Existence Of Government Research Articles

Government Involvement in Industrial Relation to Attain Employee Work Engagement in East Malaysia

The existence of government in a country is for the betterment of the society. Therefore, the government is also responsible for industrial relations affairs in a country. Thus, this paper attempt to verify and validate the extend of government’s effectiveness in playing its roles in the country’s industrial relations to attain employee work engagement. An organization with employees who are engaged in their work aid the organization to increase productivity and boosts profitability. A study was conducted among registered managerial officials and trade union officials of unionized private sector organizations in East Malaysia. 104 managerial officials and trade union officials responded to an online survey. The study revealed that the government through its involvement as legislator, administrator, and intermediary had helped in shaping not just a harmonious but a quality industrial relations and contribute to employee work engagement attainment. It suggested that future research to include government involvement in assessing industrial relations quality.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate

At present there are still many companies in Indonesia that carry out tax evasion and tax avoidance activities due to the large number of companies whose business activities are across countries. Companies that practice tax avoidance can cause managers to think about using the best profitable opportunities that aim to maximize tax avoidance in order to get the maximum profit as expected. Tax avoidance actions can result in state revenue being less than it should be. But on the other hand, tax avoidance does not violate the law and is permissible. The existence of governance in a company can influence the determination of policies for making corporate income tax payments. This study aims to analyze the influence of independent commissioners, institutional ownership and audit quality on tax avoidance. The population in this study are all property and real estate sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period. The technique in this study was carried out using a purposive sampling method and there were 13 companies that met certain criteria. The data used are annual reports from property and real estate sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and processed using the SPSS version 26 program. The results of this study indicate that independent commissioners, institutional ownership and audit quality partially or simultaneously have no influence on tax avoidance.

Local Government Policy Model in Utilization of Rice Harvested by the Merauke Community

The harvest of farmers has not been absorbed optimally, Merauke rice is hampered in marketing, the government has the responsibility to pay attention to the needs of the community, especially farmers in the utilization of the rice harvest which is very abundant. local government policy making in the utilization of rice yields in Merauke district. This research is a normative and socio-legal legal research. This research was conducted at the Regional Secretariat of the Legal Division of Merauke Regency. The location of this research was chosen based on the approach of authority and the level of involvement of the agency. Primary data, and secondary data. The data collection used was literature study, observation and interviews. The analysis technique uses qualitative-descriptive data analysis. Characteristics and concepts of the policy model in the utilization of rice yields, is the existence of government and/or private policies to expand agricultural land. There is communication between government officials or private business entities with the utilization of the rice harvest. There are economic benefits for farmers. The land is dominated by land that is still forested and has not become agricultural land. It needs the support of human resources, water resources, infrastructure and financing. Influencing and livelihood conditions and the economy of local landowners and territories. Policy model in the utilization of rice yields” in this study with the main and supporting theories after being elaborated from the literature study and abstracted from the themes in the field, namely by looking at the existence of government and/or private policies to expand agricultural land. There is communication between government officials or private business entities with the utilization of the rice harvest. There are economic benefits for farmers. The land is dominated by land that is still forested and has not become agricultural land

A pandemia da Covid-19, a disputa política e as eleições 2020 na Região Metropolitana de Natal (RN, Brasil)

O artigo analisa a influência das eleições 2020 nas ações dos gestores dos municípios que compõem a região metropolitana funcional de Natal, no contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Diante disso, o objetivo consiste em verificar como as medidas de enfrentamento da Covid-19 podem ser utilizadas como estratégia eleitoral. Para tanto, adotamos a seguinte metodologia: 1) pesquisa bibliográfica, a qual ajudou a definir como base teórico-metodológica os estudos de Almeida (2008) e Manin, Przeworski & Stokes (2006); e 2) pesquisa documental a partir dos decretos estaduais e municipais, os quais foram cruzados com dados quantitativos referentes às taxas de transmissibilidade e de ocupação de leitos de UTI. Os dados foram sistematizados para análise temporal e espacial, representados em infográficos e mapas temáticos. Os resultados da pesquisa ressaltaram os seguintes aspectos: a influência das pesquisas de opinião na mudança de postura no enfrentamento da covid-19; dissonâncias das ações visando o protagonismo político; a antecipação da liberação das atividades comerciais como centro de disputa – essencialmente do governo do estado e do candidato à prefeitura da capital; o apelo aos kits covid, sem recomendações científicas; e o fortalecimento da vantagens dos gestores em disputa pela reeleição. Dessa forma, o contexto político vem dificultando uma postura de cooperação entre os entes na região metropolitana estudada, dado o uso da pandemia como uma janela de oportunidade para uma promoção eleitoral. Portanto, a existência de uma governança capaz de possibilitar o planejamento está impossibilitada, em virtude dos distintos interesses que pautam as ações dos gestores.

