on the life and the product of honeybees through causing absconding and migration. A study was conducted in Bale from July, 2010- June, 2012 in six districts with the objective of assessing the effect of natural bee enemies on the life of honeybees and their products. From each district 3 Rural Kebeles (RK’s) and 10 beekeepers from each RK’s were purposively selected and a total of 180 beekeepers were participated. The selected beekeepers were interviewed using pre-tested structured questionnaires and single-visit-multiple formal survey method to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and descriptive analysis method. The majority (96.86%) of the respondents in the study area were followed traditional production system, but only few beekeepers were started transitional (0.88) and modern (2.26) beekeeping production system. In the study area honeybees’ enemies, agro-chemicals, lack of knowledge to manage bees and bee products, lack of bee colonies and bees poisoning from plants identified as major beekeeping constraints. Respondents were asked to identify major honeybee pests and predators. Based on the result of this study, the existence of pests and predators were a major challenge to the honeybees and beekeepers in the study area. In all surveyed area the beekeepers were reported that the presence of Honey badger, spider, bee-eating birds, bee lice, Beetles, wasps, Death Head hawks moth Mice and lizards in order of their decreasing importance. Traditionally, the beekeepers were used their own control mechanisms of protecting these pests and predators like application of ash under the stand of the hive, hanging hives by rope on long trees, cleaning around the apiary site, using dog for large predators like honey badger, fencing their apiary site and mechanical like killing of the predators and pests etc. About 72.6% of the respondents reported that honey production trend in the area were decreasing and 25.1% and 2.2 was said increasing and unchanged trend of production system respectively. Despite the challenges of beekeeping, it is realized that there is potential of beekeeping in Bale, though the production system is traditional and there is an opportunity of improving the situation since there are plenty of beekeeping resources.

KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA PADA TUMPANGSARI TANAMAN PANGAN SEBAGAI TANAMAN SELA DI PERTANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT BELUM MENGHASILKAN

Plant intercropping that interplanted with young palm oil plantation indicated that there was change on ecosystem balance which resulted diversity alteration of insect as bio indicator area. The objective of the research was to obtain information on diversity of insect related to its intercropping system interplanted with young palm oil plantation. The research was conducted from December 2015 to February 2016 at privately-owned oil palm plantation, Kualu district, Kampar regency, Riau province. Descriptive methods by range survey on corn monoculture, soybean monoculture, bera, between corn and soybean intercropping in young palm oil area were used as experimental methods. Insect sampling was conducted by using pitfall trap, sweeping net and hand collection at 16 research units. The result showed that there were ten different insect ordo consisted of 50 families in all intercropping system sampled in this study. Diversity index (H’) reached as high as 3.07 with the best average (E=0.07) that was observed in soybean monoculture. Corn - soybean intercropping posessed the highest point of insect dominance (0.34), which is mean that there was only one kind of insect dominated on the community. The utilization of soybean monoculture system interplanted in young palm oil plantation is best to be used as a reference of ecological indicator on environment utilization, due to the reason that the existence of pest is balanced by the predator.

Ketahanan Tumbuh Permudaan Ramin di Genepool Ramin di SPTN Wilayah I Kawasan Taman Nasional Sebangau Kalimantan Tengah

Ramin�s growth and development is very slowly and have many inhibited factore, there are seed specific character with hard coating, too difficult for vegetative propagation, and limited abundant because seedling is very depend to sustainable nature, so there are caused how ramin is rare now. Ramin propagation have done in Sebangau National Park in 2010 with 5 ha wide area of Genepoolin two areas, 3ha area inSungai Koran and 2 ha in Stasiun Riset Lapangan (SSI). In Genepool area development hasn�t have database for growth and development of ramin.This research aim are to monitoring and evaluation growth endurance and to know how about ramin to decreasing in Genepool area.
 The parameter of this research is growth endurance, high, diameter and laef growth of Ramin seedling, pest and diseases. Growth endurance percentase for 5 year of growth is 60,70%, average of high 1,42 m, average of diameter 1,69 cm, average of leaf growth 17,61 helai, existence of pest and diseases is insecta attack and human activity. Need a socialiszationabout Genepool existence for minimizing ramin damaged caused human activities.

Cluster-based data aggregation for pest identification in coffee plantations using wireless sensor networks

This paper proposes a Cluster-Based Data Aggregation (CBDA) method for identifying pests in Arabica Coffee plantation using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Acoustic signals that are generated with biting sound by the pests inside stem are captured by WSN. Information regarding existence of pests is aggregated at Cluster-Head (CH) and is conveyed to base station. CH is selected using five states of each node: i-band, o-band, cluster-head request, idle and cluster-head. CH performs data aggregation with residual energy, time stamp using Kolmogorov’s zero-one law to eliminate redundancy. Simulation analysis of CBDA is compared with fast local clustering, energy-efficient reliable data aggregation technique and energy-efficient data aggregation transfer in terms of aggregation ratio, message overhead, control overhead, packet delivery ratio, algorithmic complexity, delay, energy consumption, time-out period and clustering time. The CBDA simulation results outperform compared to the corresponding techniques.

The Importance of Ecological Studies to Pest Control in Malaysian Plantations

Abstract Ecology is the study of the relationships of communities of living organisms with their environments and each other, in particular the factors affecting their numbers. Pest control is, essentially, modification by man of these numbers in an agricultural environment, and it is argued that investigations of and a general awareness concerning ecological factors are essential prerequisites for proper effectiveness. Examples from Malaysian plantations are given of major outbreaks and great expense arising from failure to observe these principles and, on the other hand, of ecological studies forming the basis of successful and cheap control procedures. Plantations exhibit a high degree of biological stability, especially in the continually warm and humid climate of Malaysia, so that many pests are of only potential severity, breaking out spasmodically, but conditions are also ideal for the existence of pests for their rapid increase if this stability is upset. Malaysia is predominantly agricultural and...