Existence Of Parties Research Articles

Aceh Party Seen By Millennials In Bireuen Regency

The Aceh Party in Bireuen District, Aceh Province, has been successful in multiple elections, winning the mayoral election and occupying the majority seat for two terms. The party has played an active role in fostering democratic life and maintaining peace in the region, as well as influencing policy and promoting the development agenda. Despite a decline in the number of legislative seats in each election, the Aceh Party has managed to maintain its presence as a winner by acquiring parliamentary seats. However, it is important to note that the decline in legislative seats is not the sole factor that weakens the party's existence. There are various factors that contribute to the declining electability of the Aceh Party, and further analysis is required to understand the overall impact on the party's strength. This research aims to understand the views of the millennial generation on the Aceh Party, a local political party. Using a qualitative approach, the study explores how millennials perceive the party's existence in the present day. It is important to explore the knowledge and insights of millennials, as it provides an understanding of their role in shaping the nation and state. The research hopes to promote millennial awareness and involvement in building national identity and democratic wisdom in Bireuen Regency. The study will employ a qualitative and descriptive method, using techniques such as interviews and documentation to collect and analyze data. This data is crucial in examining the perspectives of the millennial generation on the Aceh Party in Bireuen Regency, Aceh Province, ensuring accurate and reliable findings. The study conducted on the perception of the millennial generation in Bireuen Regency towards the Aceh Party reveals contrasting views. While the party's existence is seen through a historical struggle lens and tends to be sectoral egoistic, the millennials view it more objectively, resulting in a decline in its political electability. The Aceh Party fails to engage and empower the millennials in promoting the party, thereby hindering its effectiveness. This disconnect is primarily due to the rapid growth of digital media and the information it disseminates. Consequently, the Aceh Party struggles to stay relevant in the current political landscape. As the millennial generation plays a significant role in Bireuen Regency, it is crucial to approach them in an adaptive manner, avoiding sectoral egos and exclusivity, and aligning with their evolving needs and preferences.

Onrechmatige Daad and Default on Supreme Court Decision Number: Number: 1120 K / Pdt/2022 Jo. Number: 342 / Pdt / 2021 / PT MDN 342 / Pdt / 2021 / PT MDN.

Procurement agreements have a very important function in the development of the country's economy, the amount of state money involved in this agreement is very large. Failure to fulfill this feat is often the basis for the injured party not to execute the agreement. The existence of parties who do not run the agreement often arise disputes because there are parties who feel disadvantaged as a result of this. The purpose of this research is to: 1). Describe the form of unlawful acts and defaults in the implementation of the procurement of goods and services in the decision of the Supreme Court Number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. Decision number: 342/Pdt/2021 / PT MDN, 2). Reviewing legal considerations by judges in Supreme Court decision number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. Decision number: 342/Pdt/2021 / PT MDN, 3). Reviewing the legal settlement of disputes over the procurement of goods and services that are not in accordance with the agreement on the Supreme Court decision number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. No.342 / Pdt / 2021 / PT MDN. This type of research is normative legal research the data source of this research is secondary data, which includes: primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The method of data collection using the study of literature and documents. Analysis of research data using normative analysis of research results obtained a conclusion that: 1). Form of tort and tort in the Procurement Agreement of goods and services with number: PJJ.04.04.01/05/07/2019/0104 about the procurement and installation of AC (Air Conditioner) at Garbarata Kualanamu Deli Serdang International Airport in the Supreme Court decision number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. No.342/Pdt/2021/PT MDN is the plaintiff/comparator/applicant for Cassation I / respondent to Cassation II (CV. Marendal Mas) is considered to have done what was promised, but it is too late and the defendant/compared/applicant Cassation II / respondent Cassation I (PT. Angkasa Pura II Kualanamu Airport Branch) did not immediately make payment for the work that the plaintiff/comparator plaintiff/comparator/Cassation applicant I/Cassation respondent did, as a result CV. Marendal Mas felt aggrieved because he could not pay the working capital of the bank and declared bad loans and collateral threatened with auction.

Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan terhadap Stock Price: Perusahaan yang Terindeks di JII70

The capital market can play two very crucial roles in the country's economy, namely the role of economy and finance. For these two roles, some parties act as investors and as issuers. Seeing the existence of parties as investors, of course, there will be hope to profit, where the size of the return obtained depends on the company's stock price. However, the company's stock price continues to change every period because of influencing factors such as return on assets (ROA), debt on equity ratio (DER), current ratio (CR), and so on. In previous studies, these factors have not provided consistent answers on whether they affect stock prices. Therefore, to find out the actual results, this research was conducted. The object used is a company indexed in JII70. The selection of this object is due to the lack of research using Sharia objects. JII is a type of index in which there are 70 types of Sharia stocks with high liquidity listed on the IDX, Panel regression analysis is the analysis method applied in this study, where the study results show that ROA can significantly positively influence the stock price. In contrast, DER and CR cannot substantially affect the stock price

Ideological and political evolution of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany in 1920-1922

In this article, the subject of research is the internal ideological and political evolution of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany in the last years of its existence (1920-1922) to change the orientation of the party. The main emphasis is not on the organizational incapacity of the party, as was customary in historiography, but on the process of ideological shifts. This approach made it possible to identify the ideological crisis in the USPD in the conditions of the instability of the political system of the Weimar Republic, which turned out to be one of the most significant factors in the disappearance of the party. For historians who look to the experience of the Weimar Republic, the labor movement has always faced a choice between communism and social democracy, while the independents have, at best, the fate of an ill-fated utopian attempt at a "third way" in the post-war labor movement in Germany. The attention of scholars involved in the history of the USPD was mainly focused on the initial period of the party's existence from 1917 to 1920, namely on the reasons for the party's separation from the SPD in 1917 and the split in 1920, when most of the independents went to the KPD. The period from 1920 to 1922 was given a place where the “survival” of the USPD to the merger with the SPD was considered in an overview form, and there are no separate works devoted to this period of time at all.

Implementation of Social Integration in Strengthening Nationalism

The strength that is able to create social integration is the existence of a mutual agreement in the form of community values, the existence of parties who have the power to instill these values and the need for functional interdependence between community groups so that any established mechanism will be obeyed together in order to achieve common goals. This study aims to identify the description of social integration of society, describe the attitude of nationalism in society, analyze the implementation of social integration in strengthening nationalism, analyze the factors that influence the implementation of social integration in strengthening nationalism. This study uses a meta-analytic approach based on qualitative approach data through in-depth interviews related to social integration in the Tanah Laut Regency area. The results of the research include the social integration of residents in the Tajau Pecah village, which can be seen from the existence of a closer interdependence relationship between the parts so as to create a harmonious atmosphere. A sense of nationalism with an attitude of responsibility, and a feeling of having shared aspirations to improve development in the village of Tajau Pecah. The implementation of social integration in strengthening nationalism in the village of Tajau Pecah, Tanah Laut district, through social interaction which includes inter-ethnic assimilation and communication has been seen in the people of Tajau Pecah village.

The Current State of the “Green” Parties: Russia, Europe, the World

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of the «green» parties in the world as a whole, as well as in Europe and the Russian Federation in particular. The history of the formation of the «green» parties is also revealed and their common features are analyzed. In addition, the difference between the European «green» parties and the Russian ones is considered there. An important part of the study is the analysis of the percentage of representatives of «green» parties in the legislative authorities in the countries. As a result of the research, the author comes to several conclusions: currently, «green» parties exist in almost half of the countries where the existence of parties is possible as such. In a quarter of these countries, representatives of these parties are in the government, and about 4% of them are in the ruling coalitions. Nevertheless, for half a century, this is quite a great achievement for parties that were once considered oppositional. Most of these parties are represented in the European parliaments, but they have a number of differences from the «green» parties of the Russian Federation, which is also noted in this article.