Factors Influencing Information Disclosure by Malaysian State Islamic Religious Councils: Evidence from Interviews

This paper aims to identify factors that influence the expectations of a wide range of stakeholders on the information disclosure in the Malaysian State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRC) annual reports, employing semi-structured interviews. The majority of interviewees perceived accounting standards as the main factor contributing to their expectations and further influenced the reporting practices among accountants in SIRC. Others are state fatwa (Islamic rulings), audit expectations, and individual perceptions. The result of the interviews revealed that on the top of accounting standards and government guidelines on the reporting for all government agencies, SIRC should take into account their greater accountability, which should be reflected in their reporting practices. Therefore, Islamic accountability through fatwa, audit expectations, and public demands could be considered. Such awareness is important in SIRC, to differentiate them from other government agencies. The existence of governance is similar to the board of members in a company, in SIRC through the fatwa committee. Therefore, this study suggests that the extent and quality of disclosure depends on the demand from the regulators, auditors, and funders. The findings suggest that SIRC should have an incentive to provide more information to satisfy various stakeholders’ needs. Future studies can be carried out to suggest a set of disclosure items that should be disclosed in the SIRC annual reports in order to increase the level of disclosure, discharging their accountability.

The Effect of Providing Government-Borne Import Duties Facility on the Growth and Competitiveness of Indonesia

This research has its aim to study the effect of providing Government-Borne Import Duty facility on the growth and competitiveness of Indonesia's manufacturing industry. The growth of the manufacturing industry is identified with the growth of production, employment, and contribution to state income through taxes. The background of this research is the existence of government's need to find the effect of the provision of exemption from import duties that have been running since 2008 on the ability of companies to produce goods in order to meet consumer needs, competitiveness, employment, and their contribution to state income. The survey was conducted on 110 companies that use this facility in Indonesia. The research applied the statistical method of sign and percentage test with the unit of analysis at the company and target sector, and groups of companies that receive GBID facility with different frequencies. The results show that the provision of the facility significantly increase the growth and competitiveness of Indonesia's manufacturing industry, especially in production growth, the competitiveness of production costs, sales growth, profits, and company productivity. This facility has different effects on companies under different target sectors. More companies under the guidance of Directorate General of MMTEI experinence innovation raising, time-to-market competitiveness, and machine modernization after being given this facility, while more companies under the guidance of Directorate General of CTMI experience production growth, competitiveness raising in production costs, quality, delivery time, sales growth, productivity, human capital, absorption of production labor, and tax payments. The reason related to this case is the existence of difference in production, product standardization, product cycle times, and technological intensity. The results also show that the difference in frequency of facilitation given only affect in rising the competitiveness of the company's products’ price. Related to the nature of production, GBID facility is more suitable to be given to companies that have production plans rather than companies that only do the task based on project or job orders. It is because the companies that have production plan could do the job with more optimal results than those who don’t.

