Existence Of Mines Research Articles

Livelihood Transformation through the Existence of Mining and Tourism Industries: Case of North Halmahera District, North Maluku, Indonesia

Development has changed indigenous people's cultural structure and function, which is identical to a traditional lifestyle to the modern one, encouraging livelihood diversification or transformation. The development approach is vulnerable to socio-cultural, economic, and environmental changes, including in the mining and tourism sector. This article aims to describe the development process that has caused changes in the structure and function of indigenous culture and rural livelihoods in Northern Maluku, Indonesia. This study was done qualitatively using a case study approach to describe the livelihood strategies of indigenous people to cope with the existence of the mining and tourism industry’s activity in the North Halmahera Regency. The key informants involved in this research are traditional leaders, community leaders, and youth. Data collection is adjusted to the context of the research location, both around tourist destinations and mining areas. Data processing uses a triangulation approach. These findings indicate that the traditional community of Hibualamo had cultural structures and functions that mobilised access to social and natural capital. Furthermore, The challenges of globalisation cause a livelihood transformation and influence the capability of local communities to access financial capital, human capital, and physical capital.

Legal Aid Program for Mining Cases between PT Tambang Mas Sangihe and the Sangihe Community

The abundant gold content makes the Sangihe Islands Regency the prima donna of entrepreneurs who are contested to open additional land in the Regency. One of the mining companies interested in opening mining areas is a Canadian company, PT Tambang Mas Sangihe (TMS). The company is a Contract of Work holder with an area of ​​57% of the total area of ​​the Sangihe Islands Regency or about 42,000 hectares. The existence of mining not only brings economic benefits, but also has negative impacts that must be considered. The most affected parties are the community, especially local residents. Damage to the environment, natural disasters, social and other problems become the shadow of people's lives. Utilization of natural resources needs to be carried out in a balanced manner so that it does not only achieve economic needs but also does not sacrifice nature and the social community, especially the local residents of the Sangihe Islands Regency.

DONETSK MINING AND METALLURGICAL CENTER AND PRODUCTION HUBS OF THE EASTERN EUROPEAN STEPPE OF THE BRONZE AGE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES

Large-scale works have been carried out at the beginning of this century on the background of the set of Bronze Age monuments in the zone of Kartamysh copper ore occurrence in the Bakhmut basin of Donbass. Taking into account some previously researched monuments of mining and metallurgical activities within other ore occurrences of the Donetsk ridge, those works enable to compare the monuments of the Donetsk Mining and Metallurgical Center (DMMC) with other specialized monuments of Srubnaya cultural community in the copper ore territories of the Eastern European steppe.
 The monuments of Kartamysh archaeological microdistrict, as well as the other monuments of the Donetsk mining and metallurgical center, located in the zone of copper ore occurrences in the Bakhmut basin of Donbass, give evidences of all the cycles of ancient metal production. The majority of them are the evidence of the mining and ore-dressing cycle. Thus, the considerable volumes of mined and dressed ore, found in Kartamysh, as well as in other ore occurrences of the Bakhmut basin, currently suggest that the monuments in the ore territory of Donbass mainly operate within mining system. Similar specialization is observed in other mining and metallurgical areas in Eastern Europe, such as Mikhailo-Ovsyanka (Povolzhye) and Kargaly (South Ural). A feature of the DMMC is far lesser intensity of metallurgy and metalworking in its cultural frames. Limited range of DMMC monuments indicate that the production of metal products was focused only on domestic consumption.
 Fracturing of the Donbass bedrock, in contrast to the monolithic bedrock of Povolzhye, and especially to the Southern Urals, facilitated the effective use of stone tools in the process of mining. In the MMC, operating within the eastern production zone of the Srubnaya cultural community (Mikhailo-Ovsyanka, Kargaly), miners and metallurgists had to develop metallurgy more actively, since the features of geology in these regions required the use of metal tools to extract copper ores. Obviously, this circumstance explains a large number of end fragments of metal pickaxes found at Kargaly, as well as casting molds for casting these tools.
 The functioning of the full-scale cycle of ancient metal production and even visually recorded scale of ancient mining activity in the zone of copper ore occurrences of the Bakhmut basin gives reasons to assert the existence of mining and metallurgical center focused on large-scale production in the Donetsk Ridge in the Bronze Age. The main products of the DMMC were not metal items or even ingots, as it had been considered previously, but enriched copper ore (concentrate) as raw material for metallurgical production.
 Enriched ore was the commodity to be exchanged by the miners and metallurgists of the Donetsk center. It could be possibly done via professional traders with neighboring and distant tribes, and was exchanged for livestock and agriculture products, as well as for various household items.
 The analysis, carried out in the paper, proves that other mining and metallurgical complexes of the Eastern European steppe (Kargaly, Mikhailo-Ovsyanka), which had been previously explored, also operated at the same time and in similar to the DMMC production system.