PENDIDIKAN DAN PERGERAKAN NASIONAL: BANYUWANGI AWAL ABAD XX

Modern education in Banyuwangi, which was established by the government, firstly appeared in 1819 in the form of the Europeesche Lagere School (ELS), approximately two years after the first school has founded in the Dutch East Indies. The existence of this school is inseparable from the interests and needs of the government to prepare skilled government employees. The existing schools were not well developed even though the need for modern schools increased. The enactment of the ethical policy provided an opportunity for non-government parties. Subsequently, schools established by Indo-European, Arab, and Chinese entrepreneurs, and national movement organization. This paper studies the dynamics of their roles in founding a modern school in Banyuwangi during the era of ethical policy. This study used historical methods to explain the education and policies that encouraged the nongovernment sector’s efforts at that time in actively establishing schools for their respective groups. The study found that ethical policy opened opportunities and strengthened the existence of parties outside the government to establish schools in Banyuwangi and develop modern education. The changes were in the strengthening of plantation companies that promoted the opening of new areas, the economic crisis, and the politics of segregation demanded the availability of schools for all groups.

ANALISIS PUTUSAN HAKIM PENGADILAN AGAMA YANG MENGABULKAN GUGATAN PEMBATALAN PERKAWINAN (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Agama Tanjung Karang Nomor: 0174/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Tnk)

The aim of this study is to determine the decision of the religious court judge who granted the marriage annulment lawsuit and the legal consequences of the religious court judge's decision which granted the marriage annulment lawsuit against the wife as the plaintiff. The research approach used is normative juridical law research or library research, with descriptive research type. The data analysis method used is qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the decision of the religious court judge who granted the marriage annulment suit was based on the existence of parties who could apply for the annulment of marriage, namely: a. Families in a straight line of descent from husband or wife; b. husband or wife; c. The authorized official only as long as the marriage has not been decided; d. Designated official. Article 22 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage states that the annulment of a marriage occurs because the parties do not meet the requirements to enter into a marriage. The reason for the annulment of the marriage is that the marriage was carried out under threats that violate the law and one of the parties falsifies his identity, for example falsifying age, status, and religion. The legal consequences of the decision of the religious court judge who granted the marriage annulment lawsuit against the wife as the plaintiff for the wife of the annulled marriage did not get the iddah subsistence right because since the cancellation decision was made from the court, the marriage was considered never to have occurred.

MEASURING THE EXISTENCE OF ACEH'S LOCAL PARTIES IN ACEH LEGISLATIVE ELECTION 2009-2019

This study aims to determine the existence of local political parties in Aceh in the 2009-2019 legislative elections. The presence of local political parties in Aceh is a the result of the peace conflict between the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and the Government Republic of Indonesia. The birth of a local political party in Aceh brought considerable influence large in the control of seats in the parliament in Aceh in its first participation in the 2009 legislative elections. However, his presence continues to experience According to him, the decline was in line with the number of votes in the next legislative election. This study aims to measure the existence of local political parties in Aceh in terms of 2009-2019 legislative elections. The research method uses the method qualitative descriptive with research focus on legislative elections at the provincial level Aceh in 2009-2019. The data collection techniques used are: interviews and documentation studies. The results showed that the existence of the party Aceh's local politics continues to decline as the number of votes and local political party seats in the 2014 and 2019 legislative elections when compared to the 2009 legislative elections. The decline in the existence of parties local politics in Aceh is measured from the concept of systemic degree, value identity, degree of autonomy and public knowledge

Moderasi Beragama Antara Umat Muslim dan Kristen di Desa Sigara-Gara Kecamatan Patumbak

With its diversity, the Indonesian nation is a society with a diverse range of cultures. Culture, religion, race, language, ethnicity, tradition, and other factors all contribute to diversity. Tensions and conflicts between religious groups are common in such a multi-religious community, and they have an impact on life's peace. In order to achieve the Indonesian nation's peace, religion must be moderated in its diversity. They promote mutual knowledge and awareness of religion in terms of appreciating diversity, pluralism, and a readiness to deal equitably with everyone in social situations. An attitude is required in the form of acknowledging the other party's existence, being tolerant, respecting differences of opinion, and not imposing one's will through violence. The government, community leaders, and religious educators must work together to socialize and promote religious moderation in the community in order to achieve harmony and peace, especially in Sigara-Gara Village, Patumbak District, North Sumatra. The method used is library research.