OBSERVACIONES (NUEVAS Y VIEJAS) SOBRE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS EN EL MUNDO ATLÁNTICO: LAS AMENAZAS Y DESAFÍOS ACTUALES Y FUTUROS EN PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA

Confrontaciones con amenazas y desafíos a la existencia de gobiernos y sociedades han marcado el flujo de tiempo durante toda la historia. Las amenazas del presente y futuro, asociados, como es el caso en muchos lugares, con desafíos históricos y tradicionales, son tan complejas que exigen nuevas formas de relaciones entre la autoridad civil y el liderazgo de las instituciones profesionales encargadas con la defensa y seguridad. Estas nuevas relaciones tendrán que basarse en una comprensión de los procesos de democratización y globalización tanto como en la naturaleza compleja de los conflictos que afectan la seguridad, soberanía y estabilidad de los estados-nación del siglo veintiuno. Tan formidables como ellas aparecen, estas amenazas y desafíos pueden considerarse nuevas reiteraciones de otras situaciones que marcan nuestras historias. En el Mundo Atlántico, en ninguna parte más que América Latina, la literatura de la profesión militar ha mostrado siempre un reconocimiento de que las lecciones del pasado aplicadas a los problemas del presente ayudan en la preparación para el futuro. Una razón principal para esto es que mucha de dicha literatura en sí es el producto de colaboraciones civiles-militares.

Sumber-sumber Pendapatan dan Pengeluaran Negara Islam

One of the most urgent instrument is the existence of government as manager of the State. Through the national budget of a state, it taps revenues and expenditures will be managed in a planned manner with the aim at prosperity of all people. For example, increasing the rate of economic growth (pro-growth), expanding new jobs (pro-job), and improve protection programs for the poor (pro-poor). In the classical discourse, Islamic government that had been present in the scene of history, has also pointed out the state opinion forms. This article briefly describes the ratio of budget revenues and expenditures between Islam and the Indonesian government system. DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v5i2.2567

Indonesia

This paper aims to describe how a weak state can become a threat to the security of other countries, using Colombia as a case study. Colombia showed a weak state characteristic as seen from the lack of control and the existence of government, military capabilities are limited, dysfunctional judicial system and weak law enforcement, as well as a weak tax collection system. The condition was successfully exploited by drug trafficking organizations to operate as well as deploy a security threat not only for the internal region of Colombia, but also for other nations. The existence of Colombia as a weak state and successfully exploited by drug trafficking organizations causing security threats such as terrorism, weapons proliferation and environmental degradation.

Distortions in the Nigerian Economy and the Roadmap to Vision 2020: Lessons from Past Development Strategies

It is generally agreed that the existence of government in an economy is to promote societal welfare. In order to properly organize and manage the use of resources to achieve desired goals and objectives, governments normally initiate economic frameworks, blueprints, roadmaps or plans which guide and coordinate economic activities within the economy. Thus, between 1960 to date, Nigeria has initiated several plans, frameworks, policies and strategies which, though well intended, have not significantly met the aspirations of her citizens. Presently, the desire of the country is to be among the top 20 economies in the world by the year 2020. The major concern of this paper is that since the present distortions in the Nigerian economy which the Vision 20:2020 seeks to address do not exist in historical vacuum, a re-assessment of the forces that held back Nigeria in the past is essential. Thus the paper attempts an evaluation of the various distortions that have impeded the efficacy of Nigerias previous development strategies. Ensuing, we take a review of the various (major) economic strategies designed and adopted in the country till date. The paper identifies instability of the roadmaps -a fallout of the spirit to always do something new, frequent change of operators of the roadmap, reducing development to politics, poor implementation, non-implementation or outright sabotage, lack of good leadership, among others, as some of the factors that have kept us dancing in a vicious cycle of backwardness. In view of these, we articulate the challenges and prospects of achieving the Vision 20:2020.