Analysis of the Impact of the Presence of PT. Martabe Gold Mine Batangtoru on the Level of Welfare of the Community Batangtoru South Tapanuli Regency

This research was conducted to determine the impact of the existence of PT. Martabe Batang Toru Gold Mine on the level of community welfare in Batang Toru District, South Tapanuli Regency, by comparing the situation before and after the existence of the mine in the 2011-2021 period. The population in this study is the community of Batang Toru District which consists of 11 villages, with a population of 17,379 people. The sample in this study amounted to 100 people who were determined using the Slovin formula with a 90% confidence level. The types of data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The analysis in this study uses the mean difference test and partial t test using SPSS 23. The results in this study indicate that the existence of mining has a positive impact on the welfare of the people of Batang Toru District. Keywords: PT. Martabe Batangtoru Gold Mine, Average Difference Test, t Test, Community Welfare.

Using data-driven analysis of geochemical environmental information to infer the environmental impact of closed mines

River sediments have the effect of aggregating geochemical environmental information, such as that related to geological and artificial pollution resulting from mine closure. This information comprises high-dimensional data and is related to the distribution and quantities of elements in river sediments. However, accessing and interpreting this geochemical information can be difficult. This study employed a data-driven analysis that can be mathematically and statistically reduced in dimension. Using high-dimensional geochemical and environmental information on river sediments, this study evaluated the environmental impact of closed mines. Sample for analysis were collected from three rivers. There are differences in the existence of mines and mine wastewater treatment methods in this river. A total of 33 elements were measured in river sediments. Frequency distribution analysis and Principal component analysis revealed that the elements had unique distribution and frequency characteristics in each river catchment. Four environmental factors could be extracted from the relationship of elements due to lower dimension. PC1 was influenced by the land use in the river area. PC2 captured the geological background. PC3 captured the mixing-diluting effect that occurs in rivers. PC4 effectively captured the effects of domestic wastewater and the effects of closed mines. The effects of the closed mines could be confirmed using the PC4 score for the Okawa River and the Akagawa River. By examining the elemental relationships obtained using these mathematical methods, it is possible to infer the effect of geological features and mines on sediment physiochemistry using existing data on river sediments.

Implementasi Pasal 65 Ayat 1 Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 terhadap Masyarakat yang Terkena Dampak Pengusahaan Pertambangan Pasir

This study aims to find out how the implementation of article 65 paragraph 1 of Law No.32 of 2009 and the legal protection of people affected by sand removal in Lumajang Regency. Based on the law adjusted to the experience that occurs in the community to better know and understand the law as a set of rules or positive norms that apply. That the Lumajang District community has a legal protection. But unfortunately, this regulation is not used as a reference for the government in managing the resources contained in Lumajang regency in the form of sand mining assets. In general, the existence of mining will result in losses both in the environment and for the people who live around the mining area. In this case the rights of the Lumajang district community have been violated, such as the right to a healthy life, the right to safety and comfort, and the right to prosperity.DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/mlj.v1i1.4290.

Implementation of environmental management policies on the impact of illegal sand mining