Democratic Action Party (AD) and democracy in Venezuela. A historical analysis eighty years after the founding of AD

Political parties are the political institutions par excellence and the existence of parties and effective party systems are the result of guarantees of fundamental rights of democracy. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the co-origin and interdependence between Democratic Action and democracy in Venezuela. The methodology used is historical-analytical since the inductive tracing of broad contexts and the sequential decomposition of the dense historical narrative allows us to infer the key events and their causal configurations with a greater explanatory weight. The article states that Democratic Action, its internal relations and with other actors, is a fundamental variable to understand the origin, rise, decline and breakdown of democracy in Venezuela. Keywords: Democracy; Acción Democrática; Venezuela; Historical-analytical; Rómulo Betancourt

CITRA SANTRI PESANTREN DALAM CUPLIKAN FILM THE SANTRI

The appearance of the trailer for The Santri movie has sparked various responses on the internet, this can be observed from the existence of parties who are pro and contra with the movie trailer. This difference can be seen from the way the audience responds to and interpret the contents of the movie trailer. This study can understand the image of the student at Islamic Boarding School in the movie trailer of The Santri which can be seen through the account NU Channel on YouTube. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach model with content analysis on movie trailers. The results of the study show that the image of the student at an Islamic Boarding School in the movie trailer of The Santri can be divided into two parts, namely: first, an explicit image such as students must have self-confidence, have high dreams, love religion and their nation, have a good faith, and be a loyal friend. Second, implicit images such as students who have a simple, tough, and brave image, accept differences, and are open-minded.

Legal Considerations Settlement Of Criminal Acquisition Of Land

One of the land conflicts that often occurs is the grabbing of land belonging to other people, whether intentional or unintentional, either by an individual or by a group of people. Land grabbing is a form of taking the rights of others against the law. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that cause land grabbing, to identify and explain the form of legal arrangements for the crime of land grabbing and to analyze judges' legal considerations on the settlement of land grabbing crimes. This study uses a normative juridical approach, which is a legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data as the basic material for research. The theory used to analyze law enforcement theory and dispute resolution theory. Based on the research, the conclusion is: The factors driving the crime of land grabbing are the lack of awareness of the importance of legal protection of land ownership or control rights among the community, the existence of parties with certain motives against land that are considered to have no legal protection. Crimes against land grabbing are also regulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP), which is regulated in several articles in the KUHP, including: Article 167 of the Criminal Code and Article 385 of the Criminal Code. In deciding a case, a judge must consider sociological, philosophical and juridical aspects.

The concept of human rights in the political and legal doctrine of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries of 1917-1921

The genesis of rights and freedoms in the history of Ukrainian state-building is closely linked to the activities of Ukrainian political parties and their leaders. Today, in the face of the global economic crisis and the coronavirus epidemic, the concept of human and citizen rights and freedoms is subject to skepticism and criticism. Reassessing the experiences of previous generations can help find ways to overcome a crisis. The concept of the human rights of the UPSR can be characterized as a collectivist, which, in accordance with the idea of prioritizing the interests of the dominant class of workers over the interests of the individual, significantly limited the political and economic rights and freedoms of a large part of the population. At the same time, the concept contained, at the time, quite advanced provisions on equal rights between men and women and national minorities, the provision of equal suffrage, the right to free education and the use of cultural and economic institutions, etc. The concept did not contain a clear division of human rights and citizens into their types. In particular, some economic, social and cultural rights were included in the list of political rights. A significant influence on the formation of the list of rights and freedoms and their content was made by the model of the future socialist Ukrainian state M. Hrushevsky, who was in fact the ideological inspirer of the leadership of the UPSR throughout the party's existence. The basic principles of the concept of human rights of the UPSR were reflected in the Constitution of the UNR in 1918. Keywords: Ukrainian Party of Revolutionary Socialists, Human Rights and Freedoms, M. Hrushevsky, Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), Constitution of the UNR in 1918.

Spillover Effect of Consumer Awareness on Third Parties' Selling Strategies and Retailers' Platform Openness