Wolff's Defence of Philosophical Anarchism

Anarchism is not given any serious status in the great texts of political philosophy until Hobbes' Leviathan. There it is mentioned and described as the state of nature . We find no advocacy of anarchism, however, until the time of the French Revolution (e.g., in Godwin). In the nineteenth century, the century of isms , the term 'anarchism' came into common use. It was perhaps first used in an approving way by Proudhon, who adopted the term to describe his own political beliefs. One important point about this new usage was that anarchism largely lost its connotation of chaos-of disorder and insecurity-at least among those who advocated it. From the point of view of its defenders, anarchism would be the selfregulation of a social order or of a group of persons or of the single individual, where self-regulation was distinguished from coercive regulation by institutions of the State (e.g., army, police, laws, courts, and jails). In a word, anarchism would be a desirable state of society without government. There is, of course, more complexity to the theory of anarchism than this brief capsulation could indicate. I am referring here, in particular, to the many proposals for decentralized social organization put forward by anarchists historically: the industrial worker syndicates , the artisan mutualist societies, the agrarian communes, co-operative societies of all sorts. Now I do not want to denigrate the significance of these suggestions, or of the utopian impulse in general. But the point is that the existence, and even the desired quality of life, of any one of these social arrangements is probably consistent with the existence of government. Hence, it is to some purpose that the negative character of anarchism has been stressed. For it is no accident that anarchism, as the name itself implies, is best understood by reference to what it is against. Moreover, given that the radically individualistic devil-take-the-hindmost anarchist of the Right would tend to reject the social ideals of the egalitarian, communityoriented anarchist of the Left, it may well be that the only thing that all anarchists have in common is what anarchism denies. In any case, this negative side of theoretical anarchism would appear to be a necessary adjunct of any positive scheme that the anarchist might want to advance. One of the characteristic ways, and perhaps the most persuasive way, in which this denial side of anarchism has been expressed is in the claim that no government can be legitimate . This proposition states, I think, the essence of what the philosophical anarchist is committed to.

Offenses Against the State

Offenses against the state fall into two cate gories : conduct inimical to the very existence of government, and offenses which affect the orderly and just administration of public business. Treason, which shades into sedition or advocacy of overthrow, and espionage are examples of the for mer. Although the United States Constitution was designed to limit the definition of treason to exclude "constructive trea son" as used in England, sedition laws giving similar effect have been passed in times of crisis. First Amendment problems have made prosecutions for subversive activities of livelier interest in constitutional than in criminal law. Examples of offenses which obstruct governmental operations include per jury, bribery and corruption, and criminal libel and contempt by publication. Convictions for actions to obstruct are gen erally difficult to obtain. Prosecution for perjury, however, has been undertaken in a number of cases in which the stat ute of limitations proscribed prosecution for espionage or a more serious charge or where a conviction on another charge could not be obtained. It has always been difficult to delineate satisfactorily free political activity and extralegal conspiracy contemplating force and arms rather than persuasion and the ballot. To the credit of American political institutions, patri otic excesses, popular, legislative, or administrative, have gen erally been checked by an independent bar and an independent judiciary, and criticism of governmental action which jeopard izes political liberty is freely voiced in Congress, the courts, and the press.—Ed.

Criteria for a Rational Tax System

A NUMBER OF ENTHUSIASTIC-perhaps some would call them fanaticalsingle-taxers insist that any tax other than a tax on the rental value of land is per se morally objectionable. The state has no right, under any circumstances, to levy on the earnings of labor and capital, they argue. The rent of land should suffice for all legitimate governmental expenditures, they believe, and any governmental services which cannot be financed without drawing on other sources should be forgone. I do not hold any view so extreme. The services of gevernment are important to all of us, except, possibly, criminals. All of us benefit from the existence of government, though perhaps in varying degrees which cannot be precisely measured. The so-called earnings of labor and capital are secured by their recipients, and can be so secured, only when there is the order and protection which government provides. The maintenance of settled government and, if this government is democratic, of the social and cultural conditions essential to the well-being of the citizens may be of supreme importance, therefore, to all of those who receive interest on capital and to most or all of those who receive only wages. If no better and adequate source of revenue is available, it may be proper, therefore, to demand substantial contributions from both capital and labor. Indeed, even though a more desirable source of revenue is available but is not used because popular ignorance and misunderstanding prevent its taxation, it would be better for capital and labor to support government wholly from these earnings, however hard and fairly won, than to be deprived of governmental services. A system of taxation which is very bad and which is relatively unfair between individuals and classes may yet be immensely better than no system at all. I

The Political Philosophy of Gerrard Winstanley

The Leveller movement of the Puritan Revolution was composed chiefly of people who represented economically the lower middle classes and religiously the Independents and the Sects. Thus, they had a respectable basis, though their enemies claimed otherwise, and while. they were interested in certain political reforms which appeared sweepingly radical for their times, they did recognize the value of a visible church organization (not a state supported church) and the necessity of such fundamentals of English life as the sanctity of property and the existence of government.