Existence Of Disability Research Articles

Association between non-optimal temperature and cardiovascular hospitalization and its temporal variation at the intersection of disability

BackgroundWhile previous research has identified populations susceptible to non-optimal temperatures, disability has been largely overlooked. Given the growing number of persons with disabilities (PwD) and their social and health disadvantages, understanding how disability intersects with temperature-related health effects is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the associations between non-optimal temperatures and cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalization and examine how these associations vary over time considering the existence of disability. MethodsWe used the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort to investigate the association between non-optimal temperatures and CVD hospitalization in South Korea, 2002–2019. We obtained daily mean temperature from the Korea Meteorological Administration's automated synoptic observing system. We applied a space-time-stratified case-crossover design using a conditional quasi-Poisson regression with a distributed lag non-linear model, adjusting for relative humidity, wind speed, and public holidays. We examined temporal variations in temperature-CVD hospitalization associations using a time window approach. All analyses used the minimum hospitalization temperature (20.0 °C) as reference and were stratified by disability status. ResultsThe cumulative exposure-response curve in persons without disabilities showed a J-shape with a relative risk (RR) of 1.07 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.99, 1.15) at extreme heat (99th percentile) and 1.09 (95 % CI: 0.97, 1.23) at extreme cold (1st percentile). The cumulative exposure-response curve in PwD showed an M-shape with the highest RR at chill (1.22 [95 % CI: 1.13, 1.32]) and moderate cold temperature (1.11 [95 % CI: 1.01, 1.21]), defined as the 30th and 5th percentiles, respectively. The impacts of heat and cold decreased over time for persons without disabilities but increased for PwD. ConclusionsOur study found differential temperature-related impacts on CVD hospitalization based on disability status, and PwD were maladapted to heat and cold over time. This suggests the importance of considering disability when investigating temperature-related health disparity and adopting disability-inclusive adaptation strategies.

Indonesian Society is Not Disabled Friendly?

The case of a state official required a Deaf person to answer questions submitted to a Deaf person on World Disabilities Day in 2021 by using spoken language and refusing to use sign language because it was considered that the disabled have the same abilities as the non- disabled group. The perception of these state officials is a representation of the Indonesian population in understanding disabilities. The purpose of this research is to prove that Indonesia already has a policy to align the life positions of disabled people with non-disabled people, but these policies do not reach the community level, so that people are not friendly to people with disabilities. This research uses descriptive qualitative method by analyzing interview data and indirect observation, as well as combining secondary data obtained from previous research, the website found that facilities in the form of infrastructure were uneven and low sign language skills for non-disabled groups led to a lack of knowledge about the existence of disabilities. The result of this study shows that the disabled group cannot adapt to their own environment so that the existence of disabilities is not widely known by the public. The lack of knowledge about people with disabilities causes people to think that disabled groups are the same as non-disabled groups. Such perception is then considered by the people of Indonesia to be unfriendly to persons with disabilities.

Does disability necessarily lead to poverty?

It is well known that the existence of disability can lead a person (or his family) into poverty. More specifically, disability may cause a person to face inequality in education and employment, thus adversely affecting his income; The increase of disability related expenditure has led to the reduction of living standards and poverty of the disabled and their families. Taking India and China as examples, this paper analyzes how disability leads to inequality and poverty. This paper argues that the limitations of the health of the disabled, the socio-cultural prejudice against disability and the lack of government support policies have all contributed to the unequal treatment faced by the disabled in many aspects. These inequalities, in turn, directly or indirectly lead to a decrease in the income of disabled persons compared with non-disabled persons; On the other hand, compared with non-disabled persons, disabled persons face an increase in the cost of living, which together leads to relative poverty, often absolute poverty.