In this study, we explore why an online retailer would open its platform and why a third-party seller would join the platform when the third party carries products identical to those the retailer sells as well as products the retailer does not carry. When the third party joins the retailer's platform, more consumers become aware of the third party's existence, and thus might become aware of the products it does not list on the retailer's platform (e.g., by searching the seller brand online), which is called the spillover effect. We develop a game-theoretic model to first examine the spillover effect on the third-party seller's product offering on the retailer's platform under an exogenous commission rate and then examine the effect on the retailer's platform-openness decision. We find that the third party's optimal selling strategies vary with its initial awareness level, the extent of the spillover effect, and the commission rate. Furthermore, we characterize how the initial awareness level and the extent of the spillover effect together determine the retailer's openness decision and equilibrium selling partnership. When the spillover effect is mild, the retailer opens its platform and the third-party seller sells its exclusive product on the platform. When the spillover effect is salient, if the retailer has a large awareness advantage over the third party, the retailer has no incentive to open; otherwise, the retailer opens its platform and the third party sells the identical product on the platform. Finally, we find that, compared to the case without a spillover effect, the spillover effect makes the retailer less likely to open its platform, but it makes the third party more likely to sell identical products on an open retailer platform; the spillover effect always (weakly) benefits the third party, but it does not necessarily hurt the retailer.

The Political Party: Coalitions (Internal, External) as well as Transaction Costs

In today's politics, political parties are present in almost all countries, whether they adhere to a democratic regime or an authoritarian dispensation. One also finds party like groupings in anarchy societies. Why this omnipresence? After all, political parties evolved during the coming of mass politics, with a few notable historical examples as with e,g, Italian city states, Great Britain and Sweden in the 19th century. Now, they are universal political phenomena. How come? Reply. Transaction costs. To explain a social regularity adequately according to Max Weber's methodology (1922), one must pin down a macro generalisation and proceed to theorize the micro incentives behind the macro event. I will attempt this in relation to parties with data on the party systems in Western Europe after the Second World. Is the creation and existence of parties determined by society, as Lipset and Rokkan claimed in their approach, namely political sociology? Or are parties relatively autonomous in relation to social cleavages? Parties are basically coalitions themselves – internally – that enter external coalitions in Parliaments. What is the quid pro quo between parties and voters? The rise in volatility indicates that voters are much more autonomous in relation to parties than Lipset and Rokkan argued, in accordance with Touraine's thesis.

Party regulation and the conditioning of small political parties: evidence from Bulgaria

Since the fall of communism and the transition to democracy all East-European states have transitioned to multiparty democracies. However, the legal frameworks within which parties function differ substantially among countries. Some countries embrace diversity without posing obstacles to mobilisation on ethnic grounds, for example, while others prohibit the establishment and existence of parties of ethnic ideology. Here, we study how Bulgarian parties are regulated through the Party Law, the Electoral Law and the Constitution. In particular, we look at the requirements for setting up of political parties and the type, quantity and allocation mechanisms of public funding and trace the effect that these and other factors have had on the development of the current party system. Empirically, we examine the fate of small political parties. Our main conclusion is that the introduction of institutions such as an electoral deposit, considerably decrease the number of minor political parties.

Cuotas voluntarias y legales en España. La paridad a examen (Party and Legal Quotas in Spain. Examining Parity)

The article examines the factors that support a glass ceiling for women in politics, especially at the local level, and, by extension, in political life, focusing on the demand factors, in particular the predominant organizational culture within political parties. To do so we analyse the application of legal parity in the 2007 local elections, the first elections held after the introduction of a quota which grants a minimum of 40 per cent and a maximum of 60 per cent to either sex. Given the large amount of candidatures presented throughout the state, this research focuses on Catalan municipalities with more than 5,000 inhabitants where the quota was enforced. The existence of parties with internal quotas and parties that have not adopted them allows us to test whether legally imposed parity blurs differences between both groups in relation to women's representation. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.43 on Wed, 25 May 2016 05:59:02 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Positive Theories of Congressional Parties

In recent years, positive theories of congressional parties have been elaborated to encompass a variety of institutional features. The seasoning of the field is reflected in its contrasting theoretical accounts of the existence of parties and their effects, and the return to empirical evidence in a set of insightful studies of modem congressional decision making. This paper provides a critical review of this recent literature and suggests some unfinished tasks in the development of this field.

Political Parties and the Opportunity Costs of Patronage

Analyses of patronage and political parties often start from the assumption that patronage is a vote-winning and useful organizational strategy for a political party. This paper questions this assumption and suggests that, for the political party using it, patronage exacts a variety of costs. These undermine the party's existence as an organization with a collective purpose, and even its vote-winning capacities. Examples from a number of different countries and parties illustrate the argument.