Environmental issues have not become a serious concern of the South Buton District Government as evidenced by sand mining managed by the people illegally mushrooming almost all of South Buton Regency and there has been no control, prevention or prosecution from the Office related to the issue. Although this mining affair has become the authority of the provincial government, based on Law Number 23 the Year 2014 concerning Regional Government but the adverse impact of the consequences of sand mining in the local area that feels environmental damage. The related office is just giving an appeal about the ban on sand mining. But that is how there is no other way for people’s livelihoods to live. Mining activities include a series of activities in the effort to search, mine, excavate, process, utilize, and sell minerals. The existence of mining C in South Buton District is considered as a manifestation of the community’s efforts to maintain its life through efforts to increase revenue. Miners and people living around it are two components that influence each other. This is the background of the author to examine how government policies in overcoming the impact of mining C (sand) excavation in South Buton Regency. This study aims to determine how the policy of the South Buton District Government in overcoming the impact of excavated sand mining C in South Buton Regency. This type of research is empirical juridical research. Research location in South Buton Regency. Respondents in this study were the Office of the Environment of South Buton Regency and the head of the family affected around the sand mine. Primary and secondary data are collected through interviews with respondents using observation and documentation, which will then be analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study are known that the Local Government through the Department of Environment is only limited to providing warnings on negative environmental impacts that occur, among others, the occurrence of deep basins due to mining of lands prone to landslides, the potential for flooding in the lower regions, loss of soil organic matter, loss of soil layers, changes in soil structure, air pollution in the form of dust, and damage to village roads. The positive socio-economic impacts that occur include increased income, increased welfare, and reduced unemployment.

DAERAH BAHAYA BANJIR DI SUB DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI SEPAUK DAN TEMPUNAK, KABUPATEN SINTANG, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT

Flood-prone areas mapping is often constrained by limited data availability at the site level. A q uick assessment of sub watershed degradation method can be used to identify the degradation level of a sub watershed includes the flood hazard areas. This method is very easy to be applied at a site level using Geographic Information System (GIS), although it has minimum data. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of flood hazard in Sepauk and Tempunak Sub Watershed s , Sintang Regency , West Kalimantan Province. The required data were DEM/ SRTM (Digital Elevation Model/ Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), daily rainfall, and land cover. Quick assessment of sub watershed degradation method was applied to classify the flood-prone level of the study areas. The results showed that most of the study areas were categorized as high level of flood hazard (78% for Sepauk and 56% for Tempunak). The land cover s of those areas were dominated by mixed dryland agriculture, bare land, and settlements. In addition, high level of flood hazard areas in Sepauk S ub W atershed w as also affected by the existence of mining and dryland agriculture areas. Since the land cover change is a dynamic process, the flood hazard areas mapping should also be adjusted continuously to minimize the flood impact.

Eksternalitas Pertambangan Emas Rakyat di Kabupaten Buru Maluku

Gold mining carried out in the Buru Regency, “Gunung Botak”, has been held since 2012. The mining regulations are governed by local governments. The aims of this research were: 1) to identify and estimate the cost of gold mining transactions, 2) to identify and estimate WTP WTP transaction costs and improve the quality of the environment, and 3) to know the public perception about the existence of the mine. 4) to identify the value of externalities of gold mining activities.of illegal gold mining activities The methods analysis used was statistical analysis approach, the analysis of changes in the analysis of willingness to pay (WTP) with CVM models, multiple regression analysis of linear logistic and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were: 1) The entry fee to the mining was set by the local government in Kayeli plains known by the King (the head of Kayeli village). The entry fee for the male miners was Rp.750.000/ person per-three months, whereas it was Rp.500.000/ person per three months for women miners. 2) The desire to pay for the improvement of environmental quality was RP.430.000/ person/ month. 3) The public perception of the existence of gold mining was that 20 respondents chose the mining to close and 24 respondents chose the mining to open, 4) the value of exstenalities taken from gold mining activities was IDR.131.803.251.922.

As controvertidas minas de São Paulo (1550-1650)

Célebres descobridores de minas de ouro nas Minas Gerais e nas de Goiás - entre fins do século XVII e o século XVIII -, os moradores da Capitania de São Vicente, especialmente os da vila de São Paulo, tiveram ações nebulosas quanto às supostas riquezas minerais de seu próprio solo. A existência de minas na capitania nos séculos XVI e XVII sempre foi um assunto controvertido, tanto em seu tempo, quanto para a historiografia. Superestimadas por alguns ou menosprezadas por outros, as verdadeiras dimensões dessa riqueza se perderam no emaranhado de interesses que a envolvia. Aqui, pretendemos apresentar alguns indícios desta riqueza mineral, bem como parte dos interesses ambíguos em relação às minas de São Paulo nesse tempo, em especial quando da presença na vila do governador geral do Brasil, D. Francisco de Souza.