Extreme temperature, health, and disability: A comparison of health effects between people with and without disabilities

BACKGROUND AND AIM: People with disabilities are at greater risk of being socially and materially deprived, engaging in health-risk behaviors, and having comorbidities than the non-disabled population, which may impose an additional disease burden from extreme temperatures. However, no studies have compared the effects of extreme temperatures in people with and without disabilities. This study aimed to investigate the association of heat waves and cold spells with emergency hospital admissions by the existence of disability and disability types. METHODS: The study subjects are from the Korean National Health Insurance Services –National Sample Cohort. We identified emergency admissions for non-external causes(NEC), cardiovascular(CVD), and respiratory(RES) diseases from people who resided in seven metropolitan cities in 2006-2013. A time-stratified case-crossover analysis using conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association of heat wave and cold spell with emergency admissions. Heat wave and Cold spell were defined based on the intensity of temperature and duration of the day. The models were adjusted for daily PM10 concentration, relative humidity, and national holidays. We further explored effect modifications by the existence of a disability and disability types (physical, visual, hearing, intellectual disability/disability of brain lesion/mental disorder/kidney dysfunction). RESULTS:The association between heat wave and emergency admissions for NEC was higher in people with disabilities (Odds ratio: 1.37, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.92, 2.04) than people without disabilities (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.76, 1.12), which was consistent when using different heat wave definitions. A similar pattern was observed with respiratory admissions. However, the associations between cold spell and emergency admissions were similar or somewhat lower in people with disabilities than those without disabilities. We also found heterogeneity in the health effects of extreme temperatures among people with disabilities by their disability types. CONCLUSIONS:To promote environmental health equity in an era of climate change, more attention to this unrecognized susceptible population is needed. KEYWORDS: Environmental disparities, Environmental justice, Temperature extremes

EKSISTENSI DISABILITAS DALAM PROFESIONALITAS KERJA PERSPEKTIF ALQURAN

This article discusses the existence of disability in shaping the professional attitude of the Qur'anic perspective. By preserving the story of Abdullah bin Ummi Maktum narrated in Surat 'Abasa, the Qur'an does not differentiate between normal people and those with disabilities, and not discriminate against one another. Not only acknowledging the existence of disability, the Qur'anic concept also explains how to behave and associate with them as being responsive and courteous, other dispensations that the Qur'an gives to disability. Although people with disabilities are not physically perfect, they have certain skills and skills that can be sharpened and developed, so that it can give birth to a professional attitude of work that does not see the physical.

EKSISTENSI DISABILITAS DALAM PROFESIONALITAS KERJA PERSPEKTIF ALQURAN

This article discusses the existence of disability in shaping the professional attitude of the Qur'anic perspective. By preserving the story of Abdullah bin Ummi Maktum narrated in Surat 'Abasa, the Qur'an does not differentiate between normal people and those with disabilities, and not discriminate against one another. Not only acknowledging the existence of disability, the Qur'anic concept also explains how to behave and associate with them as being responsive and courteous, other dispensations that the Qur'an gives to disability. Although people with disabilities are not physically perfect, they have certain skills and skills that can be sharpened and developed, so that it can give birth to a professional attitude of work that does not see the physical.

The right to liberty of persons with psychosocial disabilities at the United Nations: A tale of two interpretations

This article explores the current debate which exists within the United Nations human rights system regarding the right to liberty of persons with psychosocial disabilities. Article 14 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities states that the existence of a disability cannot be a justificatory ground for the involuntary detention of a person. In interpreting Article 14, the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has called for States Parties to repeal legislation which provides for detention based on the existence of a psychosocial disability, either solely or in combination with other factors such as a perceived dangerousness or need for treatment – essentially requiring the abolition of mental health laws. However, a number of other human rights bodies within the UN, including the Human Rights Committee, have continued to affirm the lawfulness of deprivations of liberty under mental health legislation in certain circumstances. This article will set out the current state of this discourse and conclude by making a determination on the governing legal interpretation of the right to liberty of persons with psychosocial disabilities under international law.

Xerostomia and Hyposalivation in Patients with Physical and Psychological Disabilities

Disabilities are complex, dynamic, multidimensional and also contested; one or more key functions of the organism can be affected so to diminish an individual�s freedom of expression and of action. The transition from an individual, medical perspective to a structural, social perspective was described as a shift from a medical model to a social model where individuals are more likely considered disabled by the society then by their own bodies. Disabilities represent a part of the human condition due to its bidirectional connection with poverty: the existence of disabilities can increase the risk of poverty, and poverty can increase the risk of disability. The experience of disability that results from the interaction of the state of health, personal factors and environmental factors varies greatly. Stress, anxiety or different unpleasant moments can cause a temporary decrease in salivary flow but a constant decrease can indicate the existence of a serious health problem. Xerostomia represents the subjective sensation of dry mouth. It can be accompanied by hyposalivation, an objective phenomenon but this is not always the case. Even if the patient declares the existence of xerostomia, this does not necessarily imply the existence of hyposalivation. Xerostomia can be determined by modifications in the oral cavity, as the sensitivity level to moistening, adverse reactions to certain drugs (anti-depressants, inhibitors of the conversion enzyme). The handicap, now called disability represents a special condition of the individual, reason why he must benefit of the support of the society and of those around him. Dental treatment in patients with psychiatric disabilities must consider the general and local involutive modifications, the existent overlay polypathologies that can influence the dental treatment. The study was conducted practically and included the direct interaction as part of the medical team and the registration of 145 patients presented on request with various types of psychological disorders, sometimes covered by the mask of somatic disorders, indicating a masked depression, or a physical depression, where the emotional condition of yesterday and today differ very much. Pointing out the role of the dentist in approaching patients with physical and psychical disabilities, motivating and making them aware of the necessity of adopting a proper oral hygiene for preventing oral disorders. The dramatic impact on the psyche and the well-chosen words stressed by the clinician increase patient awareness and motivation in order to make him collaborate during the treatment.

Depression and Loneliness in Disabled Adults

The study is a cross-sectional type conducted on disabled individuals registered in Turkish Disabled Association Branch in the province of Eskişehir between 27th of August 2012 – 15th of January 2013. 348 disabled individuals (54%), who agreed to participate in the study and with whom communication could be established, constituted the study group. The existence of disability, its type and degree in individuals were evaluated according to the medical reports obtained previously. In this study, the Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess the level of depression and the UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to assess loneliness. The working group consisted of 95 females (27.3%) and 253 males (72.7%). Their ages varied from 18 to 62 and the average age was 34.70 ± 12.22. In our study, the frequency of depression was determined as 57.8% (n = 201). Those who are married, those with three or more children, smokers, those who consume alcohol, and those who need care in their daily lives have a higher incidence of depression (for each, p <0.05). It has been found out that those who are 19 years old and under this age, high school graduates and those with higher level of education, hearing-impaired patients and those with 50-74% disability level, have a lower incidence of depression (for each, p <0.05). There is no correlation between depression and loneliness (p> 0.05).

Multilevel Analysis of Health Care Service Utilization among Medical Aid Beneficiaries in Korea

The current study was done to identify individual- and group-level factors associated with health care service utilization among Korean medical aid beneficiaries by applying multilevel modeling. Secondary data analysis was performed using data on health care service reimbursement and medical aid case management progress from 15,948 beneficiaries, and data from 229 regions were included in the analysis. Results of multilevel analysis showed an estimated intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 18.1%, indicating that the group level accounted for 18.1% of the total variance in health care service utilization, and that beneficiaries within the region are more likely to share common features with regard to health care service utilization. At the individual level, existence of disability and types of medical aid beneficiaries showed a significant association, while, at the group level, social deprivation index, and the number of beneficiaries and case managers within the region showed a significant association with health care service utilization. The significant influence of group level variables in health care service utilization found in this study indicate a need for group level approaches, such as policy change and/or promotion of community awareness.